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Biomedical subjects

U Gafter

Publications and source records attributed to U Gafter.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Tuberculosis in patients on hemodialysis.

Six of 102 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who underwent hemodialysis treatment from 1972 to 1980 developed active tuberculosis (TB). Three of six patients were Yemenite Jews, an ethnic group constituting only 10.8% of the dialysis population; thus, Yemenite Jews appear to be especially at risk among Israeli dialysis patients. Fever of unknown origin was the most frequent presenting symptom. In four patients, previous TB of the lungs was documented. These data support the view of reactivation of dormant TB as the main pathogenetic pathway for the development of the active disease. Two patients died, whereas four recovered on triple therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Intestinal and metabolic effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in normal adult rat.

We examined the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on intestinal 45Ca and [32P]phosphate uptake in normal and mineral- and vitamin D-replete adult rats. The results indicate that 45Ca uptake by adult rat duodenum was stimulated by "physiological" doses of 1,25(OH)2D3. With increasing dosage of 1,25(OH)2D3, 45Ca uptake also became stimulated first in the colon and then in the jejunum and ileum. The increase in duodenal and jejunal 45Ca uptake was paralleled by an increase in [32P]phosphate uptake, but this parallelism was not always seen in the ileum and was never observed in the colon. The dissociated calcium and phosphate transport response to 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation in the colon was further confirmed by the measurement of transmural fluxes using a modified Ussing technique. These responses to 1,25(OH)2D3 are similar to those observed in younger vitamin D-deficient rats. However, supraphysiological doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 caused weight loss in normal adult rats, whereas the same metabolite, even when given in large doses, led to weight gain in vitamin D-deficient rats. We propose the normal adult rat as an additional model for evaluating the biological action of 1,25(OH)2D3.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prevention of hypoxemia during dialysis by the use of sequential isolated ultrafiltration-diffusion dialysis with bicarbonate dialyzate.

Previous studies have demonstrated that hypoxemia does not occur during isolated ultrafiltration, but does occur during diffusion dialysis with acetate, whether it is performed alone or following a period of isolated ultrafiltration. To determine if the substitution of bicarbonate for acetate in dialyzate could prevent hypoxemia, we studied the effect of sequential isolated ultrafiltration-diffusion dialysis with bicarbonate on arterial oxygen concentration. There was no significant change in pO2 during isolated ultrafiltration or the subsequent period of diffusion dialysis. In addition, excess body fluid could be removed and effective dialysis achieved without marked tachycardia or fluctuation in blood pressure. We conclude that sequential isolated ultrafiltration diffusion dialysis with bicarbonate is a safe and effective way of dialyzing patients without producing hypoxemia or cardiovascular instability.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1980

New complex Ph' translocation t (10; 14; 22) in bone marrow cells and in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood cultures in chronic myelocytic leukaemia.

A patient with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) and a new complex Philadelphia chromosome (Ph') translocation, t (10; 14; 22), is described. This three way Ph' translocation not involving chromosome 9 was present in the majority of the bone marrow cells, as well as in a great proportion of metaphases from phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral blood cultures. The possibility that the Ph' translocation was present also in lymphocytes is discussed and at this regard the involvement of chromosome 14 is of interest considering the documented non random involvement of chromosome 14 in lymphoid malignancies.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Acute plasma cell leukaemia followed by extramedullary plasmacytoma.

A 54-year-old male was hospitalized because of lethargy, weight loss, an upper abdominal mass, hepatosplenomegaly and peripheral blood plasmacytosis of 66%. The diagnosis of acute plasma cell leukaemia was established, and after chemotherapy was initiated, the patient entered complete remission. 6 months later, he developed extramedullary plasmacytoma with involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, right inguinal lymph nodes and right orbit. Response to chemotherapy was poor and he died without evidence of plasma cell leukaemia. The possibility of the existence of extramedullary plasmacytoma at the onset of the disease, expressed by the appearance of plasma cell leukaemia only at the beginning and by extramedullary spreading at the terminal stage is discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Abnormal chromosomal marker (D14 q+) in a patient with alpha heavy chain disease.

