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Biomedical subjects

Thomas A D'Amico

Publications and source records attributed to Thomas A D'Amico.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Improved survival with pulmonary metastasectomy: an analysis of 1720 patients with pulmonary metastatic melanoma.

OBJECTIVES: The outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma are poor. Although prognostic models have been developed to predict the occurrence of pulmonary metastasis from cutaneous melanoma, few data exist to define the outcomes of these patients once metastasis has occurred. The objective of this study was to discriminate predictors of survival for patients with pulmonary metastatic melanoma. METHODS: We found 1720 patients with pulmonary metastasis listed in a prospective comprehensive cancer center database of 14,057 consecutive patients with melanoma (Jan 1, 1970-June 1, 2004). Demographic and histopathologic data, time and location of recurrences, number of pulmonary nodules, and subsequent therapies were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of survival for patients with pulmonary metastatic melanoma. RESULTS: The median survival was 7.3 months after development of pulmonary metastasis. Significant predictors of survival from the multivariate model included nodular histologic type (P = .033), disease-free interval (P < .001), number of pulmonary metastases (P = .012), presence of extrathoracic metastasis (P < .001), and performance of pulmonary metastasectomy (P < .001). Interactions were identified between metastasectomy and disease-free interval and presence of extrathoracic metastasis. Surgery was associated with a survival advantage of 12 months for patients with a disease-free interval longer than 5 years (19 vs 7 months, P < .01) and of 10 months for patients without extrathoracic metastasis (18 vs 8 months, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: When all other identified risk factors were controlled for mathematically, metastasectomy maintained a significant survival advantage for patients with pulmonary metastatic melanoma. These data support the role of surgery for a select subset of patients with pulmonary metastasis.

Disease-Free Survival↗
PubMed2006

A Phase I study of capecitabine, carboplatin, and paclitaxel with external beam radiation therapy for esophageal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) are used to treat patients with esophageal cancer. The optimal combination of chemotherapeutic agents with RT is undefined. We evaluated a combination of capecitabine, carboplatin, and paclitaxel with RT in a phase I study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus initially received capecitabine, carboplatin, and paclitaxel with RT (1.8 Gy daily to 50.4 Gy). After completion, patients were restaged and evaluated for surgery. Primary endpoints included determination of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and a recommended phase II dose, non-DLT, and preliminary radiographic and pathologic response rates. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were enrolled (10 men, 3 women). All were evaluable for toxicity and efficacy. Two of 3 patients at dose level 1 (capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) twice daily on RT days, carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 2 weekly, paclitaxel 60 mg/m(2) weekly) had DLT (both Grade 4 esophagitis). Of these 3, 2 underwent esophagectomy and had pathologic complete response (pCR). Ten patients were then enrolled at dose level -1 (capecitabine 600 mg/m(2) twice daily, carboplatin AUC 1.5, paclitaxel 45 mg/m(2)). Overall, 3 of 10 patients at dose level -1 developed DLT (2 Grade 3 esophagitis, 1 Grade 3 hypotension). Esophagectomy was performed in 6 of 10 patients. All patients had pathologic downstaging and 2 of 6 had pCR. CONCLUSIONS: The maximally tolerated/recommended phase II doses were capecitabine 600 mg/m(2) twice daily, carboplatin AUC 1.5 weekly, and paclitaxel 45 mg/m(2) weekly with RT to 50.4 Gy. In our small study, this regimen appears active but is accompanied by significant toxicities, primarily esophagitis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Pathologic nodal status predicts disease-free survival after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for gastroesophageal junction carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is rapidly increasing, and the prognosis remains poor. We examined outcomes in patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation for GEJ tumors to identify factors that predict disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 101 consecutive patients who received chemoradiation and surgery for GEJ carcinoma between 1992 and 2001. RESULTS: The median DFS and OS of all patients were 16 and 25 months, respectively. Twenty-eight patients with a complete histological response (T0N0) experienced greater DFS compared with all others (P = .02). Node-negative patients, regardless of T stage, experienced improved median DFS (24 months) compared with N1 patients (9 months; P = .01). Preoperative stage, age, tumor location, or Barrett's esophagus did not independently predict OS by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only posttreatment nodal status (P = .03)-not the degree of primary tumor response-predicted DFS. CONCLUSIONS: The nodal status of patients with GEJ tumors after neoadjuvant therapy is predictive of DFS after resection. The poor outcome in node-positive patients supports postneoadjuvant therapy nodal staging, because surgical aggressiveness should be tempered by the realization that cure is unlikely and median survival is short.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Serum protein expression predicts recurrence in patients with early-stage lung cancer after resection.

