Rapid screening of chicken intestinal contents for Campylobacter jejuni using coagglutination.
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Agglutination Tests↗
Biomedical subjects
U K Chattopadhyay
Publications and source records attributed to U K Chattopadhyay.
Bioterrorism--a review.
With the turn of the new millennium, a new kind of warfare has evolved--bioterrorism. After the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, every country in the world is now living under the shadow of an unknown yet deadly enemy--biological weapons. Every individual has suddenly become very vulnerable to this new weapon, which can strike anybody at any time without any warning. It is, therefore, important that we take a close look at this new weapon, so that we can take appropriate measures to shield ourselves from this deadly enemy.
Bacillus anthracis↗
Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli--an environment-induced emerging zoonosis in and around Calcutta.
With changes in livestock management practices and food processing industry, along with changes in people's food habits, many diseases have emerged. Infection with verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) is one such illness. In the present study an attempt was made to isolate, identify and characterize VTEC strains with reference to the O157:H7 serotype from animal, human sources and some food products with the aid of the available modern methods. A total of 876 samples (330 animal, 184 human, 362 food samples) were screened for the presence of VTEC by conventional as well as PCR technique. Seventeen VTEC strains (12 animal, one human and four food samples) were isolated. The isolation rate was higher in diarrhoeic animals (6.02%), followed by diarrhoeic handler (3.12%) and raw beef (1.78%) samples. All strains showed the presence of the VT gene by PCR tests and were uniformly sensitive to common antibiotics except tetracycline, cephalexin, dicloxacillin, erythromycin and lincomycin. Since all strains were isolated from various sources of animal and human origin and all strains showed the presence of the VT gene and uniform antibiogram, a zoonotic association is suggested. This study marks the first report of isolation of VTEC strains from animal sources in India.
Animals↗
The occurrence of campylobacteriosis in domestic animals and their handlers in and around Calcutta.
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Animals↗
A study on the status of Japanese encephalitis infection in Arunachal Pradesh.
Suspected cases of Japanese Encephalitis (J.E.) were recorded in the hospitals of Arunachal Pradesh from 1986 to 1995. 162 cases were diagnosed as J.E. with predominance in male sex and lower age group. Maximum cases were recorded between June to October. 11.3% pig sera showed J.E. antibodies when tested by ELISA test.
Adolescent↗
Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli including O157:H7 strains from dairy cattle and beef samples marketed in Calcutta, India.
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Animals↗
A study of nosocomial diarrhea in Calcutta.
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infection is a major problem in hospitalized patients, particularly those who are debilitated. These infections may manifest as diarrhea. The spectrum of infections agents causing nosocomial diarrhea in our country is not known. METHODS: Thirty-two patients, admitted to the hospital with various complaints, who developed diarrhea during their hospital stay, were studied to identify the causative agents of diarrhea. Hospital food samples were also processed for pathogens. RESULTS: The bacteria isolated from patients included established enteropathogens like Salmonella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter species and organisms with low pathogenicity like Serratia marsescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Morganella morganii. The bacterial pathogens isolated were resistant to most antibiotics, suggesting their nosocomial character. Hospital food samples contained Salmonella typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni (biotype 1) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, suggesting that food might have been the vehicle for these infections. CONCLUSION: Nosocomial infection was found to be an important cause of diarrhea (34%), EPEC and Salmonell being the predominant pathogens. Water, egg and milk were the source of infection in these cases. Special measures to obtain uneffected items will prevent occurrence of nosocomial diarrhea in our hospitals.
Adult↗
Isolation of Capnocytophaga species from non-vital anterior teeth.
Root-canal infection is very common in India. Both aerobic and anaerobic organisms have been claimed for its aetiology. However, isolation of Capnocytophaga species from non-vital anterior teeth is sparse. In this study a solitary case of Capnocytophagal root canal infection is reported.
Bacteria, Aerobic↗
Incidence of Campylobacter species in animal handlers.
From the stool samples collected from diarrhoeic and healthy handlers of domestic animals different Campylobacter species were isolated in 16.6 and 21.1 per cent respectively. Both biotypes 1 and 2 were identified. All the 10 strains of C. jejuni were found to be enterotoxigenic or potentially enterotoxigenic in the ligated ileal loop of albino rats.
Animal Husbandry↗
Enterotoxigenicity of human and animal isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in ligated rat ileal loops.
Human and animal isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were tested for enterotoxigenicity in ligated loop of Charles-Foster rats. Of 21 isolates, 13 were proved to be toxin-positive in the initial experiments. However, the remaining 8 required one to three passages through the rat ileal loop before showing the capacity to produce enterotoxin. All isolates caused fluid accumulation comparable with the amount produced by the standard toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae 01 1naba 569B. The isolates of C. jejuni from human and animal sources did not show any quantitative difference in their capacity to produce enterotoxin.
