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Biomedical subjects

U Althaus

Publications and source records attributed to U Althaus.

158 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Thoracoscopic wedge resection.

Thoracoscopic surgery is decidedly expanded by the ability to perform pulmonary wedge resections of the lung by using the Endo-GIA-stapler. In addition to thoracoscopic biopsies, since July 1991 we have carried out wedge resections in 12 patients suffering from spontaneous pneumothorax (nine) or peripheral bronchial carcinoma (three). Postoperatively one air fistula persisted over 9 days. The chest tube was removed within 48 h in all other patients. There was no other major complication. The postoperative hospitalization period lasted 4.6 days (1-9 days). Operating time was 44 min (30-70 min). The benefit for the patient consists in the little-impaired breathing mechanics, the short hospital stay, and the favorable cosmetic result.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of sulfinpyrazone on infarct size, hemodynamics, and arrhythmia following coronary occlusion in the pig.

We compared infarct size (nitroblue tetrazolium method), hemodynamic variables, and arrhythmias of a group of seven sulfinpyrazone-treated pigs (30 mg/kg/day for 7 days preoperatively, 30 mg/kg/i.v. 30 min before coronary ligation) with a control group of seven animals. Infarct size after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was 20.3 +/- 1.1% in the sulfinpyrazone group and 20.3 +/- 0.5% in the control group. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume were comparable in both groups before and for 60 min following ligation. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of premature ventricular contractions the PVC grade (Lown) or in the number of episodes of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation during the 30-min observation period. We conclude that short-term administration of sulfinpyrazone has no effect on infarct size or arrhythmias in the acutely ischemic myocardium of the pig.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Major lower extremity amputation in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency with special reference to the transgenicular amputation.

The selection of the proper level for lower extremity amputation in patients with advanced arterial ischemia poses a multiplicity of problems with regard to operative mortality, stump healing, re-amputation rate and rehabilitation status. In a retrospective study all these parameters have been evaluated in 413 patients submitted to below-knee (bk, n = 196), transgenicular (tg, n = 93) and above-knee (ak, n = 124) amputation between 1971 and 1980. As compared to the ak resection, the bk amputation has the following advantages: lower operative mortality (9% vs. 30.5%), higher prosthetic fitting rate (85% vs. 66%) and significantly improved rehabilitation (walking with artificial limb: bk 84%, ak 22%). Regarding surgical mortality (8.5%) and prosthetic gait (66%), the tg amputation was nearly equivalent to the bk resection and turned out to be clearly superior to the ak amputation. As compared to the latter procedure, knee disarticulation and bk amputation had a greater risk of delayed wound healing and re-amputation at a higher level (ak: 13.5 resp. 1%, tg: 22.5 resp. 25%, bk: 35% resp. 16%). The patient with a bk amputation has the best prospect concerning a successful rehabilitation. Whenever the very important knee joint cannot be saved an ak amputation should be avoided in favour of a knee disarticulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessing myocardial rejection in the transplanted rat heart.

Traditionally, detection of heart rejection after heart transplantation is based on histologic grading of endomyocardial biopsy specimens. The value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining heart rejection was assessed in rejecting and nonrejecting isografts and allografts using energy-rich phosphate spectroscopy. In 46 rats a heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation was performed, and animals were divided into the following groups: six isografts (no rejection), five untreated allografts (severe rejection), and 35 immunosuppressed allografts (mild to moderate rejection). One week after transplantation magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed, and data were correlated to histologic findings (rejection grades according to Stanford and the New International Working Formulation classifications and relative volume of viable myocardium). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows detection of moderate to severe rejection with significant alterations in the energy-rich phosphates such as a decrease in the ratio of phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate, phosphomonoester/inorganic phosphate, and beta-adenosine triphosphate/inorganic phosphate. A significant correlation was found between spectroscopic changes (phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate) and histologic rejection (correlation coefficient r = 0.47, p < 0.005) and/or the amount of relative volume of viable myocardium and phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate (r = 0.58) or beta-adenosine triphosphate/inorganic phosphate (r = 0.63), respectively. In conclusion magnetic resonance spectroscopy permits detection of moderate to severe degrees of heart rejection with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 61%. Changes in the energy-rich phosphates correlate with the histologic grading of heart rejection and the relative volume of viable myocardium. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy appeared to be a valid technique for detecting myocardial rejection after heart transplantation in the reported experimental model.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