Class II transplantation antigens: distribution in tissues and involvement in disease.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
U Forsum
Publications and source records attributed to U Forsum.
Tissue distribution of T-lymphocytes and Ia-expressing cells in rat kidney grafts.
In a rat kidney transplantation model, DA kidneys were transplanted into Lewis rats. Syngeneic Lewis transplantations were studied as controls. Histologic evaluation was made, and immunohistochemical staining with a single-staining peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on frozen sections was performed after 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. Antibodies for Ia antigen (Ox 6), 'suppressor/cytotoxic' cells (Ox 8), pan-T cells (W 3/13), and 'helper/inducer' cells (W 3/25) were used. Allogeneic grafts were almost completely rejected in 8 days. Syngeneic grafts also showed lymphocyte infiltrates, somewhat later than allogeneic ones, but were not rejected. In these infiltrates W 3/25-positive cells dominated, being even more numerous than W 3/13-positive cells. Relatively fewer Ox 8-positive cells were seen in the infiltrates of syngeneic than in allogeneic transplants. Infiltrates occurred later in the renal medulla than in the cortex. Perivascular infiltrates with cells of all investigated phenotypes were seen earlier in allogeneic grafts than in syngeneic ones. All tubular cells within one renal tubule appeared either Ox 6-positive or -negative. With time, all tubules in the allogeneic transplants became Ox 6-positive. Some increase of Ox 6-positive tubules was also seen in syngeneic transplants.
Animals↗
Epithelial HLA-DR expression and T lymphocyte subsets in salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome.
Salivary glands obtained at biopsy from patients with Sjögren's syndrome and controls were studied with regard to phenotype of infiltrating and residing cells, by means of a double immunoenzymatic staining technique. The infiltrating lymphocytes, which were sparse or absent in the control group in contrast to their abundant presence in the Sjögren patients, consisted in both groups mainly of T lymphocytes, the majority of which were T helper cells. In the controls, the glandular epithelial cells were HLA-DR- whereas in the Sjögren patients HLA-DR+ epithelial cells were found, mainly confined to areas, where the epithelial cells were seen in close proximity to the periphery of dense lymphocytic infiltrates. The data are in accordance with recent findings of HLA-DR expressing residing cells in the target organs of various chronic inflammatory diseases and might indicate the induction of HLA-DR expression in nonlymphocytic cells of target organs in which a cellular infiltration dominated by cells of the T helper phenotype is found.
Adult↗
Primary biliary cirrhosis--phenotypic characterization of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood and liver tissue.
Circulating T-cell subsets have been characterized in 18 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) using a simple immunoenzymatic staining method on stored and prefixed cell samples. Furthermore, a double immunoenzymatic method was used to study T-cell subsets and their relationship to HLA-DR+ cells in frozen sections of liver biopsies from 12 patients with PBC. In 10 cases blood and liver samples were taken simultaneously from the same patient. Patients with PBC of early histological stage showed an elevated absolute number of helper/inducer T-cells (Leu 3a+) and reduced relative percentages of suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells (Leu 2a+) compared with healthy subjects resulting in an elevated helper/suppressor ratio. Liver biopsies in PBC were dominated by helper inducer phenotype T-cells in all cases irrespective of histological stage, penicillamine treatment or the relative levels of circulating T-cell subsets. A relatively high amount of HLA-DR+ cells were seen, several of these in close approximation to T-cells.
Adult↗
Phenotypic characterization in situ of inflammatory cells in pityriasis (tinea) versicolor.
The cellular response in pityriasis (tinea) versicolor lesions was analysed in situ with an immunohistochemical double staining technique combined with periodic acid-Schiff staining in frozen sections of skin biopsies from 9 patients. The proportions of B and T cells and subpopulations of T cells in the blood were normal as were the proliferative responses of blood mononuclear cells against various B- and T-cell mitogens and antigens. Fungi were observed in stratum corneum in all lesions, and there were moderate cell infiltrates in both epidermis and dermis as compared to biopsies from normal-looking skin. The majority of the infiltrating perivascular cells reacted with anti-Leu 1 antibodies (all mature peripheral T cells). Anti-Leu 2a reactive cells ('suppressor/cytotoxic' phenotype) were few and scattered, whereas anti-Leu 3a reactive cells ('helper/inducer' phenotype) dominated. This investigation demonstrates that pityriasis versicolor is not a simple overgrowth of the fungus in stratum corneum, but is accompanied by infiltrating immunocompetent cells in both epidermis and dermis.
Adult↗
Intrathyroidal HLA-DR expression and T lymphocyte phenotypes in Graves' thyrotoxicosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and nodular colloid goitre.
