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Biomedical subjects

U K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to U K Sharma.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Recovery of human immunodeficiency virus from asymptomatic prostitutes from Tamil Nadu.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 13 asymptomatic healthy human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) antibody positive prostitutes from Tamil Nadu, southern India, were cocultivated with phytohemagglutinin stimulated PBMC from HIV antibody negative donors for HIV isolation. In addition, plasma samples from two antibody positive prostitutes with HIV antigenemia were processed for virus isolation. The presence of virus in the cultures was monitored by (i) assay for virus particle associated reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, (ii) HIV-antigen enzyme immunoassay, and (iii) indirect immunofluorescence test to detect expression of HIV specific core antigens p-24 and p-17 in infected cells using monoclonal antibodies to these antigens. The virus was isolated from PBMC from 2 prostitutes (86-4 and 86-5) and from plasma of one prostitute (86-20). These isolates have been characterised as HIV type-1 by dot blot hybridization using HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral DNA probes.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Naturally occurring HIV-1 isolates with differences in replicative capacity are distinguished by in situ hybridization of infected cells.

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) has been studied by in situ hybridization using the riboprobe BH10-R3 from HTLV-IIIB. Two series of isolates were tested: (a) 20 isolates from individuals with varying severity of HIV-1 infection and (b) sequential isolates from 5 subjects showing signs of clinical progression over a 45 month observation period. The results show that HIV-1 isolates with distinct replicative capacity can be distinguished by the intensity of radioactive labeling over single infected cells after in situ hybridization. Sequential isolates from patients with clinically progressive HIV-1 infection show a gradual increase in replicative capacity over time. In PBMC cultures infected with such sequential isolates, intensity of radioactive label over single infected cells increases and is strongest with isolates obtained at the time of low CD4 counts in blood. The results suggest that the restriction of virus replication that operates in the early stages of HIV-1 infection is gradually lost with progression of the disease.

HIV Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast-feeding and human immunodeficiency virus.

Breast-feeding provides nutritional, immunological, and psychological benefits. It protects children from mortality and morbidity associated with diarrheal diseases, pneumonia and other infections. Breast feeding has also been shown to prolong the interval between births and thereby improve child survival and maternal health. However, studies suggest that in certain populations, breast feeding may account for nearly 14% of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. It is therefore important that the risk of HIV-1 infection through breast feeding be weighed against the morbidity and mortality associated with bottle feeding. This paper discusses the literature dealing with breast feeding in women with HIV-1 infection. Specifically, the review addresses the issues surrounding infant mortality in areas of different HIV-1 prevalence where breast-feeding or bottle-feeding may be employed. Analysis suggests that the benefits of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding may be employed. Analysis suggests that the benefits of breast-feeding can substantially outweigh the putative risk of HIV-1 transmission unless the prevalence of HIV-1 infection is high or the difference in mortality between breast-fed and bottle-fed infants is very low.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aortic aneurysm and dissection: evaluation with spiral CT angiography.

The study was undertaken for aortic evaluation and to see its usefulness for assessing aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and pseudoaneurysm by spiral CT angiography (CTA). A total of 28 patients with aortic aneurysm (n=19), aortic dissection (n=5) and aortic pseudoaneurysm (n=4) were included. CTA findings were compared with ultrasonography in 14, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 14, MRI in 9; and surgical findings in 12 patients. CTA was an excellent imaging modality for comprehensive evaluation of aortic aneurysm, dissection and pseudoaneurysm combining the advantage of conventional contrast enhanced CT axial images and those of angiography in the form of 3D reformatted images.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Roundworm infestation presenting as acute abdomen in four cases--sonographic diagnosis.

Infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) is very common in the tropics and subtropics. Patients with ascariasis can be asymptomatic or may present with different clinical features in the form of simple nausea, decreased appetite, abdominal pain or more severe bowel obstruction, perforation, intussusception, biliary colic etc. Ultrasonography (USG) can be quick, safe, noninvasive and relatively inexpensive tool in diagnosing the presence of worms and also evaluating response to treatment (1, 2, and 3). Here we present four cases of roundworm infestation presenting with acute abdomen in the emergency department, which were diagnosed by USG and further imaging features of ascariasis on USG is described.

Abdomen, Acute↗