Biomedical subjects

Toyohi Isse

Publications and source records attributed to Toyohi Isse.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Diminished alcohol preference in transgenic mice lacking aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 plays a major role in the detoxification of aldehyde and is known to be responsible for alcohol preference. A diminished enzyme activity due to mutation of the Aldh2 gene is associated with high alcohol sensitivity and a low alcohol tolerance in humans. The genomic background distinguishing an alcohol preference and avoidance in various inbred mouse strains is not clear. We created Aldh2-negative mice by transgenic knockout of the Aldh2 gene into the high alcohol preference C57BL/6 background. The Aldh2 gene targeting (Aldh-/-) mice exhibited an alcohol avoidance characteristic. After free-choice ethanol and water drinking, brain and liver acetaldehyde concentrations of Aldh2-/- mice were almost equal to those of wild-type (Aldh2+/+) mice although the Aldh2-/- mice drank less ethanol than the Aldh2+/+ mice. This result indicates that a direct effect of the Aldh2 genotype plays an important role on alcohol preference and acetaldehyde concentration in the brain is correlated with alcohol avoidance. This highlights the potential benefits of alcoholism and alcohol-related disease research in the animal model of ALDH2 alleles.

Acetaldehyde↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A case-case study comparing the usefulness of serum trace elements (Cu, Zn and Se) and tumor markers (CEA, SCC and SLX) in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

UNLABELLED: Serum copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) the Cu/Zn ratio (Cu/Zn) and selenium (Se) were evaluated in 84 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before surgery. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and sialyl Lewis X-i antigen (SLX) levels were also determined in the same cases. The cut-off values of Cu, Zn and Se were established to create two categories with equal numbers of patients. We investigated the clinical and prognostic usefulness of assays of serum trace elements (Cu, Zn, Cu/Zn and Se) and compared levels of serum trace elements and serum tumor markers (CEA, SCC and SLX) in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we evaluated the usefulness of serum trace elements, when compared with tumor markers, in assessing prognosis for NSCLC. IN CONCLUSION: (1) a preoperative increase in Cu/Zn level predicted tumor progression more effectively than changes in Cu or Zn levels; (2) Se levels seemed to vary with age, but there was no relationship between Se level and disease stage; (3) the measurement of Cu/Zn was useful for assessing both prognosis and extent of the disease in NSCLC patients, similar to the measurement of serum tumor markers such as CEA; and (4) the measurement of the Cu/Zn had prognostic significance, but was inferior to disease stage in predicting outcome. Cu and Zn in serum are storable and the determination of Cu/Zn level is so simple and inexpensive that it can be helpful in determining clinical stages and predicting the prognoses of NSCLC patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence-based prevention (EBP): approach to lung cancer prevention based on cytochrome 1A1 and cytochrome 2E1 polymorphism.

Now that the human genome has been sequenced, we consider that combinations of 3 to 10 million polymorphic loci scattered throughout the genome contribute to individual differences. Genetic polymorphism analysis is useful for the made-to-order medical treatment of patients and the prevention of disease onset in normal healthy individuals. Individually-tailored disease prevention based on findings such as genetic polymorphism analysis results can be grasped by the concept of evidence-based prevention (EBP). In this paper we outline cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 2E1 polymorphism-related differences in metabolic activation of carcinogens in relation to the risk of lung cancer, and explain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We also compare the reports to date on SNP types in CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 in relation to the risk of lung cancer with our study results, examine survival rates of lung cancer patients by CYP1A1 or CYP2E1 genotype and discuss the applicability of SNP research to EBP.

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1↗