Biomedical subjects

U Hennig

Publications and source records attributed to U Hennig.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1997

Calorimetric validation of 13C bicarbonate and doubly labeled water method for determining the energy expenditure in goats.

The purpose of the present study was to validate the 13C bicarbonate method (13C-M) and the doubly labeled water method (DLWM) for the estimation of the CO2 production R(CO2) in goats as a ruminant model. Indirect calorimetry was chosen as the reference method. Studies were carried out in 2 male African dwarf goats at 3 different developing stages (age: 5, 10, and 14 months, body mass: 14.6, 20.3, and 21.7 kg). Animals were fed a balanced feed 14 days before and during the studies. The isotope tracers (4 mg/kg NaH13CO3, 120 mg/kg 2H2O, and 75 mg/kg H218O; 99 AT.-%) were simultaneously given as a single pulse injection into the jugular vein. Thereafter, the animals were kept for 8 days in two respiration chambers (volume of chamber: 2.85 m3, air flow rate: 25 1/min) for the estimation of CO2 production and O2 consumption. For the determination of R(CO2) using the 13C-M samples of exhaled breath were drawn from the respiration chambers. The 13C enrichment and CO2 concentration of breath samples were measured by means of an infrared isotope analyzer. In order to determine R(CO2) by means of the DLWM, blood serum was used. The 2H and 18O enrichments were measured by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Urine samples were collected over 24 h to quantify renal water losses. The R(CO2) was calculated by means of the 13C-M using the area under the 13C enrichment-time curve. The determination of R(CO2) by means of the DLWM was based on the slopes of the 2H and 18O disappearance curves and the body water pool obtained from the zero time intercept of the isotope curves. The values of R(CO2) resulting from the 13C-M were found to be comparable with those from the calorimetric measurement. Smaller (not statistically significant) values of R(CO2)--92% from 13C-M and 87% from DLWM--compared to the indirect calorimetry could indicate the incorporation of 13C and 2H into metabolites other than CO2 and H2O, respectively. The body water contents calculated from the zero time intercepts of the 2H and 18O disappearance curves amounted to 66% and 63%, respectively. The body water content was found to be not related to the age of animals. The renal water loss was calculated to be 35% of the total water loss (0.76 l/d.

Aging↗

PubMed1997

Morphometry of the small intestine in pigs with ileo-rectal anastomosis.

Ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA), which is frequently used to measure prececal digestibility in pigs, could induce some disturbances of the normal absorptive function. Our aim was to investigate the effects of different IRA surgical procedures on the main histologic characteristics of the small intestine in pigs. The 4 different IRA procedures compared to intact pigs (INT) were the following: either end to end (EE) or end to side (ES) with or without preservation of the ileocecal valve (EEV, EE, ESV, ES respectively). At 147 d after surgery, samples of the wall of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were taken under anesthesia and histometric examinations were performed on HE- and PAS-colored sections to estimate changes mainly of mucosa and muscle layers. The values recorded for villus length, crypt depth, and whole thickness of the mucosa suggested that the EE procedures disturb the small intestine less than the ES models. A new parameter, called epithelial quotient and calculated as [(villus length/crypt depth)/mitotic index], was proposed to improve the comparisons. According to this quotient, EE procedures did not significantly affect the mucosa of the whole small intestine. An increased density of goblet cells was recorded in all operated pigs along the small intestine, but mainly in the ileum after EE-IRA. The lymphatic follicle area was reduced. These findings, which were in agreement with a reduced mitotic index in the ileum of EE-pigs, indicated a decreased effect of noxious factors on the small intestinal mucosa in IRA-pigs, especially after the EE-IRA procedure. Some atrophic or hypertrophic effects on the muscle layers were related to the absence or preservation of the ileo-cecal valve. Finally it was concluded that i) there was no major disturbance after IRA, and ii) the end to end procedure was most beneficial for the structural integrity of the small intestine.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1996

Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometric comparison of N-acetyl- and N-pivaloyl amino acid esters to measure 15N isotopic abundances in physiological samples: a pilot study on amino acid synthesis in the upper gastro-intestinal tract of minipigs.

