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Biomedical subjects

U Busto

Publications and source records attributed to U Busto.

41 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Furosemide-induced adverse reactions during hospitalization.

The frequency and types of adverse reactions (ARs) occurring in hospitalized patients receiving furosemide were surveyed prospectively in a four-year study at the José Joaquin Aquirre Hospital in Santiago, Chile. A team of clinical pharmacists and clinical pharmacologists monitored 533 patients receiving furosemide and recorded patient characteristics, laboratory test results, drugs administered, and suspected ARs. Definite or probably furosemide-induced ARs were detected in 220 (39.8%) patients. No ARs were fatal but 7.6% of patients, all having cirrhosis of the liver, had severe ARs. Of the ARs recorded, 95.2% were dose-related. The most common ARs were electrolyte disturbances (23.5% of patients), extracellular volume depletion (9.0% of patients) and hepatic comma (3.6% of patients). Total and daily furosemide doses, lengthened hospitalization and hepatic disease were significantly associated with the frequency of ARs (p less than 0.001). The dosage of furosemide did not account for the increased frequency of ARs in patients with hepatic disease. The frequency of hypokalemia was not reduced significantly when furosemide was administered with potassium chloride or potassium-sparing diuretics (p less than 0.05). The frequency of severe furosemide-induced ARs is low, but ARs are more common in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. These patients should be closely monitored for furosemide-induced ARs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetic determinants of drug abuse and dependence. A conceptual perspective.

Drugs that produce physical dependence or have similar pharmacological profiles to highly abused drugs are unlikely to be considered acceptable for marketing. Thus, the prediction of abuse and dependence becomes an important issue in the development of new psychotropic drugs. Both pharmacokinetic and non-pharmacokinetic factors play an important role in predicting dependence and abuse liability of drugs. Evidence for the importance of pharmacological factors includes: the demonstration of drug binding to receptors of abused drugs; tolerance; ability to maintain self-administration; and spontaneous or antagonist precipitated withdrawal. The pharmacokinetic properties that presumably contribute to persistent self-administration and abuse include rapid delivery of drug to the central nervous system (CNS), rapid absorption, low protein binding and high free drug clearance. The pharmacokinetic properties of a drug associated with dependence will include long half-life, low free drug clearance and presence of the drug in the body at high enough concentrations and for sufficient time to permit tolerance to develop. These properties have important clinical implications for treatment and research in the area of abuse and dependence liability of psychoactive drugs.

Biological Availability↗