BACKGROUND: Patients with early stage nonsmall-cell lung cancer who have undergone complete resection have a recurrence rate of approximately 50%, predominately due to the development of systemic metastases. This study is a prospective analysis of the expression of seven serum protein markers of invasion and metastasis, collected preoperatively (baseline) and serially after resection, to determine the relationship between marker expression and recurrence. METHODS: Serum was collected from 196 patients with clinical stage I nonsmall-cell lung cancer who underwent resection over a 5-year period (1996 to 2000). Samples were drawn before resection and 1, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. All patients were followed for at least 24 months or until death. Serum protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor), E-selectin, CD44, basic fibroblast growth factor, urokinase plasminogen activator, and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: To date, 73 patients (37%) have demonstrated recurrence. Baseline levels of only 1 marker (CD44) correlated with pathologic stage (p = 0.02). Analysis of the serial samples demonstrated that recurrence was predicted (before clinical or radiographic determination) by decreasing levels of E-selectin (p = 0.002), increasing levels of CD44 (p = 0.001), and increasing levels of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the potential to predict recurrence after resection in patients with early-stage nonsmall-cell lung cancer using a panel of serum protein markers. Early identification of patients with recurrence may improve the efficacy of systemic therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Thoracoscopic lobectomy: a safe and effective strategy for patients receiving induction therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Thoracoscopic lobectomy is an accepted oncologic approach for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent lobectomy after induction therapy to determine the feasibility of thoracoscopic lobectomy compared with conventional thoracotomy lobectomy. METHODS: The outcomes of 97 consecutive patients with NSCLC who received induction therapy followed by lobectomy from 1996 to 2005 were reviewed. Outcome variables analyzed included complete resection, chest tube duration, length of hospitalization, 30-day mortality, hemorrhage, pneumonia, respiratory failure, and other major complications. The Student t test and chi2 or RxC contingency tables were used to compare continuous and categoric variables, respectively. RESULTS: Lobectomy was performed by thoracotomy in 85 patients and thoracoscopically in 12 patients (1 conversion), with complete resection in all patients. All patients received induction chemotherapy, and 74 (76%) received induction radiotherapy as well: 66 of 85 (78%) in the thoracotomy group and 8 of 12 (67%) in the thoracoscopy group. The overall median survival was 2.3 years, with no difference between the groups. Patients undergoing a thoracoscopic lobectomy had a shorter median hospital stay (3.5 vs 5 days, p = 0.0024) and chest tube duration (2 vs 4 days, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in 30-day mortality, hemorrhage, pneumonia, or respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic lobectomy is a feasible approach for selected patients undergoing resection after induction therapy, and is associated with shorter hospital stay and chest tube duration. Long-term follow-up of survival will determine the role of thoracoscopic lobectomy in the management of patients after induction therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Nine-year single center experience with cervical mediastinoscopy: complications and false negative rate.

BACKGROUND: Mediastinoscopy is a valuable tool for evaluating mediastinal pathology and is essential for establishing treatment strategies in most patients with lung cancer. We sought to determine the complication and false negative rate for mediastinoscopy in an institution that routinely performs this procedure. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 2,145 consecutive mediastinoscopies at a single institution between April 1996 and April 2005. Demographics and complications were analyzed. In patients with lung cancer who underwent subsequent resection, the false negative rate was calculated. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 61 +/- 0.4 years, and 58% (n = 1,253) were male. Pathology included lung cancer (n = 1,459), metastatic disease (n = 78), lymphoma (n = 51), and other benign disease (n = 557). Twenty-three patients (1.07%) experienced complications including hemorrhage (n = 7, 0.33%), vocal cord dysfunction (n = 12, 0.55%), tracheal injury (n = 2, 0.09%), and pneumothorax (n = 2, 0.09%). There was 1 death (0.05%) after pulmonary artery injury. Five of the 7 vascular injuries occurred during biopsy of level 4R. Three hundred and forty-three patients (23.5%) with lung cancer had positive mediastinoscopies. The false negative rate was 56 of 1,019 (5.5%) among lung cancer patients undergoing resection. Thirty-two (57%) of the false negatives were due to metastatic disease in lymph nodes not normally biopsied during cervical mediastinoscopy (levels 5, 6, 8, or 9). CONCLUSIONS: Although invasive, mediastinoscopy identified locally advanced disease in a significant percentage of this lung cancer population and was associated with a low false negative rate. Complications after mediastinoscopy were uncommon. These results support the continued routine use of mediastinoscopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Respiratory complications after esophagectomy.

Pulmonary complications are the major source of morbidity and mortality after esophageal resection, and numerous studies have identified various associated with these complications. This article discusses preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors affecting pulmonary complications and strategies to reduce these complications after esophagectomy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy of single-dose, multilevel paravertebral nerve blockade for analgesia after thoracoscopic procedures.