There is evidence that in animals and also in humans, non-specific nitrogen is used for de novo synthesis of indispensable amino acids by the microflora of the gastro-intestinal tract. Gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry was applied to investigate whether lysine of intestinal origin is available for body protein synthesis. Two minipigs with an end-to-end ileorectal anastomosis received orally equimolar amounts of 15N as ammonium chloride or urea twice a day for 10 days. Samples of blood and ileal digesta were collected before and throughout the 10 days; tissue samples were taken at termination of the experiment. The N-acetyl-n-propyl (NAP)- and N-pivaloyl-i-propyl (NPP)-amino acid esters were evaluated for the determination of the 15N content of lysine and 16 other amino acids ranging from natural abundance to an enrichment of 0.6 APE 15N in a complex mixture of proteinogenic amino acids and several matrices. At natural abundances for all amino acids analysed, NAP and NPP derivatives gave mean precisions of 0.5 and 0.3/1000 delta 15N, respectively. The mean precision for NPP derivatives at enrichments between 0.42 and 1.10 AP 15N ranged between 1.0-15.0/1000 delta 15N. 15N from ammonium chloride was incorporated into lysine and in all other amino acids of serum albumin to a 2.5 times higher degree than from urea. Somewhat lower, but significant, lysine enrichments were detected in liver, duodenum and jejunum. After 10 days of ingestion of 15N-labeled urea a significant 15N enrichment in lysine of serum albumin could not be detected, although lysine in the ileal digesta was significantly labeled by day 5. This is the first report providing evidence that the microflora in the upper gastrointestinal tract of pigs is capable of synthesizing lysine de novo and that this lysine is available for body protein synthesis.

Acetylation↗

PubMed1995

Influence of lansoprazole on intragastric 24-hour pH, meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion, and concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones and enzymes in serum and gastric juice in healthy volunteers.

Twelve healthy volunteers (6 females, 6 males) between 26 and 36 years of age were enroled in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-way cross-over study. The objective was to determine the influence of lansoprazole (Agopton, Takeda Pharma GmbH, Aachen), a novel proton pump inhibitor, in doses of 30 and 60 mg, on the intragastric pH, on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and on the concentration of gastrointestinal hormones and enzymes in serum and gastric juice. Active drug or placebo had to be taken as single daily morning doses on an empty stomach for 7 days. Each wash-out period between drug application periods was 2 weeks long. Lansoprazole induced a dose-related increase in intragastric pH as well as a relevant reduction of basal acid output, meal-stimulated acid output and meal-stimulated secretion volume. 60 mg lansoprazole was significantly superior to 30 mg in increasing intragastric pH. The basal secretion volume in volunteers on 30 and 60 mg lansoprazole were lower than in volunteers on placebo. Serum gastrin and serum pepsinogen concentrations increased in a dose-dependent manner. Pepsin output and pepsin activity in gastric juice were slightly decreased in volunteers on 30 mg lansoprazole and markedly suppressed in volunteers on 60 mg lansoprazole 2 h after meal stimulation. Intrinsic factor concentration increased in volunteers on lansoprazole with a clear dose relationship. The evaluation of laboratory data and reported nonserious adverse events proved the relative safety of this new antiulcer agent.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1993

[The prececal digestibility of corn, sunflower, cottonseed, linseed and soybean extract meal in swine with ileocecal anastomoses].

Five pigs were each surgically prepared with end-to-side (E.t.S.) and end-to-end (E.t.E.) ileorectal anastomoses (IRA). The ileo-caecal valve was preserved in both modifications. The animals were fed diets with maize or solvent extracted oil seed meals from sunflower, cottonseed, linseed or soybean and maize in combination with one of these oil seed meals. The aim of the experiment was to estimate the influence of both IRA-techniques on the precaecal nutrient digestibility and amino acid (AA) absorption. The crude carbohydrate digestibility in two of the five single protein diets and in three of the four blends were significantly higher in the E.t.S.--than in the E.t.E.--IRA group. There were no significant differences between the two IRA-modifications in crude protein (CP) and crude fat digestibility. No differences were observed in AA absorption for the single components maize, sunflower- and cottonseed meal. The absorption values of isoleucine, leucine and valine from linseed meal were significantly more than 5%-units higher in the E.t.S.-group than in E.t.E.-animals. There were similar results in soybean meal for four essential AA but with differences below 5%-units. Accordingly the two IRA-modifications did not influence the AA absorption to a practically important extent.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1993

The effects of lansoprazole, 30 or 60 mg daily, on intragastric pH and on endocrine function in healthy volunteers.

