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Biomedical subjects

U Erikson

Publications and source records attributed to U Erikson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effect of serum lipid regulation on the development of femoral atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemia: a non-randomized controlled study.

The development of femoral atheroma after 1 year of treatment with diet and nicotinic acid plus fenofibrate was studied in 45 asymptomatic, hyperlipidaemic, middle-aged male subjects in a non-randomized controlled study. The median serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentration and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration were lowered by 67% and 36%, respectively, in the treatment group. The median serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration was increased by 23%. Femoral atheroma was estimated by overall atherosclerosis score (OAS). Changes in femoral atherosclerosis were estimated by intrapair comparison of angiograms. Progression was found in 24% and 40% in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Regression occurred in 29% and 0%, respectively. The OAS decrease correlated with reductions in VLDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in atheroma volume estimated from digitized femoral arteriograms.

To evaluate the effects of treatment in patients with cardiovascular risk factors, valid and reproducible methods for assessing changes in atheroma volume are required. We postulated that these changes could be accurately estimated by repeat measurement of the lumen volume of the artery to be studied. With a computer-based technique, the lumen volume of a 20 cm segment of the femoral artery was measured in arteriograms from 107 patients with hypercholesterolemia. Films were digitized with use of a high-resolution scanner, cross-sectional areas were calculated with a slice thickness of 150 microns and the lumen volume was obtained by their integration. The validity of the method was demonstrated in model experiments. An automatic algorithm to correct for changes due to patient positioning was developed and validated in a model experiment. With repeat measurement 10 min and 11 to 13 months apart the coefficients of variation were 2.9 per cent (N = 107) and 6.1 per cent (N = 29), respectively.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Arterial segmental vasoconstriction in hypercholesterolaemic patients.

Regular, wave-like constriction in medium-sized arteries, arterial segmental vasoconstriction (ASV), has been observed at arteriography and described by many authors. We found ASV in arteriograms of the superficial femoral artery in 13 of 107 hypercholesterolaemic patients, enrolled in the Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST). The arteriograms were digitized and studied with a quantitative computer-assisted technique. The frequency of ASV was higher than has been reported earlier in clinical materials, possibly because of an increased vasoreactivity in hypercholesterolaemia, as recently observed experimentally. The ASV patients were, on average, younger, had lower blood pressure and less atherosclerosis, than the non-ASV patients. ASV was not found in any of the 19 patients in the material who either had symptoms of peripheral vascular disease or arteriographically verified arterial occlusions. No significant correlations with smoking habits or serum cholesterol levels were found. A computer-based index of ASV and measurement of ASV wavelength are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of femoral atherosclerosis in asymptomatic men with hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Sixty-two male subjects with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIA (n = 18), type IIB (n = 18) or type IV (n = 24) underwent femoral arteriography to investigate the degree of atherosclerosis. All except two were free from symptoms of peripheral arterial disease. The presence of atheroma was determined according to a standardized consensus procedure based on visual interpretation. Atherosclerosis were graded by means of a scoring system, whereby an overall atherosclerosis score (OAS) was calculated for each patient, based on four consecutive segments of the femoral artery. Thirteen type IIA (72%), 14 type IIB (78%) and 18 type IV (75%) patients had femoral atherosclerosis, and the mean OAS in the patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia of these types were 0.58, 0.75 and 0.49, respectively, all with a standard error of the mean about 0.05. The atherosclerosis score increased the more distal the arterial segment, being most prevalent in the lower inferior segment. The OAS was higher in patients of above median age, in those with systolic or diastolic blood pressure above the median and in smokers. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that low density lipoproteins cholesterol was highly significantly related to OAS among smokers. In conclusion, femoral atherosclerosis is a prevalent finding in asymptomatic subjects with hyperlipoproteinaemia and could serve as a basis for intervention studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Development of femoral atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic patients during treatment with cholestyramine and probucol/placebo: Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST): a status report.

The Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial is being performed to investigate the effects of probucol on atherosclerosis in the femoral artery. Probucol is combined with cholestyramine and dietary management in hypercholesterolemic patients, and the effects of atheroma developing in the femoral artery will be followed by a quantitative angiographic technique. A randomly selected control group is also being managed by dietary therapy and cholestyramine, but receives placebo instead of probucol. The treatment time in this double-blind trial is 3 years, and femoral angiography is performed yearly. Detailed lipoprotein and apolipoprotein analysis are performed at monthly intervals. The basic study design is described here, and some results from the open prerandomization phase of the study are presented.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1988

Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial: new angiographic technique to measure atheroma volume of the femoral artery.

The Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial is studying the development of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic patients through the use of digitized femoral arteriographic examinations. In a 20-cm segment of the femoral artery, cross-sectional areas are calculated using an algorithm that was introduced by Hilal and Crawford. Changes in atheroma volume are measured in repeat arteriographic examinations. This report describes the radiologic technique, the scanning procedure and the image analysis.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1988

Effects of intravenous contrast media on cortical and medullary blood flow in the rat kidney.

The effect of slow intravenous infusion of contrast medium (CM) (1600 mg I/kg body weight) on cortical blood flow (BF) and medullary BF in rat kidneys was investigated by laser-Doppler flowmetry on either renal cortex or exposed renal papillas (inner medulla). The effect on cortical BF was evaluated after infusion of either ioxaglate, iohexol, or ioxithalamate. Mannitol and Ringer's solution were used as control substances. The effect on medullary BF was examined after infusion of either ioxaglate, iohexol, iopamidol, ioxithalamate, or mannitol. BF was measured continuously during a 30-minute control period and a 60-minute experimental period, starting with the CM infusion. Cortical BF was unchanged in the ioxaglate group and significantly increased in the iohexol, ioxithalamate, and mannitol groups (P less than .05). Medullary BF was moderately increased in the ioxaglate group (P less than .05) but moderately decreased in the groups that received iohexol, iopamidol, ioxithalamate, or mannitol (P less than .05). The reduction in medullary BF following infusion of the ratio 3.0 nonionic CM and of the ratio 1.5 ionic CM might be one contributory mechanism to the pathogenesis of CM nephropathy, especially in the presence of microangiopathy in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the exercise electrocardiogram in assessing the degree of coronary heart disease.

Exercise-induced changes in the ST segments of the electrocardiogram were compared with the results of coronary arteriography in 73 consecutive patients referred for preoperative evaluation of coronary artery disease. Eighteen patients had single-, 25 double-, and 30 triple-vessel disease. Thirteen were taking digitalis alone, 28 were taking beta blockers alone, 21 had beta blockers and digitalis and 11 had no cardiac drugs. Exercise induced elevation of the ST segment in 11 patients, all with a predominant lesion in the left anterior descending coronary artery. ST depression with an upsloping ST segment was observed in patients with one-, two-, and three-vessel disease and it was the most common type of ST change in patients with single-vessel disease. Horizontal ST depression was most common in two-vessel disease and downsloping ST segment in three-vessel disease. There was a good correlation between the number of stenosed vessels and ST changes caused by exercise, expressed as the sum of ST segment displacements in twelve leads recorded immediately after the end of exercise (sigma/ST/) or as ST depression per unit increase in heart rate during exercise ("m" (ST/HR]. The latter was obtained by linear regression of ST displacement and heart rate measured at three or four different workloads in the lead with the greatest displacement of the ST segment. The mean values of sigma/ST/ were 0.58 +- 0.030 mV in single-vessel, 0.97 +- 0.41 mV in double-vessel and 1.58 +- 0. 46 mV in triple-vessel disease. The mean values of "m" (ST/HR) were 0.0024 +- 0.0013 mV X min-1 X beat-1 in single-vessel, 0.0042 +- 0.0012 in double-vessel, and 0.0078 +- 0.0033 in triple-vessel disease. These differences were highly significant (p less than 0.01 - 0.001) and there was only minimal overlap between the single- and triple-vessel groups. Digitalis caused a slight (statistically nonsignificant) increase in sigma/ST/ but not in "m" (ST/HR).

