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Biomedical subjects

Todd B Kashdan

Publications and source records attributed to Todd B Kashdan.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Depression and anxiety in parents of children with ADHD and varying levels of oppositional defiant behaviors: modeling relationships with family functioning.

This study investigated the relation between parental anxiety and family functioning. Parental anxiety and depression, child attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms were all included as predictors of 3 measures of family functioning to examine the independent contributions of each. Using a self-report battery completed by 45 mother-father pairs, 3 family functioning factors were derived: Parental Warmth and Positive Involvement, Intrusiveness and Negative Discipline, and Social Distress. Multilevel modeling simultaneously estimated the unique contributions of parental and child symptoms on family functioning. Results indicated that parental anxiety was negatively associated with Parental Warmth and Positive Involvement, Intrusiveness and Negative Discipline, and Social Distress; parental depression was only negatively associated with Social Distress. Child ODD symptoms had independent associations with all outcomes; no relations were found with ADHD. Sex moderated the effects of parental anxiety on Parental Warmth and Positive Involvement such that only for mothers did greater anxiety lead to less Parental Warmth and Positive Involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An examination of indirect risk of exposure to HIV among wives of substance-abusing men.

The purpose of the present investigation was to explore risk and preventive behaviors for potential HIV exposure among 362 married drug-abusing men entering outpatient treatment and their wives. During the year before entering treatment, 144 husbands (40%) reported they had engaged in sexual or drug use behaviors that placed them at high risk for HIV exposure. Nearly all of the wives of these husbands (n=138, 96%) reported they had sexual intercourse with their spouses during this same time period. Among these sexually active couples, 108 of the wives (78%) reported that condoms were not regularly used when they had intercourse with their spouses, thus placing them at high risk for indirect exposure to HIV. Seventy-seven (71%) of these 108 wives reported they were not aware their husbands had engaged in high risk behaviors and thus were unknowingly placed at high risk for indirect exposure to HIV. Among those couples with husbands who had engaged in a high risk behavior, longer marriages, a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder for husbands, and wives' lack of knowledge of husbands' high risk behaviors were uniquely associated with an increased likelihood of wives being placed at high risk for indirect exposure to HIV.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The feasibility of using cellular phones to collect ecological momentary assessment data: application to alcohol consumption.

The limitations of paper-and-pencil self-monitoring (PM) are leading to the use of more sophisticated techniques. PM was compared with cellular phone monitoring (CM) to collect ecological momentary assessment data on alcohol use. Twenty social drinkers were randomly assigned to the 2 groups, and their drinking was monitored for 14 days. PM participants recorded data on cards. CM participants carried telephones and responded to an interactive voice response system. The authors found few significant group differences in alcohol use, compliance with the self-monitoring, and satisfaction. However, CM had useful advantages, including instantaneous entry of data into a central database, date and time stamping of data, and easy integration into daily life. Although preliminary, this study suggests that CM is a promising alternative to PM.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Behavioral couples therapy for drug-abusing patients: effects on partner violence.

Using data from a previous investigation, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of Behavioral Couples Therapy (BCT) on the prevalence of partner violence among married or cohabiting substance-abusing men (N = 80). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either BCT or individual-based treatment (IBT). The proportion of couples who engaged in male-to-female physical aggression was not different during the year before treatment for dyads in BCT (n = 17, 43%) and IBT (n = 19, 48%). However, a smaller proportion of couples in the BCT condition reported male-to-female physical aggression during the year after treatment (n = 7, 18%) than those in the IBT condition (n = 17, 43%). Dyadic adjustment, frequency of heavy drinking, and frequency of drug use during the year after treatment mediated the relationship between type of treatment and the prevalence of male-to-female physical aggression.

Adult↗