Thyroid surgical biopsies from 21 individuals were examined by a double immunoenzymatic technique with respect to HLA-DR expression and lymphocytic infiltration. HLA-DR positive thyrocytes were observed in two examined Hashimoto goitres and in nine of 11 specimens from patients with Graves' disease. HLA-DR positive thyrocytes were localized to areas harbouring infiltrating lymphocytes, whereas regions with no lymphocytes only rarely expressed HLA-DR antigens. In two specimens of nodular goitre HLA-DR positive thyrocytes were observed in the vicinity of lymphocytic infiltration. Tissues from another three nodular goitres, from one follicular adenoma and from two normal individuals contained no HLA-DR positive thyrocytes and no or only a few lymphocytes. The lymphocytic infiltrates were dominated by cells with the Leu 3a helper/inducer phenotype irrespective of underlying disease, although most pronounced in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The results indicate that HLA-DR antigens is expressed on thyrocytes in thyroid disorder. The extent of expression correlated with lymphocytic infiltration, which suggests that the two findings are related and of importance for the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
Adolescent↗
Phenotypic characterization in situ of inflammatory cells in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in man.
The cellular response in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis was analysed in situ with an immunohistochemical double staining technique. Allergic patch test reactions were elicited in 10 patients and irritant reactions in eight cases, using the Finn chamber technique. Skin biopsies were obtained 6-72 h after test applications. Frozen sections of 43 biopsies were investigated by simultaneous staining with rabbit anti-HLA-DR antibodies and various mouse monoclonal antibodies. The cell infiltrates were usually larger in the allergic than in the irritant reactions. However, the kinetics of the cell responses, the phenotypes of the inflammatory cells, their distribution and spatial relationships were similar. It thus appears that the applications of allergens or irritants to the skin generates a cell pattern that to a large extent reflects an immunological readiness for further immune reactions.
Adult↗
Primary isolation of curved rods from women with vaginal discharge.
The occurrence of motile anaerobic curved rods in vaginal discharge was studied in 94 samples from women attending an STD clinic. Almost all wet smear preparations of discharge contained motile rods. Anaerobic curved rods were isolated from 46% of the samples. Of 28 specimens studied by culture and immunofluorescence, 21 were confirmed to harbour motile anaerobic curved rods. Culture was performed with a dilution and sampling technique that is too time-consuming for diagnostic routines, but it enhanced the precision of information on motile anaerobic curved rods in vaginal secretion. More selective and rapid methods for identification of these bacteria are desirable.
Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
Numerical taxonomy of motile anaerobic curved rods isolated from vaginal discharge.
Numerical analysis of phenotypic data on 38 strains of anaerobic curved rods (CR) and 7 reference strains indicated that the curved rods could be split into two types, anaerobic long (LCR) and short curved rods (SCR). In addition, a subcluster was formed within the cluster of SCR by strains that are both morphologically and biochemically intermediate between the LCR and SCR group. None of the reference strains could be grouped into the clusters of CR. DNA-base composition was 52-54 mol% GC for LCR and 56-58 mol% GC for SCR. Serologically the two groups are distinct.
Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
Motile curved rods in women attending a STD clinic.
Motile anaerobic curved rods were cultured from vaginal discharge of 19 of 262 women attending an STD clinic. In 26 women, motile rods were observed by examination of wet smears. In all 5 specimens culture-positive for motile anaerobic curved rods of the long type, motile rods were observed in the wet smears, while in only 6 of the 14 specimens culture-positive for motile anaerobic curved rods of the short type, were motile rods seen in wet smears.
Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
A simple immunoenzyme batch staining method for the enumeration of peripheral human T lymphocyte subsets.
A simple batch method was developed for enumeration of peripheral human T lymphocyte subsets by immunoenzyme staining of stored prefixed preparations of peripheral mononuclear cells on multiple well microscope slides. By this method the monoclonal antibodies Leu 1, Leu 2a and Leu 3a stained the same number of cells as by indirect immunofluorescence on suspended cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Phenotypic characterization of synovial tissue cells in situ in different types of synovitis.
Immunohistochemical double-staining was performed on frozen sections from synovial biopsies obtained at arthroscopy from 22 patients with different kinds of synovitis. Not only in specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative chronic polyarthritis, but also in those from patients with synovitis due to psoriasis, trauma, or crystals, were seen many alpha Leu-1-positive T lymphocytes--in most cases predominantly of the alpha Leu-3a-positive T "helper" cell type--in close contact with HLA-DR-positive macrophages/dendritic cells. Presence of many HLA-DR-positive, often OKM1-negative, and irregular sublining cells characterized all forms of chronic arthritis.
Adult↗
Phenotypic characterization of cells within subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules.
An immunohistochemical double-staining technique was applied to frozen sections of biopsies from subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. Material within the central necrosis reacted with anti-immunoglobulin and anti-HLA-DR antibodies. Cells within the palisading layer were "macrophage-like," as indicated by staining for anti-HLA-DR and OKM1, and showed a high proliferative activity as seen by OKT9 reactivity. The granulation zone contained many (alpha Leu-1+) T cells in close contact with HLA-DR-expressing non-T cells.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Cell surface localization and tissue distribution of a hepatocyte cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein (cell-CAM 105).