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

Value of chest radiography in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

In a prospective investigation of 19 patients with traumatic (n = 11) and septic (n = 8) shock at risk of developing the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), serial chest films were monitored. Eight patients developed ARDS, 2 following traumatic shock and 6 following septic shock. Only 2 of these 8 patients exhibited radiographic abnormalities consisting in bilateral widespread infiltrates of the alveolar type. In the 2 patients ARDS had already developed before artificial ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was instituted. In the other 6 patients, in whom ventilator treatment with PEEP was initiated prophylactically or early in the disease, the chest films remained virtually normal despite development of a marked pulmonary insufficiency. It is concluded that early ventilator treatment with PEEP counteracts the classical radiographic abnormalities of ARDS, probably by reducing alveolar oedema and atelectasis. Thus, presently, with use of early or prophylactic ventilator treatment with PEEP as a therapeutic measure against ARDS chest radiography may be of limited value in the diagnosis. However, it should be essential for early recognition of therapy requiring complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Catheter pericardiocentesis in the postoperative period.

Catheter pericardiocentesis was performed under fluoroscopy in 52 cases. Differentiated localized injection of contrast medium was of value for inserting the needle to a suitable site in the pericardial sac. The catheter tip could be positioned in different fluid filled compartments.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Measurement of regional lung blood flow by videodensitometry.

The pulmonary blood flow in patients with embolism, emphysema or a tumour of the lung was measured by videodensitometry in 27 lungs from 17 patients. The results suggest that the relative regional and total lung blood flow can easily be estimated. It is also easy to demonstrate abnormalities in the distribution of the lung blood flow. The mean transit time in the normal lung is considered to be 1.5 to 4 seconds.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1983

Serial pulmonary angiography in rats with pulmonary damage due to intravascular coagulation.

Serial pulmonary angiography was performed in 30 rats with pulmonary damage caused by injection of a fibrinolysis inhibitor, tranexamic acid (200 mg/kg body weight injected intraperitoneally) and bovine thrombin (500 NIH/kg body weight injected into the right atrium or ventricle). The degree of inhomogeneity of the capillary phase was graded and compared with that in a group of normal rats. Changes in the capillary phase were well correlated to other signs of lung trauma, namely increase in lung weight and microscopic occurrence of interstitial and alveolar oedema and of intravascular fibrin deposits. Increased lung weight similarly was found to be well correlated to increased interstitial oedema. It had also a distinct relationship to increased inhomogeneity of the capillary phase. The disturbance of the capillary phase may have been caused by mechanical blockage due to intravascular coagulation with microembolism, and interstitial oedema, vasospasm of precapillary arteries, or by arteriovenous shunting. Inhomogeneity of the capillary phase is consistent with a gross change in the ventilation/perfusion ratio, which could explain arterial hypoxaemia observed in other investigations.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

On the pathophysiology of left ventricular aneurysm. An analysis by cineangiography and videodensitometry.

In 16 patients with left ventricular aneurysm, ventriculography has been performed and recorded upon videotape. By means of videodensitometer the ejection fraction of the total ventricle and its parts have been analysed. The videodensitometric result explained the ejection fraction pattern which is caused by the moment of the contrast medium in different parts of the ventricle. The regurgitation phenomenon in the contractile and non-contractile parts of the ventricle is explained by a turbulent movement of contrast medium between the different parts of the ventricle. This turbulence should be included in the criteria of a left ventricular aneurysm.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1982

Computerized quantitation of atherosclerosis in an experimental model. Arteriography and microdensitometry.

Model investigations for computerized quantitation of atherosclerotic plaques by a combination of arteriography and microdensitometry were performed. The correlation between real and densitometrically determined plaque volumes was high (r = 0.987) in examinations of randomly distributed plaques. The results indicate that this method can be useful in the clinical examination of patients with atherosclerosis.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Infectious mediastinitis with an aortic aneurysm. A surgically treated case.

A patient presented with fever and a mediastinal mass. Aortography revealed a small aneurysm within the mass. At thoracic surgery a mediastinal abscess with a ruptured aortic aneurysm was found. The resected part of the aorta was successfully replaced with a graft and the patient survived for ten days, finally succumbing from the grave infection but with a functioning graft. Multiple sections revealed a necrotic tumour with solid cancer cells from an undifferentiated carcinoma, explaining the pathogenesis of the mediastinitis as well as the lack of cure with antibiotic treatment.

Abscess↗