Animals↗
Sterility testing of disposable syringes and needles marketed in Calcutta.
Presterilized (disposable) syringes and needles were subjected to sterility testing for aerobic cultures. It was found that 56.3% of the samples were contaminated indicating failure of the sterilisation process. The implications of this could be far reaching and is discussed alongwith.
Bacteria, Aerobic↗
Direct detection of diarrheagenic Aeromonas from faeces by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting aerolysin toxin gene.
Detection of diarrheagenic Aeromonas specific aerolysin toxin (Aer) gene by PCR based assay and isolation, identification of diarrhea causing Aeromonas from faeces by culture methods were carried out in the Division of Active Surveillance, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, India for a period of 12 months. Out of 602 faecal samples collected from patients with acute diarrhea admitted in Infectious Diseases (ID) Hospital, Kolkata, 68 (11.29%) samples were found to be possessing Aer gene by PCR technique. The conventional culture methods using selective media yielded only 64 (10.6%) Aeromonas strains from the same faecal samples. The different Aeromonas species possessing Aer gene identified by PCR based technique include A. hydrophila (55.8%), A. caviae (17.6%), A. veronii (10.2%), A. schubertii (4.4%), A. jandaei (2.9%) and A. trota (8.8%). The isolation and identification of Aeromonas by routine culture did not detect enterotoxigenic A. trota present in four diarrheal faecal samples. The failure of the growth of enterotoxigenic A. trota on selective media may be attributed to the ampicillin susceptibility of those strains. The quality control studies revealed that PCR method for the direct detection of Aer gene from the faeces has the sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98%.
Adolescent↗
A study on the isolation of anaerobic bacteria from the root canal infections in anterior non-vital teeth with special reference to Bacteroides species.
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Adolescent↗
Coagglutination test for rapid noncultural diagnosis of human Campylobacteriosis.
Forty diarrhoeic stool samples of domestic animal handlers in a rural area of India were cultured and screened for detection of Campylobacter jejuni by Co-agglutination technique (CoA). Seven C. jejuni strains were isolated by culture and 6 faecal samples gave positive CoA test. The specificity and sensitivity for negative and positive culture were 96.9% and 85.7% respectively. This is first report of detection of Campylobacter enteritis of human beings using CoA technique directly from stool samples.
Agglutination Tests↗
New born chicks can serve as an experimental animal model for human campylobacteriosis.
Campylobacter enteritis is an emerging food borne zoonotic disease. Improperly cooked chicken serve as a potential source for this infection. Diarrheogenic potential of Campylobacter jejuni is tested either by in-vivo rat ileal loop (RIL) test or by molecular methods. This study reveals that 3-day-old chicks can serve as an animal model for toxigenic C. jejuni.
Animals↗
A study on the polymicrobial etiology of root canal infections in anterior non-vital teeth in a government hospital in Kolkata, India.
A total of 52 patients having non-vital anterior teeth who attended at the Department of Conservative Dentistry of a Government Dental College of the city of Kolkata, India where studied for isolation of different microflora in the root canals of the non-vital teeth. 41 (78.8%) out of 52 cases studied showed the presence of microorganisms in the root canal of the teeth. A total of 83 different strains were isolated. The anaerobic organisms constituted 30.1% of the total isolates. 51.7% of the root canals showed presence of polymicrobial etiology of the non-vital teeth.
Bacteria, Aerobic↗
Prevalence of the type of hepatitis virus in hospitalized jaundiced individuals.
The prevalence of different types of hepatitis virus was estimated in 185 hospitalized jaundiced patients. It was found that 41.08% were positive for HBs Ag by ELISA method. The jaundiced group was also tested for IgM antibody and for total antibodies (IgG and IgM) to HAV infection by ELISA method and 5.40% were found to be positive. All patients in the jaundiced group had serum bilirubin above normal values. It was, therefore, assumed that the rest 52.92% were suffering from Non A Non B virus infection.
Adolescent↗
Knowledge, attitude and practices about zoonoses with reference to Campylobacteriosis in a rural area of West Bengal.
Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of zoonotic diarrhoea in the developed as well as developing countries. Domestic animals particularly the poultry act as a source of human infections. Domestic animal rearing is a very common practice in India particularly in rural areas. The present study of KAP of Zoonosis showed 68.2 % of 500 families interviewed did not have knowledge about zoonotic diseases in rural Bengal and not a single family had any idea of Campylobacter infections.
Animals↗