Biomedical subjects

Tetsuro Kato

Publications and source records attributed to Tetsuro Kato.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Association of the cyclin D1 gene G870A polymorphism with susceptibility to sporadic renal cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA is alternatively spliced to produce 2 transcripts (transcript-a and transcript-b), which may be modulated by a G870A single nucleotide polymorphism at the conserved splice donor site of exon 4. Previous studies have suggested a significant association between the CCND1 genotype and the development of various cancers. We explored the possible association between this polymorphism and the onset or disease statue of sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CCND1 G870A genotype was determined in 191 RCC cases and in 400 controls by polymerase chain reaction restriction length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: Subjects with the AA genotype were at 1.70-fold significant higher risk for RCC than those with the GG genotype (age and sex adjusted OR 1.70, 95% 95% CI 1.03 to 2.82, p = 0.039). In addition, the A allele had a gene dose effect in increasing the risk of RCC (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.67, p = 0.045). For tumor stage no significant difference in genotype frequency was found (p = 0.646). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the CCND1 variant A allele may be a genetic susceptibility factor with a recessive or gene dose effect for the onset of sporadic RCC. More extensive and larger studies are required to clarify whether the CCND1 genotype is more specifically involved in the onset of a histological subset of RCC or RCC at a younger age.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed2004

Rectosigmoidal bladder utilizing intussuscepted ileal segment: a surgical technique for urinary diversion and experiences in 30 patients.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that the ileocecal rectal bladder consists of interposition of an intussuscepted ileocecal segment between the ureters and the rectum for those in whom the urethra is not available. Although the ileocecal rectal bladder has been well accepted by most patients, it requires an extensive preparation along the ascending colon. We present a modified operation technique (rectosigmoidal bladder) by using the ileal segment alone as an interposing antireflux component and by using the sigmoidal segment to augment the rectal capacity. METHODS: From February 1993 to July 2002, 30 patients with a median age of 64 years underwent construction of a rectosigmoidal bladder. Median follow-up period was 26 months (range, 13-125). The follow up was carried out using clinical and functional assessments such as evacuation status, serum chemistry and radiographic evaluation of the upper urinary tracts and rectosigmoidal pouch. To assess the postoperative health-related quality of life, we carried out a survey comparison of the ileocecal rectal bladder patients and the rectosigmoidal bladder patients. RESULTS: No operative or urinary diversion-related postoperative mortality was encountered. All rectosigmoidal bladders had sufficient capacity, with no evidence of urinary reflux or daytime incontinence. When compared with our previous procedure, the ileocecal rectal bladder, the present procedure had advantages with respect to complications with urine-fecal leak and acidosis. There were no differences in mean operation time, or in the health-related quality of life survey, between the two procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience showed that this technique should be considered for those in whom the urethra is not available.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Clinical characteristics of normotensive renal transplant recipients with microalbuminuria and effects of angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist on urinary albumin excretion.

AIM: Microalbuminuria is typically observed in renal transplant recipients with systemic hypertension. The effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (losartan) on the hypertensive recipients have been evaluated. However, the clinical background of normotensive recipients with microalbuminuria and the effect of losartan administration in those subjects have not been clarified. One of the two purposes for the present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of normotensive recipients with microalbuminuria. The other was to evaluate the effect of losartan on urinary excretion of albumin in these patients. METHODS: The clinical data and the change of the single kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for the graft by radionuclide study were assessed in 13 normotensive recipients with microalbuminuria. These were compared with the data of 13 normotensive patients without microalbuminuria. The 13 recipients with microalbuminuria were treated with losartan for one year and urine excretion of albumin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and serum creatinine (S-Cr) levels were measured. RESULTS: The GFR of the grafts from donors to recipients significantly increased (30.9 to 55.2 mL/min) in microalbuminuric recipients, but did not significantly increase in the non-microalbuminuric recipients. Decreases of the urinary excretion rate of albumin (351 +/- 261 at baseline to 158 +/- 14 mg/gCr at 12 months), NAG (13 +/- 5 to 10 +/- 3 IU/gCr) and S-Cr (1.7 +/- 0.6 to 1.5 +/- 0.4 mg/DL) were observed in the microalbuminuric recipients with losartan administration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that an increased single kidney GFR of the graft from the donor in situ to the recipient might be a cause of microalbuminuria in normotensive recipients. The one-year effects of losartan were observed in terms of the decrease in urinary excretion of albumin, NAG and S-Cr levels.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗

PubMed2004

Influence of pretransplant dialysis modality on the change of lymphocyte subset populations and acute rejection rates after renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The influence of dialysis modality on the acute rejection (AR) rate after renal transplantation is controversial. We investigated whether the pretransplant dialysis modality correlated with the lymphocyte subset populations and the incidence of AR after renal transplantation. METHODS: Thirty-eight first living renal transplant recipients, consisting of 22 patients on pretransplant hemodialysis (HD) and 16 patients on pretransplant peritoneal dialysis (PD), were studied. Peripheral blood samples were taken on days -1 through 28 after transplantation, and the lymphocyte fractions were exposed to the monoclonal antibodies anti-CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8 and CD28 for a flow cytometer analysis. Biopsy specimens were obtained at the time of presumed AR episodes and on day 28 after transplantation. RESULTS: The PD patients had a higher frequency of AR (37.5% in PD vs 9.1% in HD patients, P = 0.034). In contrast, two HD patients showed graft loss at 18 and 30 months after transplantation. The increases of CD3, CD19, CD4 and CD4+ CD28+ cells in the PD patients occurred earlier than in the HD patients and the numbers of these cells in the PD group were higher than those in the HD between days 3-28 after transplantation, most significantly on day 7. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the PD patients with similar clinical characteristics could potentially have a higher immunocompetence and immune responsiveness associated with a higher rate of AR in the early stage of renal transplantation when compared with the HD patients.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

Early and large-dose intravesical instillation of epirubicin to prevent superficial bladder carcinoma recurrence after transurethral resection.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare the prevention of tumour recurrence by four intravesical adjuvant administration protocols, and thus elucidate the efficacy of early and high total dose instillations of epirubicin to prevent superficial bladder tumour recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 69 patients with Ta/T1 bladder cancer were randomly assigned to four intravesical administration protocols: A, delayed instillation (first instillation 7 days after TURBT) and low-dose (30 mg once every 2 weeks, six times): B, early instillation (three instillations before 7 days after TURBT) and low-dose; C, delayed and high-dose (30 mg once weekly 12 times) instillation; D, early and high-dose. The influence of the instillation protocols and tumour characteristics on the probability of recurrence-free survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox regression hazard model. RESULTS: The early-instillation and high-dose groups had relatively lower recurrence rates after 6 months (A, 30%; B, 25%; C, one of 12; and D, none) and 1 year (50%, 35%, four of nine and one of eight, respectively). Patients who received 360 mg epirubicin (C and D) had a significantly better recurrence-free survival than those receiving 180 mg (A and B; P = 0.012). Preoperative urine cytology and tumour multiplicity were significantly associated with recurrence. However, multivariate analysis of the risk of recurrence using a Cox proportional hazard model showed that urine cytology (hazard ratio 3.11, 95% confidence interval 1.08-8.94, P = 0.04) and total dose (0.32, 0.11-0.92, P = 0.03) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: Patients who received a high-dose epirubicin instillation had a significantly lower recurrence rate but the benefit of early instillation was not confirmed, as the study group was too small.

Administration, Intravesical↗

PubMed2004

A novel antireflux technique using an intussuscepted ileal segment.

A novel surgical technique of antireflux with an ileal conduit for urinary diversion is presented with our early results. The mid 8-cm portion of an isolated terminal ileum is intussuscepted. After skeletonization of the mesenterial vasculature, 3 rows of 4 mattress seromuscular silk sutures are placed on the ileum. By tying the sutures successively, the ileum is intussuscepted and the resultant nipple is secured simultaneously between its outer and inner layers. The outer nipple layer and the recipient ileal layer are further fixed as a whole by placing 3 rows of metal staples. The nipple base is secured by interrupted silk sutures and the mesenterial defect is closed. This technique was applied to 30 patients undergoing rectosigmoidal bladder procedure, a modified ileocecal rectal bladder, in which the antireflux conduit was interposed between the ureters and the rectosigmoidal pouch. Ureteral reflux was observed in none of the patients during a mean follow-up period of 29.9 months. Of the 60 renal units, 53 (88.3%) had normal pyelography and 7 (12.7%) showed mild hydronephrosis at 3-6 months postoperatively. This antireflux technique is simple and reliable, and can be applied to other urinary diversion/reconstruction surgeries, such as the continent reservoir, orthotopic neobladder, and/or bladder augmentation.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[A case of organ sparing surgery for metachronous bilateral testicular tumor with maintaining testicular function].