A patient with alpha heavy chain disease (alphaHCD), who showed an abnormal chromosomal marker (D14 q+) in 10% of the bone marrow cells, is described. The mesenteric lymph nodes, which showed reactive hyperplasia in the first biopsy, transformed later to a malignant lymphoma and finally to a plasma cell tumour. The small intestine revealed villous atrophy, diminished crypts, and intact surface epithelium. The ultrastructure of the goblet and epithelial cells appeared to be normal, and the microvilli were preserved except for circumscribed areas of destruction. The lamina propria was heavily infiltrated with mononuclear cells, mainly mature plasma cells. Alpha heavy chains (alphaHC) were found in the patient's saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of metabolic acidosis in intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

To investigate the effect of metabolic acidosis on intestinal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) absorption and vitamin D metabolism, metabolic balance studies and in vitro gut sac uptake of 45Ca and [32P]phosphate were performed in rats maintained on low-Ca and moderately low-P diet and fed NH4Cl for 3 or 9 days and pair-fed controls. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D concentration was measured in the rats fed NH4Cl for 9 days and their controls. Net Ca and P absorption was 87-92% in the acidotic rats and did not differ from control. Moreover, gut sac uptakes of 45Ca and [32P]phosphate were not different from control. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D was higher in the ammonium chloride-fed rats than in controls (213 +/- 44 vs. 110 +/- 12 pg/ml), and serum P was lower in the acidotic animals (4.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.3 mg/dl). These data indicate that metabolic acidosis does not depress the augmented intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus noted during their dietary deprivation nor reduce the plasma level of 1,25(OH)2D.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1980

Calcium and inorganic phosphate transport in rat colon: dissociated response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

In the small intestine, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] stimulates both calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) absorption. This is mediated through an increase in mucosal-to-serosal flux (Jms) whereas the serosal-to-mucosal flux (Jsm) remains unchanged. We now report that in rat proximal colon, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) produces active Ca absorption without affecting Pi transport, and that this induced active Ca absorption is associated with alterations in kinetics of both Jms and Jsm so that both processes demonstrate saturable components. Vitamin D-deficient rats were given daily injections of solvent (-D) or 270 ng 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (+D) for 3 d. (45)Ca and [(32)P]phosphate fluxes were measured employing the Ussing technique using a modified Krebs-Ringer-HCO(3) buffer ([Ca] 1.25, [Pi] 1.18, [glucose] 11 mM). In -D rats there was no net flux (Jnet) of either Ca or Pi. In +D rats net active Ca absorption was observed (-D = 3.3 nmol/cm(2) per h +/-3.4 (SEM); +D = 27.3 +/-3.8, n = 11, P < 0.001) whereas Pi transport was unchanged, i.e., still no Jnet. Pi Jms was not different from Pi Jsm measured at the following buffer [Pi]: 0.0118, 0.118, 1.18, and 2.36 mM. Ca saturation kinetics were estimated using buffer [Ca] from 0.0125 to 5.0 mM. Saturable processes were demonstrated for both Jms and Jsm. Jnet for Ca across colon from +D rats exhibited saturation at [Ca] > 3 mM, with an estimated V(max) of 44.0 nmol/cm(2) per h and a K(m) of 0.9 mM. This colonic model may provide a useful system for studying 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-induced molecular events related to Ca but not Pi transport. The apparent action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on Ca secretory process may furnish new insights into the mechanism of action of vitamin D.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A hypodiploid clone and its duplicate in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Examination of the bone marrow of a 63-year-old man who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia revealed a population of cells with 32 chromosomes and another population with 64 chromosomes, the karyotypical exact duplicate of the first clone. The karyotypic evolution was studied and the findings compared with those described in two similar cases previously reported. It is postulated that severe hypodiploidy is associated with reduced capability of cellular survival, promoting a strong tendency for duplication.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by contrast media.

The effect of 30% Urografin on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, and arachidonic acid was examined. In vivo and in vitro experiments in 10 nondiabetic subjects and in vitro experiments in 7 diabetic-uremic patients showed a statistically significant decrease in platelet aggregation 20 minutes after in vitro incubation or in vivo infusion with Urografin. Urografin concentration was about 2.4-2.5%. The possibility of bleeding induced by contrast media and the connection with acute renal failure in diabetic-uremic patients are discussed.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy study on Burkitt-like leukemia.

A young patient had Burkitt-like leukemia. The diagnosis was based on the presence of numerous vacuoles observed with the light microscope and confirmed by the finding of large lipid droplets and abundant ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the leukemic cells, seen with the transmission electron microscope. Scanning electron microscope examination of the leukemic cells showed the presence of a smaller number of microvilli and ruffles on the cell surface, which distinguished these cells from the blasts of other types of leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural features of the plasma cells in "non-secretory" myeloma.

A case of "non-secretory" multiple myeloma is described. The diagnosis was based on the clinical picture, typical radiological findings, and infiltration of the bone marrow by myeloma cells which showed specific immunofluorescence staining mainly with antisera for IgM and kappa light chains. An attempt is made to explain the absence of pathological proteins in the serum, based on the ultrastructural findings of the myeloma cells, which showed "buddings" of the cell membranes containing endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic material. It is suggested that the cells of the "non-secretory" type of multiple myeloma possess a normal excretory mechanism, but the pathological proteins are prevented to be secreted in the serum being surrounded by portions of the cell membrane.

Aged↗