An interaction between hyperbaric pressure and taste in man.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
U Halbreich
Publications and source records attributed to U Halbreich.
Variations in the Taylor MAS of women with pre-menstrual syndrome.
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Adult↗
Serum-prolatic in women with premenstrual syndrome.
Serum-prolactin was measured by radioimmunoassay during the menstrual cycle in 28 women who had the premenstrual syndrome (P.M.S.) and in a control group who did not have P.M.S. symptoms. Throughout the menstrual cycle mean serum-prolactin was signficantly higher in women with P.M.S. than in the controls. The average individual increase in serum-prolactin during the premenstrual period compared with the first 3 weeks of the cycle was also significantly higher in women with P.M.S. It is not clear whether the increase in serum-prolactin was merely an indicator of stress or was actually involved in producing some of the symptoms which constitute P.M.S.
Adult↗
Rheumatic brain disease: a disease in its own right.
In many cases of patients who had rheumatic fever--at times undiagnosed--there is a chronic involvement of the brain as a result of disseminated recurrent obliterating arteritis or emboli in the small blood vessels, especially in the brain membranes or the cortex. As a result, disseminated, unstable, and transient neurological and psychiatric symptoms appear. The nature of these symptoms depends upon the age of the patient and the time of onset of the disease. It is suggested that the term "rheumatic brain disease" or "rheumatic encephalopathy" be used, and introduced into the nomenclature of the American Rheumatic Association.
Adult↗
Pictorial expression of ulcerative colitis.
The most prevalent emotional characteristics of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis are illustrated in pictures spontaneously drawn by a young patient while hospitalized. With the onset of the illness, the pathological content of the drawings surfaced. Using anthropomorphism of animals, the patient was able to identify with the story-book characters and reveal the problems of her own inner world and masked depression, which she was not able to express otherwise. Although she viewed herself at the center of the world, innocent and sensitive, she felt inferior and estranged from society. In defense, she withdrew from the hostile world and tried to hide self-directed aggression.
Adult↗
"Clubbing" -- a side-effect of long-term phenothiazines treatment.
A schizophrenic-paranoid patient was on a continuous maintenance treatment of phenothiazines for 5 years. 8 weeks after switching over to fluphenazine enanthlate injections intramuscularly, "clubbed fingers" occurred. The results of thorough examinations were within normal limits, so the phenothiazine treatment was presumed to be the cause of clubbing. It is suggested than anoxia of the distal tissue gives rise to clubbing due to arterial hypotension, slowing down of the blood and viscosity of the blood.
Adult↗
Obesity: some psychological and physiological considerations.
The case report of an obese patient deals with his background, history of life and its correlation to obesity. The causes, circumstances and habits of eating are almost a perfect expression of the traditional theories of obesity. This case report emphasizes the correlation between the psychiatric theory that divides the obese people into adult and juvenile types and the histological findings that obesity can be divided into hyperplastic and hypertrophic types according to the quality and quantity of the fat cells. In fact these two theories may be manifestations of the basic, yet unknown cause of obesity. A doubt to the classical theories is cast by the operation of jejunoileostomy which changes many personality characteristics which were considered primary in obesity.
Adipose Tissue↗
[Editorial: Hormonal aspects of homosexuality].
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Homosexuality↗
Tegretol dependency and diversion of the sense of taste.
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Adolescent↗
Prolactin response to electroconvulsive shock in anesthetized rats.
Serum prolactin level (SPL) of anesthetized rats was measured in response to electroconvulsive shock (ECS). This measurement served as an indicator of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity. Such neurotransmitter activity was modulated by pretreatment with cyproheptadine, parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA), pimozide, bromocriptine or L-dopa. A statistically significant lowered SPL was found in rats given ECS plus antiserotonergic agents, in comparison with animals receiving antiserotonergic agent or ECS alone. When ECS was administered to rats pretreated with the dopaminergic blocker, pimozide, there was a significant decrease in SPL, compared with animals receiving pimozide alone. When the dopaminergic system was stimulated by dopamine agonists, there was no elevation of SPL in response to ECS. Thus, there may be a balance between serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. The agents used in the experiment may upset this balance and produce a change in prolactin response to a given ECT stimulus.
Animals↗
Possible acceleration of age effects on cognition following menopause.
