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Biomedical subjects

U Batzdorf

Publications and source records attributed to U Batzdorf.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

MR imaging of the cervical spine: neurovascular anatomy.

High-resolution surface-coil MR imaging reveals intricate anatomic detail of the cervical spinal canal and its neurovascular contents. Appreciation of the normal neurovascular anatomy provides a scientific foundation for the detection of disease. Sagittal, axial, and oblique MR images of normal subjects were correlated with comparable anatomic sections obtained with a cryomicrotome whole-organ sectioning technique. The anterior epidural venous plexus is a prominent structure in the cervical spinal canal and was consistently identified both with cryomicrotomy and with MR in sagittal and axial planes. Epidural veins can be displaced and distorted in patients with cervical disk disease. Nerve roots including dorsal and ventral rootlets were consistently identified on axial images coursing through the subarachnoid space. Oblique-plane imaging showed nerve roots "en face" in their respective foramina; this may be a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of nerve root impingement.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1986

Sphenoid sinus mucocele (anterior clinoid variant) mimicking diabetic ophthalmoplegia and retrobulbar neuritis.

Two patients (two men, 56 and 59 years old) had sphenoid sinus mucocele originating in the anterior clinoid process. In one case the mucocele initially mimicked diabetic ophthalmoplegia with pupil-sparing palsy of the oculomotor (third) nerve. After resolution of the palsy, severe visual loss developed with minimal recovery of vision after surgery. The second patient had recurrent episodes of retrobulbar optic neuropathy with optic atrophy and decreased vision. Visual loss from sphenoid sinus mucoceles is usually associated with a poor prognosis if surgical treatment is delayed more than seven to ten days.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between arterial blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels in a patient with neurogenic hypertension.

This study examined the relationship between arterial blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine levels during 12 hours of monitored sleep in a 35-year-old man in whom neurogenic hypertension developed immediately after surgical removal of a large hemangioblastoma at the obex region of the cervical-medullary junction. Plasma norepinephrine levels throughout the 12-hour sampling period correlated (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01) with mean arterial blood pressures, suggesting that sleep-related changes in blood pressure were dependent on associated changes in sympathetic nervous system activity in this patient with neurogenic hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Carotid-cavernous fistula following nasopharyngeal biopsy.

A middle-aged man with a cervical lymph node metastasis underwent nasopharyngeal biopsy in search of the primary tumor. Following biopsy his eye became swollen and painful with unilateral loss of vision. A carotid-cavernous fistula was demonstrated, as was deficient ossification at the base of the skull. The fistula was successfully treated with balloon embolization.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1983

Surgical exposure of the high cervical carotid artery: experimental study and review.

Difficulty in gaining access to the high cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) has thus far prevented effective operation for intimal repair and treatment of aneurysms at this level. Mobilization of the angle of the mandible by means of mandibular osteotomies considerably improves exposure to the high cervical ICA. This procedure has been performed in rhesus monkeys and in human cadavers. In monkeys, retromandibular external carotid artery-ICA anastomoses were carried out with no problems (neurological, wound healing, or other). This new technique should be considered for the management of some high cervical ICA lesions, particularly those occurring after closed cervical trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Successful treatment of spinal arachnoiditis due to coccidioidomycosis. Case report.

An unusual case is reported of a patient with spastic paraparesis who was found to have severe spinal arachnoiditis due to Coccidioides immitis. Despite an obstructive hydrocephalus and a spinal subarachnoid block, the patient was treated effectively with surgery (shunting) and antifungal therapy (amphotericin and ketoconazole). He remains asymptomatic 3 years after diagnosis. Aggressive surgical and medical treatment of coccidioidal infection of the central nervous system can be beneficial, even in patients with the worst prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Use of metrizamide for percutaneous cordotomy. Technical note.

Demonstration of the anterior surface of the spinal cord is an important step in performing a percutaneous cordotomy. Metrizamide has been found to be a superior agent for this purpose, permitting visualization of the cord shadow in the anteroposterior as well as the lateral projection, and thereby also enabling the surgeon to visualize displacement of the spinal cord during the procedure. Tissue impedance and spinal cord stimulation techniques are used in conjunction with metrizamide. No adverse effects have resulted from the use of this technique.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Comparisons of carmustine, procarbazine, and high-dose methylprednisolone as additions to surgery and radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant glioma.

