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Biomedical subjects

Tomoyuki Kawada

Publications and source records attributed to Tomoyuki Kawada.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Ankle-brachial blood pressure index predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients.

A reduction in ankle-brachial BP index (ABPI) is associated with generalized atherosclerotic diseases and predicts cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in several patient populations. However, a large-scale analysis of ABPI is lacking for hemodialysis (HD) patients, and its use in this population is not fully validated. A cohort of 1010 Japanese patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis was studied between November 1999 and May 2002. Mean age at entry was 60.6 +/- 12.5 yr, and duration of follow-up was 22.3 +/- 5.6 mo. Patients were stratified into five groups (< 0.9, > or = 0.9 to < 1.0, > or = 1.0 to < 1.1, > or = 1.1 to < 1.3, and > or = 1.3) by ABPI measured at entry by an oscillometric method. The frequency distribution of ABPI was 16.5% of patients < 0.9, 8.6% of patients > or = 0.9 to < 1.0, 16.9% of patients 1.0 > or = to < 1.1, and 47.0% of patients > or 1.1 to < 1.3, whereas 10.9% of patients had an abnormally high ABPI (> or = 1.3). The relative risk of a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease was significantly higher in patients with lower ABPI than those with ABPI > or = 1.1 to <1.3. During the study period, 77 cardiovascular and 41 noncardiovascular fatal events occurred. On the basis of Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, ABPI emerged as a strong independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. After adjustment for confounding variables, the hazard ratio (HR) for ABPI < 0.9 was 4.04 (95% confidence interval, 2.38 to 6.95) for all-cause mortality and 5.90 (2.83 to 12.29) for cardiovascular mortality. Even those with modest reductions in the ABPI (> or = 0.9 to <1.1) appeared to be at increased risk. Patients having abnormally high ABPI (> or = 1.3) also had poor prognosis (HR, 2.33 [1.11 to 4.89] and 3.04 [1.14 to 8.12] for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively). Thus, the present findings validate ABPI as a powerful and independent predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among hemodialysis patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Copper in carrots by soil type and area in Japan: a baseline study.

The copper content in carrots cultivated in the Japanese archipelago was assessed and compared by area and soil type. 373 carrot samples were collected from 232 cities, towns and villages. According to geographical features and vegetation, the sampling sites were divided into 9 provinces and 7 soil types. Copper was measured by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. There was a significant difference in the mean values of copper in carrots by provinces, but not by soil type. Although the content of copper in the soil was different among soil types, the difference did not influence the content of copper in the carrots. The authors speculate that the low solubility of copper in the soil and the low intake into plant roots from the soil are related to this soil-plant discrepancy.

Copper↗
PubMed2002

Monitoring sleep hours using a sleep diary and errors in rotating shiftworkers.

The sleep hours of male workers on rotating shift schedules were measured using a sleep diary. The mean age of workers was 40.3 years. Work shifts were rotated on a weekly basis and fell into three periods: morning, evening, and night. One working week consisted of 5 days. Errors that occurred during the work were also evaluated. A significant difference in the mean length of sleep was observed for each of the three shifts. Compared with the morning shift, the length of sleep for workers working evening and night shifts were significantly longer. The error of workers was not recognized in three rotating shift schedules in the survey period. Rotating shiftwork affects the amount of sleep, but not the event of error.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Factors influencing bone fractures in severely disabled persons.

OBJECTIVES: Factors affecting bone fracture in severely disabled persons were evaluated. DESIGN: Bone mineral density was measured, and the ratio against the average values in healthy subjects was calculated. Seventy-three subjects were selected from among 113 inpatients with severe mental and physical handicaps. The subjects were classified into four levels of mobility. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the contribution of variables to the history of bone fracture. Age, medication of sodium valproate, and bone mineral density percentage were found to significantly affect bone fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Increase of bone mineral density is the protective or preventive factor in bone fracture.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-rated health and life prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Effects of self-rated health on survival using prospective surveys were evaluated during the past 20 years mainly in Europe and the US. An overview on this field of research was necessary to know the range of risk ratio (RR) of poor self-rated health. METHODS: The MEDLINE database from 1982 until the end of 2001 was assessed. Self-rated health, mortality, and associated terms were used as key words and information retrieval was executed. After reference papers were broadly collected, 30 papers that included relative risk or odds ratio (OR) to express risk of poor self-rated health on survival were precisely reviewed. RR or OR of poor self-rated health against excellent self-rated health-controlling factors also recognized as relating to survival was calculated in these papers using multiple logistic regression or Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was frequently used in the first 10 years and Cox regression analysis was subsequently adopted in the following 10 years. Nearly one half of the study subjects were followed up for 5 years or less, and two thirds of the studies had a target population <5,000 persons. Mortality was largely dependent on age and ranged from 4.6 to 33%. When 54 data with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were checked, statistical significance was observed in 41 data (75.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Self-rated health is an independent predictor of survival that controls for other related health indicators or covariates. These types of research should be conducted not only in Western countries, but also in other areas including Japan.

Adolescent↗