Many cognitive functions have been shown to deteriorate with age. Because of the importance of the menopause as a milestone in the life cycles of women, we examined whether the aging-over-time process in some cognitive functions differs between women of reproductive age and postmenopausal women. It is demonstrated here that in some cognitive tests, including driving simulation, reaction time and some visuospatial tests, there is a significant acceleration in deterioration of functioning following menopause. It is suggested that this acceleration might be associated with the lack of gonadal hormones or other reproduction-related factors which may play a protective role against age-related deterioration in some cognitive functions in women.
Adult↗
Premenstrual changes: patterns and correlates of daily ratings.
Daily ratings of 20 measures of mood, behavior, and physical condition made by 64 women for one menstrual cycle were analysed to determine patterns of covariance between the pre- and postmenstrual periods. Five discriminantly different dimensions of premenstrual change were identified. They were found to be differentially related to a lifetime diagnosis of affective disorder. These results, and others, support the recommendation that research should be focused upon diversified premenstrual changes rather than a single premenstrual syndrome.
Adult↗
Clinical variables and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in depression. The importance of mood reactivity.
Forty outpatients with major depressive disorder were studied with the 1 mg DST and the Afternoon Cortisol Test. No relationship was found between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and Research Diagnostic Criteria subtypes of depression, with the exception of higher log post-dexamethasone cortisol levels in endogenous depressives. Patients with mood reactivity had lower cortisol values on all assessments. The data suggest that the presence of mood reactivity may be useful as a predictor of normal HPA function in depression.
Adult↗
Plasma dexamethasone and cortisol levels in depressed outpatients.
We investigated the 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in 41 outpatients with major depressive disorder assessing the role of dexamethasone blood level, age and basal cortisol on DST results. Non-suppressors (approximately 25% of patients) had lower dexamethasone levels, and post-dexamethasone cortisol was negatively correlated with plasma dexamethasone; these findings were more significant after covarying out age and basal cortisol, factors that were also significantly associated to non-suppressors. A subgroup of patients (n = 19) also had 0.75-mg and 2.0-mg DST to evaluate whether a threshold dexamethasone blood level existed; a dexamethasone blood level greater than 1.5 ng/ml converted all non-suppressors to suppressors. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Adult↗
The multiple interactional biological processes that might lead to depression and gender differences in its appearance.
Several neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Gender differences have been demonstrated in some functions that involve these systems, mostly norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine and acetylcholine. Several hormonal systems have been shown to be altered in depression and gender differences were demonstrated in their activity as well, notably in thyroid hormones and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Most gender differences in brain systems and their hormonal modulators might be attributed to developmental and state influences of gonadal hormones. It is suggested that gender differences in mechanisms that might underlie formation of depressive symptoms might be related mostly to interactional processes and destabilization of balance among multiple factors or circuitry in the central nervous system. Indeed, gender differences in specific neurotransmitters and hormonal systems can be demonstrated as well.
Adult↗
Decreased bone mineral density in medicated psychiatric patients.
Osteoporosis is a common problem in postmenopausal women. It has been linked to estrogen deficiency, other neuroendocrine processes such as hypercortisolemia and male hypogonadism, nutritional deficiencies, and other mechanisms. Some of these changes have been also reported in male and female patients with mental disorders, especially those receiving psychotropic medications. Therefore, bone mineral density was measured by dual-photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and in the femoral neck of 33 female and 35 male consenting psychiatric inpatients admitted consecutively. Patients were diagnosed as having major depressive disorder (N = 21), schizophrenia (N = 33), schizoaffective disorder (N = 7), mania (N = 2), and adjustment disorder (N = 5). Plasma levels of prolactin, estrogen, cortisol, and testosterone were also measured in a subgroup of these patients. It is reported that female patients, but especially male patients, had a highly significant decrease in bone mineral density when compared with age- and sex-matched normal data. It is suggested that psychiatric patients treated with antidepressants or neuroleptics might have decreased bone mineral density than is normal for their age and sex, and may be at an increased risk for fractures. These results may be related to low levels of gonadal hormones, especially in male subjects. Data should be confirmed with a larger number of patients with and without medications to distinguish between diagnosis-related and treatment-related effects.
Adult↗
Are women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder prone to osteoporosis?
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy women participated: 20 with prospectively confirmed PMDD and 18 without PMDD. Bone mass was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at three sites: lumbar spine anteroposterior, lumber spine lateral, and femoral neck. Results from the PMDD and control groups were compared with each other and with age- and sex-matched normative data. RESULTS: The BMD of both groups was as expected for their age and sex, and groups did not differ in BMD or Z scores for any of the bone sites studied. CONCLUSIONS: If women with PMDD are at an increased risk of developing osteoporosis, this risk is not manifested in their BMD.
Adult↗