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Biomedical subjects

U Jain

Publications and source records attributed to U Jain.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Development of simple and stable ELISA for detection of copro antigen in intestinal amoebiasis.

A simple, sensitive and stable ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) was developed using rabbit antibody to fractionated Entamoeba histolytica antigen for the detection of copro antigen in the faeces of individuals with intestinal amoebiasis. In this test none of the healthy individuals, all trophozoite positive, 40% cyst passers and 6% individuals living in endemic area showed the presence of copro antigen. ELISA using polyclonal rabbit antibody could detect 1-5 trophozoites/well and 20-50 ng protein per well of NIH-200 strain of E. histolytica and the sensitivity of the test was comparable with that using monoclonal antibody. Cross reaction was observed only with E. invadens when faeces having other parasites were screened. The reagents of ELISA were stabilized and found to be stable for more than 6 months when stored at 4 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A randomized, double-blind study of two combined and two progestogen-only oral contraceptives.

A randomized double-blind study of two combined oral contraceptives and two progestogen-only oral contraceptives was conducted using the same protocol at WHO Collaborating Centres for Clinical Research in Human Reproduction in Bombay and Ljubljana of the 518 women admitted to the trial, 123 received mestranol 50 micrograms + norethisterone 1mg (MES 50 + NET 1); 137 received ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms + levonorgestrel 150 micrograms (EE 30 + LNG 150); 130 received norethisterone 350 micrograms/NET 350); and 128 received levonorgestrel 30 micrograms (LNG 30). At one year, between 52.6 and 61.0 percent of those recruited had discontinued oral contraceptive use for all reasons, and by two years, between 70.5 and 76.5 percent had discontinued the treatment. These rates did not differ between the four treatment groups. However, discontinuation rates for all medical reasons at one and two years, and at two years pregnancy rates and discontinuation rates for bleeding disturbances, were significantly lower in the EE/LNG preparation. The groups receiving the MES/NET, LNG and NET had similar pregnancy rates, discontinuation rates for all medical reasons and all bleeding disturbances. There were two ectopic pregnancies among the 22 pregnancies in the progestogen-only groups. Discontinuation because of headache, dizziness and other central nervous system symptoms were significantly more common in those receiving MES/NET compared to EE/LNG. In contrast, discontinuation for gastro-intestinal disturbances were significantly higher in the EE/LNG combined preparation. Bleeding disturbances in the first few cycles tended to be higher in NET than in the LNG group. The data suggest that greater consideration be given to the benefits and risks of including progestogen-only oral contraceptives in the family planning programmes of some countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Selection of optimal features for classification of electrocardiograms.

The forward sequential selection and backward sequential rejection algorithms and the optimal branch and bound algorithm were evaluated in selection of features for classification of electrocardiograms of 237 patients with old myocardial infarction and 299 subjects without infarction. The branch and bound algorithm proved suitable for small sets of ECG features. However, the computational effort required was orders of magnitude greater than that for the other two methods and became prohibitive with large features sets. A satisfactory and consistent overall classification accuracy was achieved by using the sequential selection algorithms for selecting continuous features by maximizing the Mahalanobis distance at each step of the feature selection process. Maximization of the association index can produce better results but requires more computing effort. Feature selection based on maximizing sensitivity at each step for a fixed level of specificity is less satisfactory when a high level of specificity is required.

Computers↗
PubMed1981

Cardiac infarction injury score: an electrocardiographic coding scheme for ischemic heart disease.

A multivariate decision-theoretic electrocardiogram (ECG) classification scheme called Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) was developed using ECGs of 387 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and 320 subjects without infarction. The most accurate and stable classification was achieved by using a combination of eight binary (single threshold), three ternary (two thresholds), and four ECG features measured on a continuous scale. For practical visual coding of ECGs, the CIIS coding procedure uses a checklist containing 12 items measured from the conventional 12-lead ECG. The CIIS test results indicate that, in comparison with conventional ECG criteria for MI used in clinical trials, the diagnostic accuracy can be considerably improved by optimizing feature and threshold selection and by multivariate analysis. The CIIS detected MI with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95%. Using a higher severity level, a specificity of 99% was achieved, with a sensitivity of 71%. One of the primary uses of the CIIS is coding of significant worsening of the ECG with new coronary events from annually recorded ECGs in clinical trials and epidemiologic studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diagnostic accuracy of the conventional 12-lead and the orthogonal Frank-lead electrocardiograms in detection of myocardial infarctions with classifiers using continuous and Bernoulli features.

The performance of ECG classifiers using Bernoulli variables was evaluated in comparison with the same classifiers using an identical set of ECG features measured in continuum. A Bernoulli variable is permitted to take only two states depending on whether its value is below or above a given threshold. A new method was used for discretization threshold optimization. The branch-and-bound algorithm, the sequential forward selection and backward rejection procedures were used for selecting the best subsets of Bernoulli and continuous features out of the primary set of features measured from the conventional 12-lead and the orthogonal Frank-lead ECG. A linear discriminant function was used to estimate the classification accuracy of Bernoulli and continuous features in a test library composed of ECGs of 237 Subjects with old myocardial infarcts and 299 subjects without infarction. The results indicate that while Bernoulli variables perform as well as or better than continuous variables over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity, continuous features appear to yield a higher diagnostic accuracy when a high level of specificity is required. In comparison with the diagnostic accuracy of the Minnesota Code's criteria for myocardial infarction, decision-theoretic classifiers using continuous features yielded an overall improvement in sensitivity from 14 to 20% at a fixed level of specificity. The information content of the conventional 12-lead ECG appeared as good as or better than that of the orthogonal Frank-lead ECG regarding differential diagnosis between myocardial infarction and non-infarction groups when identical statistical procedures were used for the design of the classifiers.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caring for the ICU patient receiving propofol.

This article, the first in the new DCCN department for acute-care nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, and advanced practice nurses, focuses on the pharmacodynamics of propofol. The advanced practice nurse working in the ICU is likely to institute propofol protocols, teach staff about the drug, and collaborate with the bedside nurse on the patient's outcome to this treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular monitoring: clinical applications of technologic advancements.

Increasing senescence is leading to increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in the surgical population. Because of advances in technology, extensive cardiovascular monitoring is increasingly available, and guidelines for monitoring are being developed. An understanding of the cardiac risk of the patient allows proper choice of monitors. Several advances have been made in the monitoring of blood pressure, myocardial ischemia, infarction, arrhythmias, and various systemic parameters. The large-scale studies necessary to elucidate the impact of monitoring on clinical outcome have yet to be conducted.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