BACKGROUND: Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary resection is increasingly chosen over thoracotomy, the optimal analgesia regimen for thoracoscopy is unknown. The purpose of this trial was to compare the efficacy of analgesia from preoperative bupivacaine paravertebral nerve blockade with that from placebo injections. METHODS: Eighty adult patients undergoing unilateral thoracoscopic procedures were enrolled in a prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial of preoperative, multilevel, single-dose paravertebral nerve blockade. Patients received six paravertebral injections with 5 ml of either 0.5% bupivacaine with 0.0005% epinephrine (treated, n = 40) or preservative-free saline (control, n = 40). Cumulative weight-adjusted intraoperative fentanyl and postoperative patient-controlled morphine usage, visual analog pain scores, and spirometry were used to compare efficacy of analgesia between groups. RESULTS: The treated group received significantly less intraoperative fentanyl compared with the control group (P = 0.003) and had a 31% smaller cumulative patient-controlled morphine dose (P = 0.03) in the 6 h after block placement. Within 6 h, treated patients also reported lower maximum pain scores (P = 0.02) and demonstrated less pain score variability (P = 0.01). No statistically significant difference in cumulative morphine usage existed at 12 or 18 h after block placement. No significant difference in spirometry, cortisol levels, or cytokine production was found between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose paravertebral nerve blockade with bupivacaine is effective in reducing pain after thoracoscopic surgery, but only during the first 6 h after nerve blockade. Because of the limited duration of effect with currently available local anesthetic agents, the current data suggest that, at present, this technique is not indicated in the setting of thoracoscopic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Thoracoscopic lobectomy is a safe and versatile procedure: experience with 500 consecutive patients.

OBJECTIVE: Advantages of thoracoscopic lobectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as compared with lobectomy by conventional thoracotomy, include less postoperative pain and shorter length of hospitalization. The outcomes after thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients with more complex pulmonary conditions are analyzed to determine safety, efficacy, and versatility. METHODS: A prospective database of 500 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy between June 1999 and January 2006 was queried. Demographic, histopathologic, perioperative, and outcome variables were assessed using standard descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS: Thoracoscopic lobectomy was successfully performed in 492 patients (conversion rate, 1.6%). Pathologic analysis included primary NSCLC in 416 patients (83.2%), centrally located secondary pulmonary malignancy in 37 patients (7.4%), and a variety of benign conditions in 45 patients (9%). Among the 416 patients with NSCLC, pathologic analysis demonstrated stage I in 330 patients (55.3%), stage II in 40 patients (9.6%), and stage III or greater NSCLC in 44 patients (10.6%). The operative and perioperative (30-day) mortality was 0% and 1%, respectively. The overall 2-year survival rate for the entire cohort was 80%, and the 2-year overall survival rates for stage I NSCLC, stage II or greater NSCLC, secondary pulmonary malignancy, and granulomatous disease patients were 85%, 77%, 73%, and 89%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic lobectomy is applicable to a spectrum of malignant and benign pulmonary disease and is associated with a low perioperative morbidity and mortality rate. Survival rates are comparable to those for lobectomy with thoracotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

"Anatomically-correct" dosimetric parameters may be better predictors for esophageal toxicity than are traditional CT-based metrics.

PURPOSE: Incidental esophageal irradiation during lung cancer therapy often causes morbidity. There is interest in trying to relate esophageal dosimetric parameters to the risk of injury. These parameters typically rely on CT-defined esophageal contours, and thus systematic limitations in esophageal contouring will influence these parameters. We herein assess the ability of a correction method, based on physiologic principles, to improve the predictive power of dosimetric parameters for radiation-induced esophageal injury. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Esophageal contours for 236 patients treated for lung cancer were quantitatively analyzed. All patients received three-dimensional planning, and all contours were generated by the same physician on axial CT images. Traditional dose-volume histogram (DVH)-based dosimetric parameters were extracted from the three-dimensional data set. A second set of "anatomically correct" dosimetric parameters was derived by adjusting the contours to reflect the known shape of the esophagus. Each patient was scored for acute and late toxicity using ROTG criteria. Univariate analysis was used to assess the predictive power of corrected and uncorrected dosimetric parameters (e.g., mean dose, V(50), and V(60)) for toxicity. The p values were taken as a measure of their significance. RESULTS: The univariate results indicate that both corrected and uncorrected dosimetric parameters are generally predictors for toxicity. The corrected parameters are more highly correlated (lower p value) with outcomes than the uncorrected metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of corrections, based on anatomic realities, to DVH-based dosimetric parameters may provide dosimetric parameters that are better correlated with clinical outcomes than are traditional DVH-based metrics.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Troubleshooting video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy.

PURPOSE: Surgeons converting their open lobectomy skills to video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) techniques have sought traditional technical courses, publications, and physician mentoring. While these are useful in teaching basic principles, it is more difficult to promulgate the numerous advanced techniques or technical "tricks" that deal with anatomical variations or pathologic changes in the lung tissue. DESCRIPTION: Engineers have simplified the process of rolling out complex technology by using troubleshooting guides. Accordingly, helpful video-assisted lobectomy maneuvers have been categorized according to the specific problems occasionally encountered at different points in the operation. EVALUATION: These maneuvers were compiled and reviewed by a panel of thoracic surgeons experienced in video-assisted lobectomies and have been active in teaching and mentoring of thoracic surgeons, residents and fellows. The techniques described have been used successfully by the authors to overcome exposure and instrumentation limitations, to achieve the outcomes reported in their series, and to guide trainees. CONCLUSIONS: Troubleshooting guides offer an organized means for surgeons to improve the parts of the video-assisted lobectomy procedure that they find tedious or challenging.

Humans↗