Seven days of dosing with either 30 mg or 60 mg of lansoprazole were compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized, three-way cross-over study in 12 male healthy volunteers. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH was measured after 7 days of dosing with each regimen, as well as 3 and 7 days after the end of dosing. During dosing with placebo, intragastric pH was above 4 for a median of 51 minutes. pH values were significantly raised to above 4 for 8.45 and 8.33 hours on Day 7 of dosing with lansoprazole 30 and 60 mg, respectively, but returned to normal by the third day after stopping dosing. No clinically relevant influence on endocrine function (serum concentrations of insulin, aldosterone, testosterone, parathormone, glucagon, T3, T4, TSH, LH, FSH, STH, prolactin, circadian cortisol profile, ACTH test) was observed. No serious adverse clinical or laboratory events were noted.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1993

An open trial of long-term therapy with lansoprazole in patients with peptic ulceration resistant to extended high-dose ranitidine treatment.

Forty-two patients with peptic ulceration of the duodenum, stomach or oesophagus, who had not responded to 3 or more months of high-dose treatment with ranitidine (450 or 600 mg/day), were treated with oral lansoprazole at 30-60 mg daily. In 40 patients (95.2%) the ulcers healed within 2-12 weeks. In the remaining 2 patients healing took several months but eventually all ulcers healed. After healing, 40 patients underwent long-term maintenance treatment with 30-60 mg lansoprazole daily for 1-3 years (continuing). During maintenance therapy with lansoprazole, no endoscopically verified relapses occurred when the drug was taken regularly. In 1 patient treatment had to be discontinued because of a drug-related colitis that disappeared soon after treatment had been stopped. There were no significant changes in routine laboratory tests in any patient. Basal serum gastrin concentrations, which were already elevated by the previous high-dose ranitidine treatment (125 +/- 25 pg/ml), rose to four times the normal values after 4 weeks of treatment with lansoprazole (255 +/- 65 pg/ml). Thereafter no further increases in basal serum gastrin concentrations were observed, even after 3 years of administration. The volume density of argyrophilic cells in the oxyntic mucosa increased slightly during lansoprazole treatment; until now no dysplasia of the enterochromaffin-like cells has been observed. In conclusion, 30-60 mg lansoprazole daily healed ranitidine-resistant peptic ulcers, and subsequent maintenance therapy with 30-60 mg lansoprazole daily was found to be highly effective and safe over the time observed.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1992

[Comparison of methods for determining the prececal nutrient digestibility and amino acid absorption of swine with ileorectal anastomoses and ileocecal bridge cannulas].

The apparent precaecal nutrient digestibility and amino acid (a.a.) absorption of 10 diets were estimated in pigs with end-to-side ileorectal anastomoses (IRA) as well as with ileocaecal re-entrant cannulae (IZB). The digestibilities of organic matter and crude carbohydrates were significantly higher in IRA pigs than in IZB pigs in two resp. three diets only. There were no practical important differences for the digestibilities of crude protein and crude fat in all diets. Out of the 180 a.a. absorption comparisons only 20 (i.e. 11%) showed differences larger than 5%-units. The absorption rates of several a.a. were lower in IRA than in IZB pigs and of some other a.a. on the contrary. The methionine absorption of five legume diets and one barley + lysine diet were up to 15% resp. 4%-units lower in IRA pigs. Possibly this was due to the activity of microbes in the rectum in connection with a small intake level of protein bound methionine. In order to minimize such a falsification it is proposed to use the end-to-end anastomosis. The deviations in the apparent a.a. absorption between IRA and IZB pigs can be explained partly by differences in the quantity of precaecally excreted endogenous a.a. per 100 g DM intake.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1992

Lansoprazole versus famotidine: efficacy and tolerance in the acute management of duodenal ulceration.