We recently identified a 105,000-dalton plasma membrane glycoprotein, denoted cell-CAM 105 (CAM, cell adhesion molecule), that is involved in intercellular adhesion of reaggregating rat hepatocytes (Ocklind, C., and B. Obrink, 1982, J. Biol. Chem., 257:6788-6795). In this communication we used a monospecific rabbit antiserum against cell-CAM 105 to localize the antigen by indirect immunofluorescence on isolated rat cells and on frozen rat tissue sections. This antiserum stained the surface of freshly isolated hepatocytes. In liver sections, however, the fluorescence seemed to be located exclusively along the bile canaliculi. In addition, cell-CAM 105 showed a very specific tissue distribution. Thus a specific fluorescence was seen only in the epithelia of the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the glandular epithelium of the parotid gland, and the tubules of the kidney. No specific fluorescence was found in variety of other tissues, including cartilage, interstitial connective tissue, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, eye, brain, skin, the epithelia of oesophagus, bladder, uterin mucosa, thyroid follicles, prostate gland, or collecting ducts of the kidney. In the simple epithelia of the intestine and the kidney tubules the fluorescence was confined to the apical, luminal portion. Thus, both in these epithelia and in liver, cell-CAM 105 was confined to the apical, luminal portion. Thus, both in these epithelia and in liver, cell-CAM 105 was located where the typical junctional complexes between cells are found. These findings taken together with the fact that cell-CAM 105 is involved in intercellular adhesion between hepatocytes suggest with the fac that cell-CAM 105 is involved in intercellular adhesion between hepatocytes suggest that cell-CAM 105 is a member of the junctional complexes of hepatocytes and some simple epithelia.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
T-lymphocyte subsets and HLA-DR-expressing cells in rejected human kidney grafts.
This communication describes an immunohistochemical analysis of rejected human renal allografts. T-lymphocyte subsets were identified in frozen tissue sections, by Leu 1 (anti-'pan' T lymphocytes), Leu 2a (anti-'cytotoxic/suppressor' T cells), and Leu 3a (anti-'helper/inducer' T cells) monoclonal antibodies. In addition, HLA-DR-positive cells were identified by simultaneous labelling with heterologous anti-HLA-DR antibodies. T cells dominated the cellular infiltrates in acute cellular rejection. Leu-3a-positive cells were more numerous than Leu-2a-positive cells. The Leu-3a-positive cells usually appeared in clusters, whereas the Leu-2a-positive cells appeared scattered in the tissue. HLA-DR-positive non-T cells were found within clusters of T 'helper/inducer' cells. The cell pattern shares many features with the findings in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Ia-expressing cells and T lymphocytes of different subsets in peripheral nerve tissue during experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats.
Inflammatory infiltrates in sciatic nerves during the acute phase of experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat have been characterized with regard to occurrence and distribution of Ia-expressing cells and T-lymphocyte subsets by the help of an immunohistochemical double-staining technique, enabling the simultaneous visualization of T lymphocytes and Ia-expressing non-T cells. Large numbers of Ia-expressing irregular macrophage-like/dendritic cells were seen both within inflammatory infiltrates and within afflicted nervous tissue. Many W3/13-reactive T lymphocytes of both 'helper' and 'suppressor/cytoxic' phenotypes appeared in close contact with these Ia-expressing non-T cells, particularly within the infiltrates. B lymphocytes and plasma cells were relatively few and mainly found close to endoneurial vessels.
Animals↗
Dermatitis herpetiformis: relation between circulating antibodies against reticulin and gluten, small-intestinal mucosal status and absorptive capacity.
The status of the jejunal mucosa and of the intestinal absorptive capacity were investigated and related to the occurrence of antibodies against reticulin and gluten in 55 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), 28 on a normal, 11 on a gluten-reduced and 16 on a gluten-free diet. The mucosal status was characterized on the basis of histopathological findings and the numbers of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Absorption was evaluated by 5-h urine and 1-h serum D-xylose tests. There was a positive correlation between the degree of pathological mucosal changes, malabsorption and the occurrence of circulating antibodies against reticulin and gluten. The serum xylose test was more sensitive than the urine xylose test for screening of the relatively mild enteropathy of DH and identified 88% of the patients with an abnormal mucosal status. The serological test (antibodies to reticulin and gluten) identified 80% of such patients. Among patients on a gluten-free diet there was some discrepancy between the serum xylose and the serological test, in that 5 of the 16 patients on this diet had an abnormal serum xylose test result, but no antibodies. In DH patients on a normal diet, the presence of antibodies to reticulin and gluten provided the same information about the presence of mucosal lesions as the serum xylose test. In the whole material a combination of the serum xylose test and the serological test identified 24 of 25 patients with an abnormal mucosal status.
Adult↗
Gluten-free diet in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Effect on the occurrence of antibodies to reticulin and gluten.
In a prospective study of 51 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), the occurrence of antibodies against reticulin and gluten was investigated and the influences of gluten-free, gluten-restricted, and normal diets on the persistence of these antibodies were compared. After a period extending from 11 to 47 months, none of the patients who were eating a gluten-free diet had reticulin or gluten antibodies. The patients eating a normal diet had the same incidence of reticulin autoantibodies at the end of the study as at its beginning, and gluten antibodies developed in some additional patients during the follow-up period. Thus, we have shown that the elimination of gluten from the diet of patients with DH has an important influence on the occurrence of antibodies to both reticulin and gluten.
Adult↗