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Biomedical subjects

Toshihiko Kinoshita

Publications and source records attributed to Toshihiko Kinoshita.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

EEG Global Field Power spectrum changes after a single dose of atypical antipsychotics in healthy volunteers.

Effects of four novel atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, perospirone, quetiapine, and risperidone) on scalp-recorded multi-channel EEGs were compared with two conventional antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine and haloperidol) and placebo in 14 healthy male volunteers. All subjects went through seven sessions. In each session, EEGs were recorded before and 2, 4 and 6 hours after drug administration. Global Field Power (GFP) in delta frequency band (1.5-6 Hz) increased around the time of peak serum concentration of quetiapine and risperidone compared to baseline. The increase of GFP in delta activity after quetiapine was significantly prominent in comparison to two other atypical antipsychotic drugs, perospirone and olanzapine, as well as to typical antipsychotic drugs, chlorpromazine and haloperidol (p<0.05). The increase in GFP of delta after risperidone was more prominent in comparison to after haloperidol (p<0.05). The greater sedative effects after quetiapine and risperidone may reflect the high affinity to A1 and H1 receptor bindings of these drugs. According to Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA), olanzapine increased the delta in the posterior region indicating a frontal shift of brain activity, suggesting that olanzapine may be useful against negative symptoms in schizophrenics.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Global approach to multichannel electroencephalogram analysis for diagnosis and clinical evaluation in mild Alzheimer's disease.

To establish an early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we evaluated brain spatial dynamics and cognitive function in mild AD. Seventeen patients with the diagnosis of mild AD and 17 age-matched controls were examined for Omega (global complexity), Sigma (total power) and Phi (generalized frequency) by 19-channel electroencephalography (EEG). As a result, the mild AD group showed significantly higher Omega values than the control group. The Phi values were highly correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores and the full IQ and performance IQ scores of the Japanese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised. These results indicate an increase in spatial complexity of the brain electric field in mild AD, as well as a close relationship between slowing of the global frequency of field changes and the cognitive decline in mild AD.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Subtle disruption of the middle cerebellar peduncles in patients with schizophrenia.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to investigate subtle disruption in the middle cerebellar peduncles in patients with schizophrenia. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured in 25 patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy subjects using DTI. The FA of the right and left middle cerebellar peduncles was significantly lower in the schizophrenic patients compared to healthy subjects. FA in the left middle cerebellar peduncles was significantly correlated with the dosage of neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia. There were no significant differences of mean diffusivity in the right and left middle cerebellar peduncles between patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects. The findings of the study suggest that antipsychotics may improve the subtle disruption in the middle cerebellar peduncles in patients with schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Inter- and intraoperator reliability of brain tissue measures using magnetic resonance imaging.

Grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal volume in the human brain were measured using magnetic resonance image analysis software BRAINS. Ten volunteers were scanned in the MR sequence (3D-SPGR; 1.5-mm slice thickness and T2 images; 3mm slice thickness). Two operators obtained ten volume measures of grey matter,white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the intracranial box, frontal box, temporal box, parietal box and occipital box. The same data set of ten scans was segmented and the volumes measured on a second occasion by one operator using the same procedure. The interoperator and intraoperator reliabilities for measures of the three brain tissues were very good, with reliability coefficients (intraclass correlation coefficients) ranging between 0.971 and 0.999. The segmentation and measurement are useful for volumetric studies in the human brain using BRAINS.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The level of pre-heparin serum lipoprotein lipase mass at different stages of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mass is present in pre-heparin serum, although its activity is rarely detected. To clarify the dynamics of pre-heparin LPL mass during pregnancy, we studied the relationship between pre-heparin LPL mass and lipids in normal pregnant women. METHODS: Pre-heparin LPL mass and serum lipid levels were measured in 99 pregnant women during all three trimesters. RESULTS: When compared with the first and second trimesters, a significant decrease in pre-heparin LPL mass was observed in the third trimester. Plasma triglycerides were negatively correlated with pre-heparin LPL mass (r=-0.30; p<0.05). In contrast, LDL-C, HDL-C and total cholesterol did not exhibit a statistically significant correlation. CONCLUSION: The decrease in pre-heparin LPL mass is manifested only during the third trimester.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Dynamics of brain electric field during recall of Salpuri dance performance.

The brain wave activity of a professional Salpuri dancer was observed while the subject recalled her performance of the Salpuri dance when sitting in a chair with closed eyes. As she recalled the feeling of the ecstatic trance state induced by the dance, an increase in alpha brain activity was observed together with marked frontal midline theta activity. Compared to a resting state, the dynamics of the electrical activity in the brain showed an increase in the global field power integral and a decrease in generalized frequency and spatial complexity.

Adult↗