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Biomedical subjects

U Goldbourt

Publications and source records attributed to U Goldbourt.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Preferential uptake of a water-soluble phthalocyanine by atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits.

This study is the first demonstration of preferential accumulation of a water soluble phthalocyanine dye in atheromatous plaques in the rabbit. Two groups of rabbits with diet-induced atheromatous plaques were killed 4 and 24 h following intravenous administration of copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate. Uptake of the dye by plaque-containing and normal appearing aortae was evaluated macroscopically and quantitatively by extraction of the dye from the tissues. The concentration of the dye in the atheromatous plaques was 2.6 and 1.7 times higher than in the normal vessel wall at 4 and 24 h, respectively. The concentration of the dye in normal appearing aortae in the 2 study groups was similar to that of aortae of control rabbits which were fed a normal diet and exposed to the dye for the same time periods. We conclude that copper phthalocyanine accumulates preferentially in atheromatous plaques in rabbits. These findings provide a basis for the utilization of phthalocyanines for plaque identification and for photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Use of pulmonary artery catheters in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Analysis of experience in 5,841 patients in the SPRINT Registry. SPRINT Study Group.

This study analyzes the use of PAC in a registry comprising 5,841 hospitalized patients with AMI. A total of 371 patients received PAC. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with CHF who received PAC, while there was no difference in patients with cardiogenic shock or persistent hypotension. Mortality in patients receiving PAC was higher irrespective of the presence or absence of "pump failure." A separate analysis of discharge summaries of 364 patients with CHF showed that PAC was used more frequently in sicker patients and that when severity of CHF was assessed, no difference in mortality was found in patients with mild or moderate CHF. We conclude that while a higher in-hospital mortality is found in patients receiving PAC, this excess is likely related to difference in severity of CHF, which had not been assessed in every individual. It is unlikely that PAC increases mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Levels and correlates of blood pressure in recent and earlier Ethiopian immigrants to Israel.

Blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric data were collected on 483 recent immigrants from Ethiopia to Israel, and on 171 adults and 100 adolescent boarding school students who had immigrated two to three years earlier. Comparison of samples within the Ethiopian groups, and between new and early Ethiopian immigrants with Israel and resident Israelis revealed the following: Systolic and diastolic BP were considerably lower in recent immigrants of both sexes than among counterparts residing in Israel for two to three years. The latter group significantly approached, but did not reach, the BP levels of veteran Israelis. A similar comparison of 100 immigrant Ethiopian boarding school children with an Israeli high school population revealed apparently larger differences among the boys than the girls, whose BP was 'adapted' to a greater degree. Differences in relative weight paralleled those identified for BP, with the Quetelet index (QI) progressively higher when comparing new immigrants with earlier ones, and with persons who have lived in Israel for a longer period. Whether the weight differences provide a complete explanation for BP changes cannot be definitely stated, pending prospective data on weight and BP changes. Correlations of BP with anthropometric parameters and pulse rate indicated that weight rather than QI was the stronger correlate of BP in adults, whereas weight and height, but not QI, correlated with BP in adolescent boys. QI correlated with BP in adolescent, apparently sexually mature girls, but not in boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A SAS program for evaluating person-years of risk in cohort studies.

A SAS macro, written to evaluate person-years of exposure in longitudinal studies, is presented in this paper. The program has the advantage of stratification by age groups and chronological subperiods, a feature recommended in long-term studies, involving temporal changes in patterns of outcome. The program creates a data set that can be utilized to calculate age-adjusted incidence rates in categories of risk factors for morbidity and mortality.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1989

Blood pressure in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: comparison with resident Israelis.

Blood pressure was examined in 483 Ethiopian immigrants a few weeks after their arrival in Israel. The results were compared with those from a group of 171 Ethiopian immigrants who came to Israel 2-3 years earlier. Mean blood pressure was significantly higher in the veteran immigrants, whose weight was also greater. Both groups had lower blood pressure than the resident Israeli population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Lipids and lipoproteins in new immigrant Ethiopian Jews in Israel.