Lansoprazole (AG 1749/CG 4801) is an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion by blocking H+,K(+)-ATPase. In this 2:1 randomized, double-blind, multicentre trial lansoprazole 30 mg am was compared to 40 mg famotidine nocte in 264 out-patients suffering from uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. After 2 weeks of treatment ulcer healing was confirmed endoscopically in a significantly higher proportion (P = 0.027) of patients treated with lansoprazole (94/174 = 54.0%) compared to patients receiving famotidine (35/90 = 38.9%). Cumulative healing rates after 4 weeks were 91.4% for the lansoprazole group and 83.3% for the famotidine group (P = 0.065). Pain relief and decrease of concomitant antacid consumption during treatment were comparable in both groups. Both compounds were well tolerated. Rates of recurrent duodenal ulcer in the 6 months after trial treatment were 45/158 (28.5%) after lansoprazole, and 18/69 (26.1%) after famotidine.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗

PubMed1991

[The energetic utilization of rations with dried concentrates, potatoes, sugar beets, apple pectin and cane sugar by growing, intact and ileorectostomized swine. 1. Results in swine with ileorectal anastomoses].

Rations with dried feedstuffs and rations with between 30 and 50% raw potatoes in the dry matter as well as steamed potatoes and sugar beets, sucrose and apple pectin were tested in measurings of the total metabolism in growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses. The prececal digestibility of the energy of the rations ranged between 42% (rations with raw potatoes) and 79% (rations with sucrose). The digestibility of the rations with a 50% quota of steamed potatoes was better by 30%--units than that of rations with raw potatoes. In addition to crude nutrient digestibility, data are given on the digestibility of starch, water soluble carbohydrates and pectin. The wide variation in the N retention of 6-25 g/animal.day can only be partly connected with energy retention. Urine energy amounted to between 2.5 and 5% of gross energy. The average utilization of metabolizable energy amounted to 69.4%. A connection is to be seen with the value of energy maintenance requirement of 646 kJ retention energy/kg LW0.62.d.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1991

[The energetic utilization of rations with dried concentrates, potatoes, sugar beets, apple pectin and cane sugar by growing, intact and ileorectostomized swine. 2. Comparison of results].

Results of the measuring of the total metabolism of growing intact pigs (INT) and pigs with ileorectal anastomoses (IRA) are compared. The 16 comparisons are based on studies with rations of dried feedstuffs and rations containing between 30 and 50% of the DM raw or steamed potatoes and sugar beets, sucrose and apple pectin. On an average of all comparisons the relative values for the digestibility of energy, DM and the organic matter as well as for the metabolizability of the energy were between 81 and 82% (values measured at INT animals = 100). The comparison also refers to the crude nutrients, the water-soluble carbohydrates, the starch and the pectin. As a tendency, the IRA utilized the metabolizable energy better than the INT animals. The energy maintenance requirement of the IRA animals was--by 15%--significantly higher than that of the INT animals. There is not yet an answer to the question in how far comparative studies of INT and IRA animals make verified statements with regard to the differences in the energetic utilization of the precaecally and postileally digested nutrients possible. For this, further experiments will be necessary.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1991

[Prececal protein and amino acid digestibility and total crude nutrient digestibility of extracts of three rapeseed varieties, ascertained in ileorectostomized and intact swine].