Within 3 weeks of definitive surgery, 609 patients with histologically demonstrated, supratentorial malignant glioma were randomized to receive, in addition to 6000 rads of radiotherapy, one of four treatment regimens: carmustine (BCNU), high-dose methylprednisolone, procarbazine, or BCNU plus high-dose methylprednisolone. We analyzed the data for the total randomized population and for the 527 patients (87% with glioblastoma multiforme) in whom the initial protocol specifications were met (the valid study group). Significantly longer survival was experienced by patients receiving procarbazine or BCNU alone compared to those receiving only high-dose methylprednisolone. No other pairwise comparisons demonstrated differences significant at the 0.05 level. However, the combination of BCNU plus high-dose methylprednisolone tended to be less effective than BCNU alone in patients with poor prognosis. This study indicates that BCNU and procarbazine are moderately useful agents in conjunction with radiotherapy for patients with malignant glioma. In addition, future protocols may allow use of corticosteroids in conventional dosages for treating cerebral edema and controlling symptoms; conclusions based on survival as the endpoint are unlikely to be affected by administering steroids at somewhat greater than the usual dose. More effective regimens for the treatment of malignant glioma should be sought.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery.

Within three weeks of definitive surgical intervention, 467 patients with histologically proved malignant glioma were randomized to receive one of four treatment regimens: semustine (MeCCNU), radiotherapy, carmustine (BCNU) plus radiotherapy, or semustine plus radiotherapy. We analyzed the data for the total randomized population and for the 358 patients in whom the initial protocol specifications were met (the valid study group). Observed toxicity included acceptable skin reactions secondary to radiotherapy and reversible leukopenia and thrombocytopenia due to chemotherapy. Radiotherapy used alone or in combination with a nitrosourea significantly improved survival in comparison with semustine alone. The group receiving carmustine plus radiotherapy had the best survival, but the difference in survival between the groups receiving carmustine plus radiotherapy and semustine plus radiotherapy was not statistically significant. The combination of carmustine plus radiotherapy produced a modest benefit in long-term (18-month) survival as compared with radiotherapy alone, although the difference between survival curves was not significiant at the 0.05 level. This study suggests that it is best to use radiotherapy in the post-surgical treatment of malignant glioma and to continue the search for an effective chemotherapeutic regimen to use in addition to radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Blunt trauma to the high cervical carotid artery.

Closed injuries to the neck, occasionally associated with mandibular fractures, can result in trauma to the internal carotid artery at the high cervical level opposite the uppermost cervical vertebrae. Such arterial injuries range from spasm to intimal tear with thrombus formation, medial tear, and aneurysm formation. These types of lesions may overlap. Ten patients are presented, five with traumatic carotid occlusions and five with traumatic aneurysms. The clinical diagnosis of traumatic cervical carotid occlusion may be difficult because of the absence of physical trauma to the neck. The diagnosis of aneurysm poses fewer problems. Oculopneumoplethysmography, computerized tomographic head scanning, and carotid arteriography with cross compression are the most useful diagnostic techniques. Thrombectomy should be carried out early, particularly in the presence of fluctuating neurological signs. Aneurysms that cannot be approached directly may necessitate carotid ligation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Neurologic complications of gas myelography by the lumbar route.

Gas myelography is not a new technique, but its acceptance in neuroradiologic diagnosis has been relatively recent. Previously reported series have emphasized the benign nature of this technique and the lack of significant accompanying complications. From a series of 174 gas myelograms performed during a four-year period, two reports are presented wherein transient exacerbation of neurologic deficit followed exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and gas under pressure by the lumbar route. One patient with cervical spondylotic myelopathy experienced an increase in paresis, while another was found to have marked fasciculations. Speculation regarding possible mechanisms involved with these complications is presented. It is suggested that exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and gas under pressure via the lumbar route be used with caution in those patients with compromised cervical spinal cords.

Female↗