In an investigation of lipid levels following a period of deprivation and prolonged travel, 206 male and 272 female Ethiopian Jewish immigrants to Israel were evaluated at the end of 1984. This ethnic group, most of whom are lean persons who had apparently consumed a high simple carbohydrate diet, revealed distinct (cross-sectionally evaluated) age and sex patterns of lipid distribution. Total cholesterol in the Ethiopians resembled that in Israeli-born adolescents or adult resident Israelis at ages 8 years through 20-29 years, but mean levels were considerably lower in Ethiopians at ages 30-39 years through 60 years, where they do not exceed 175 mg/dl for males and 190 mg/dl for females. Mean triglyceride levels were higher for Ethiopian females than in Israeli females up to age range 40-49 years. While the levels in Israelis increase steadily with age, no clear age pattern was discernible in the levels in the Ethiopians (at least cross-sectionally). Among the Ethiopian males, levels were considerably higher than those among Israeli males in childhood and adolescence. In Ethiopian adults, the triglyceride levels appeared to be slightly lower than those in resident Israelis. The Ethiopian immigrants displayed markedly reduced high density cholesterol (38 mg/dl for males, 39 mg/dl for females) compared with levels of between 50 and 53 mg/dl for Israelis at age 8-9 years. These differences diminished with age, until, at around age 20-29 years, mean levels became comparable (around 42 mg/dl for males and 50 mg/dl for females) and remained so at older ages. The distinct lipid patterns in the Ethiopian Jewish immigrants to Israel are subject to ongoing follow-up to investigate the effect of a quasi-western diet and a western lifestyle on this ethnic group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Distributions of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Israeli Jewish children of different geographic-ethnic origins, ages 9-17 years.

To determine age and ethnic patterns of blood lipid levels in childhood and adolescence and to extend previous adult and late adolescent Israeli data to prepubertal ages, the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were determined among 1,153 schoolchildren in the area of Petah-Tikva. Half of the children were born to immigrants from Yemen. Among boys, TC levels progressively decreased as age increased from 10-11 to 14-15 years (159 to 142 mg/dl). The age-specific TC and HDL-C means among boys are compatible with an initial swift fall with age, followed by a rise restricted to TC during puberty. Among girls, progressively lower means through ages 12-13 and increasingly higher ones for older age groups are also compatible with puberty-determined changes, previously observed in American cohorts. The differences in TC were only partly accounted for by lower HDL-C means at higher ages (52 mg/dl in the youngest and 45 mg/dl in the oldest age group, respectively, among boys, compared with 53 mg/dl for girls at both ages 9 and 16-17). TG levels in boys, but not in girls, showed age differences paralleling those found for HDL-C, but in an inverse direction. TC means were lower as age increased only among female offspring of European-born Jews (159 to 148 mg/dl, ages 9-12 compared with ages 13-17), a phenomenon that requires further study. Overall, TC and HDL-C were clearly higher among girls than boys beginning at ages 12-13, with little or no sex differences in TG. The sex differences in TC, contrary to previous studies, were not fully accounted for by HDL-C sex differences. The ethnic variability paralleled previous findings in Israeli adults and adolescents, showing low TC levels among male offspring of Yemenite and other Asian-born fathers. The ethnic differences among girls were small. No specific pattern of age-related lipid changes was found in the group of Yemenite origin, who represented offspring of parents with notoriously low levels of coronary heart disease incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Enhanced risk of coronary heart disease mortality in lean hypertensive men.

A recently presented hypothesis contends that the excess coronary heart disease mortality associated with hypertension is more prominent in lean men than in overweight men. This hypothesis was addressed using data collected in the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study (n = 10,059). The ratios of age-adjusted 15-year death rates in hypertensive and normotensive men were 4.7, 2.8, 2.0, and 1.9 in the Quetelet index groups of less than 2.29, 2.29 to 2.56, 2.56 to 2.83 and greater than 2.83 g/cm2, respectively. The corresponding ratios for all-cause mortality were 2.2, 2.1, 2.0, and 1.7, respectively. The group with the highest all-cause age-adjusted mortality, at 33.6%, was that of the leanest (less than 2.29 g/cm2, bottom 20% of the Quetelet index distribution) hypertensive subjects. The same group also displayed the highest coronary heart disease mortality (age-adjusted rate, 18.2%). The findings persisted for both smokers and nonsmokers and after exclusion of men with coronary heart disease or diabetics at intake, men on antihypertensive medication, or those who died in the first 2 years of follow-up (1963-1965). A multivariate risk score for developing myocardial infarction was calculated, based on levels of age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and Quetelet index. This score varied little across the four Quetelet index groups in hypertensive men: 5-year mean estimated risks of myocardial infarction were between 70 and 74/1000. In normotensive men the scores increased from 19/1000 in the leanest subjects to 29/1000 in the overweight ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Do beta-blockers alter lipids and what are the consequences?