The apparent precaecal crude protein digestibility and amino acid absorption as well as the total digestibility of the nutrients organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude carbohydrates were determined of rations consisting of barley plus oilmeals of two rapeseed varieties of double quality (DQ) from Canada (Canola) and the GDR as well as of one variety of single quality (SQ) with 10 female pigs weighing between 120 and 140 kg with ileorectal anastomoses (IRA) and 4 intact (INT) female pigs weighing between 150 and 160 kg. The three rapeseed meals (RSM) were furthermore fed to IRA pigs as sole protein source together with protein-free feed. Based on the digestibilities of the crude nutrients determined with INT pigs and calculated with the difference method the energy content of RSM DQ "Canola", DQ GDR and SQ GDR could be calculated as 495, 633 and 500 EFUpig/kg DM (average: 543 EFUpig). The precaecal digestibility of the crude protein of the above mentioned RSM sorts determined with IRA pigs and calculated with the difference method amounts to 73, 76 and 75% resp. and is thus lower than the average absorption of all amino acids. The precaecal digestibilities of crude protein and essential amino acids for the mixtures calculated from the digestibility values of the individual feedstuffs barley and the above mentioned RSM largely agree with the experimentally determined digestibility values, i.e. there is additivity. On an average of the values known from literature for DQ RSM (including our own results), the precaecal digestibility of crude protein amounts to 70, of lysine to 74, of methionine to 82, of cystine to 82, of threonine to 69, of tryptophan to 72 and of isoleucine to 74%.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1990

[Prececal crude protein digestibility and absorption of amino acids from lupines in swine].

The apparent precaecal (pc) digestibility of crude protein (CP) and the apparent pc absorption of the key amino acids (AA) lysine, methionine, cystine, isoleucine, threonine and tryptophan from two yellow sweet lupine (L. luteus) varieties (Bornova, Borluta) and one narrow-leafed sweet lupine (L. angustifolius) were determined with ileorectostomized pigs. When the influence of the basal diet (barley or protein free rations) was checked with regard to absorption there were significant differences in a few cases only. In comparison to soybean meal (SBM) the methionine of the lupines was significantly worse, the cystine significantly better absorbed. The CP and the other key AA of the lupines showed approximately the same or even slightly higher pc absorption than those of SBM. With the example of the pc-absorbable AA amounts it was shown that sweet lupines with an approximately equally high CP content as in SBM cannot completely substitute the latter even after lysine and methionine supplementation because the absorbable tryptophan is by far insufficient, and isoleucine and threonine make up only 75% in comparison to SBM. On the basis of the content of pc-digestible CP and pc-absorbable AA it becomes possible to substitute high-grade imported protein concentrates according to their ability of AA supply in the feeding of pigs completely or partly by home-made protein feeds.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1990

[Prececal crude protein digestion and amino acid absorption during the use of ileorectostomy and fistula technic in swine].

Described in this paper are ileocecal cannulation and ileorectostomy, two methods used for quantitative collection of chyme in the context of protein assessment on the basis of prececally absorbable amino acids. Reference is made to the manufacture of new, flexible intestinal cannulas of biocompatible material and to the surgical approaches in connection with either method. Determination of prececal digestibility of crude nutrients and absorption of amino acids in three rations fed to pigs with ileorectal anastomoses and ileocecal cannulas gave identical data or fair agreement with the extension of two amino acids. The conclusion was drawn that data recorded by means of the two methods can be used in the preparation of tabulated values.

Absorption↗

PubMed1989

[Physiologic and nutritional studies in pigs with ileorectal anastomoses. 3. Nitrogen retention and utilization following energy an electrolyte supplementation].

In order to guarantee an equally good development of ileorectostomized pigs (IRA) used for the determination of precaecal protein digestibility and the absorption of amino acids as for intact animals (INT), the supplementation of their rations with easily soluble carbohydrates and minerals is necessary. The effects of these supplements on live weight development, nitrogen balance and N utilization level were the subject of the assessment of 21 rations with 129 and 117 balance measuring resp. with growing IRA and INT pigs. Without any supplementation of the rations the N balances of the IRA pigs showed significantly lower and partly negative N balances and N utilization levels in comparison to the INT pigs. The combined supplement of easily soluble carbohydrates (100 g/kg DM intake) and 300 ... 400 ml electrolyte solution per day (approximately 1 ... 1.3 g additional Na) resulted in N balances almost equal to those of INT pigs. The supplement of both electrolyte solution and NaHCO3 (approximately 2 g Na per animal and day additionally) to a barley + lysine ration resulted in a significant increase of the N balance and N utilization in IRA pigs of a live weight between 120 and 140 kg in contrast to the control period. A supplement of carbohydrates to a ration consisting of barley + fish meal + grass meal and electrolyte supplements of 400 ml per animal and day only resulted in significantly higher N balances and N utilization levels in the live weight range up to 70 kg in comparison to the control periods, which then corresponded to those of INT pigs. There was no essential influence of carbohydrate supplementations on pigs of more than 70 kg live weight. The postileal digestibility of the crude carbohydrates (CC) of 14 rations calculated from the difference between total digestibility (faecal analysis) and precaecal digestibility (analysis of the ileal chyme of IRA pigs) showed that between 40 and 100 g (70 g on average) out of the 780 g CC per kg DM consumed disappear in the large intestine. These studies show that in the testing of concentrates and mixed feed rations the supplementation of 100 g easily soluble carbohydrates/kg DM intake should be sufficient to guarantee a normal development of IRA pigs. In addition, an oral supply of 1 to 2 g sodium in the form of electrolyte solution exceeding the requirement of INT pigs is necessary as this supplementation significantly improves the N retention of IRA pigs even heavier than 100 kg.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1989

[The energy preservation requirement of growing pigs of different sexes fed normal and high protein diets. 4. Determination of parameters in the blood for estimating metabolic status].

In connection with experiments for the ascertainment of energy and nutrient metabolization in castrated pigs, sows and boars over the complete fattening period and with alternating maintenance and growth feeding as well as the inclusion of an extreme protein supply level, blood parameters were studied of 3 animals per variant in order to recognize possible deviations in the metabolism and to be able to better assess the results of the measurements of energy metabolism. The results of the determination of the content of glucose, insulin, ketoses, ammonia, urea and amino acids in the blood are announced, the results of glucose elimination contained in the intravenous glucose tolerance test are depicted as tolerance curves. As a result, there was to be seen, arranged according to animal categories, a ranking of the glucose elimination rate of castrated pigs greater than sows greater than boars. The same sequence was observed with regard to insulin secretion, which corresponds to the blood sugar level. On the whole, the results of the blood tests do not show critical states of the metabolism hat can lead to an influentiation of energy metabolism.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1989

[The prececal and total intestinal nutrient digestibility and amino acid absorption of food yeasts in swine].

In a difference experiment the apparent precaecal (pc) and total intestinal (tot) nutrient digestibility and amino acid (AA) absorption of 5 yeasts (n-alkane yeasts Fermosin and Paprin, molasses/molasses distillers residue yeast, two sulfite waste liquor yeasts) were studied. The two n-alkane yeasts were very highly digested pc, the difference to tot digestibility is only small in most cases. In contrast to this, the pc and tot digestibility values of molasses/molasses distillers residue yeast differed considerably more. The probable reason for this is too hot drying due to which pc digestibility, particularly of the crude protein, and pc AA absorption are considerably reduced. In the two sulfite waste liquor yeasts, sulfite waste liquor residues containing lignin impair especially the crude carbohydrate digestibility and the energetic feed value; the better processing conditions of origin A, however, reduced considerably the negative effects. The results confirm that each yeast origin has its specific particularities, which have to be taken into consideration when they are used in feeding.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1988

[The effect of exogenous factors on pre-cecal nutrient and amino acid resorption determined in swine with ileo-rectal anastomoses. 2. The effect of the degree of grinding of plant protein-rich concentrates in rations].

In digestion trials using pigs fitted with ileo-rectal anastomoses and intact pigs, the influence of two different grinding finenesses (coarse, fine) of vegetable high-protein concentrates (soya bean meal, field bean, lupin) added to cereal diets was examined. It was found that neither the precaecal nor the total nutrient absorption and digestibility were practically injured, when in the concentrates the particle sizes bigger than 2 mm did not amount more than 20% and whole grains hardly occurred. The investigations concerned the crude putrients, watersoluble carbohydrates and starch as well as the indispensable and dispensable amino acids. The apparent and true precaecal absorption values and total digestibility data for soya bean meal (heat treated), field bean (variety 'Fribo' and yellow sweet lupin (variety 'Bornova'--calculated by the different method--are given and discussed.

Animal Feed↗