The unpredictable effect of antihypertensive therapy on coronary risk resulting from changes in lipid levels is an increasingly recognized problem. Different drugs have been shown to exert varying effects on lipids. This problem is particularly evident in young hypertensive patients who may be candidates for lifelong therapy. The effects of chlorthalidone and metoprolol on fasting plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels were compared in two similar nonrandomized groups of patients with mild hypertension. Chlorthalidone therapy was associated with an increase in serum cholesterol of 8.1% (17 mg/dl), mainly reflecting an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Serum triglycerides increased by 16% (20 mg/dl) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels decreased by 10% (3 mg/dl, not significant). Metoprolol therapy induced no changes in total, low, very low, or high-density lipoprotein. Serum triglyceride concentration increased by 22% (28 mg/dl). Application of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease Study data to these findings indicates a slight decrease at most in the 5-year estimated probability of myocardial infarction in the chlorthalidone-treated group, whereas a clearly favorable influence on the calculated risk of coronary heart disease was observed for those treated with metoprolol. These data suggest that the different forms of therapy for mild hypertension carry varying degrees of significance in terms of risk of coronary heart disease, which should be considered when choosing medication.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Alpha-tocopherol: effect on plasma lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic patients.

This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) increases the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) with a concomitant decrease of the ratio of total cholesterol/HDLC and a resultant amelioration of the coronary risk profile. Vitamin E (500 IU/day) or placebo were administered under double-blind randomized allocation to 69 hypercholesterolemic patients for 3 months. Sixty patients completed the study (30 in the active treatment group and 30 in the placebo group). Vitamin E raised the mean level of HDLC from 1.39 +/- 0.38 (SD) to 1.58 +/- 0.41 mmol, a 13.6% increase. This increase significantly (P less than 0.05) exceeded a parallel smaller increase of only 0.05 mmol (3.8%) in the placebo group. As total cholesterol (TC) declined by similar proportions in the vitamin E (7.8%) and placebo (9.4%) groups, a concomitant reduction of 23% in the TC/HDLC ratio was achieved in the vitamin E group, significantly exceeding a 9.1% reduction under placebo. Significant beneficial effects were noted on apolipoprotein (Apo) A (which rose) and Apo B (which declined). An increase of Apo A/Apo B ratio by 17.9% was observed only in the vitamin E group. These results suggest that the oral administration of vitamin E (500 IU/day) is beneficial in hyperlipoproteinemia and offers a potential tool for treating the increased coronary heart disease risk.

Apolipoproteins A↗
PubMed1986

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol: correlation with biochemical, anthropometric, behavioral, and clinical parameters in 6,500 Israeli men.

Correlations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), expressed in either absolute or relative terms, with a series of coronary risk factors and other variables were examined in the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study sample. The Quetelet overweight index showed the highest correlations with HDL-C (r = -0.21) as well as with HDL-C as a percentage of total cholesterol (TC) (HDL/TC; r = -0.28). Additional negative inverse associations were statistically different from zero but small. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and HDL/TC were significantly reduced in cigarette smokers, and HDL/TC was significantly reduced in men with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris and (albeit marginally) in diabetes mellitus as well. The presence of these diseases correlated poorly with HDL-C (absolute values). The associations of HDL-C and HDL/TC with the Quetelet index persisted after adjustment for cigarette smoking and vice versa. Reported dietary intake failed to explain HDL-C or HDL/TC variability among individuals. The "net" relationship of HDL-C to several variables was examined in a multiple regression analysis. The Quetelet index accounted for 0.21 of a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.28 (i.e., a very small proportion of explained variability). This magnitude is of an order similar to multiple correlations found in our study for total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and serum uric acid. It indicates that our knowledge of the determinants of HDL-C in adults is insufficient. The possible roles of several anthropometric and behavioral variables in determining HDL-C levels are considered, as is the possible genetic factor in dictating interindividual HDL-C variability.

Blood Pressure↗