A 28-year-old man, who had undergone right orchiectomy and prophylactic irradiation for stage I seminoma 6 years ago, developed left testicular tumor. Since the secondary tumor was localized in the lower pole of the testis, partial orchiectomy was performed with an attempt to preserve the testicular function. The pathological finding of the surgical specimen was a mixed type testicular tumor consisting of seminoma, embryonal carcinoma and teratoma elements. Postoperative chemotherapy with 3 courses of BEP regimen resulted in azoospermia, but the impaired spermatogenesis recovered to a normal range within 18 months with no evidence of tumor recurrence and his wife delivered a healthy baby 2 years later. For the synchronous or metachronous bilateral testicular tumors, the combination of organ sparing surgery and chemotherapy could be a treatment of choice.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Active chemotherapy with gemcitabine, carboplatin and docetaxel for three patients with MVAC-resistant liver metastasis of urothelial carcinoma].

We report three cases with methotrexate-vinblastin-adriamycin-cisplatin (MVAC) resistant multiple liver metastases of urothelial carcinoma that responded to combination chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) with additional docetaxel (GCD) as salvage chemotherapy. Case 1: A 55-year-old man underwent left nephroureterectomy for ureteral cancer (TCC, G3, pT3pN1M0). Three courses of GC followed by three courses of GCD were given via intra-hepatic arterial infusion for multiple liver metastases, which appeared after adjuvant high-dose MVAC therapy. Complete response was obtained and maintained for 11 months. Case 2: A 46-year-old man underwent radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer (TCC G3 + adenocarcinoma. pT3pN0M0). Two courses of GC followed by 2 courses of GCD systemic therapies were performed for multiple liver metastases, which appeared after adjuvant high-dose MVAC therapy. Partial response was obtained and maintained for six months. Case 3: A 66-year-old man received three courses of MVAC for multiple metastases of the bladder cancer (TCC, G3, > pT2), which resulted in disease progression. Eight courses of GC followed by six courses of GCD were administrated via intra-hepatic arterial infusion. Partial response was obtained and maintained for 12 months. Although the response duration was still short, GC and GCD may be promising salvage chemotherapeutic regimens for the patients with MVAC-resistant liver metastases of urothelial carcinoma.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy by using microwave tissue coagulation].

Partial nephrectomy is widely accepted as a treatment for small renal cell carcinoma. However, the laparoscopic approach has not yet been considered as a standard procedure. We reviewed our 13 retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomies and 11 conventional open partial nephrectomies. We have used microwave tissue coagulation for retroperitoneoscopic surgery without renal pedicle clamping between December 1999 and May 2003. The mean operating time for the retroperitoneoscopic group was not significantly longer than that for conventional open surgery group (183 minutes vs 194 minutes). However, the mean blood loss for the retroperitoneoscopic group was less than that for the open group (143 ml vs 512 ml). Histologic evaluation revealed renal cell carcinoma in 10 patients, angiomyolipoma in 2 patients, and lymphoangiomyomatosis in one patient for retroperitoneoscopic group and renal cell carcinoma in 11 patients for the conventional open surgery group. In addition, when compared with the historical control that had undergone conventional partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic cases had significantly shorter postoperative times to oral intake, ambulance, and discharge from hospital. Bowel injury, massive bleeding, urine leakage, and atelectasis occurred in one case each in retroperitoneoscopic surgery. Retroperitoneoscopic surgery in the case of massive bleeding was converted to open surgery. On the other hand, urine leakage and postoperative hemorrhage occurred in one case each in conventional open surgery. Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy by using microwave tissue coagulation is a useful and less invasive method, whereas this procedure is more challenging than open partial nephrectomy in terms of complications.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Laparoscopic adrenalectomy: Akita University experience].

We performed 52 laparoscopic adrenalectomies between January 1997 and March 2003. In 51 patients, adrenal tumors were successfully removed laparoscopically. In one patient, the laparoscopic procedure was converted to open surgery because of insufflator's trouble and hemorrhage. Perioperative blood transfusion was required in two patients; one for intraoperative and another for postoperative bleeding. We compared laparoscopic adrenalectomy with conventional open surgery which had been performed in our clinic before the laparoscopic adrenalectomy era. The mean operative time of the laparoscopic adrenalectomy (187 +/- 59 min) was not significantly longer than that of the open surgery (193 +/- 49 min). The mean estimated blood loss of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (75 +/- 145 g) was significantly less than that of the open surgery (438 +/- 447 g). Time to oral intake and ambulation for laparoscopic adrenalectomy were significantly earlier than those of the open surgery. Operation time was significantly shortened as the experience of this surgery was accumulated. The results of our experience support the concept that laparoscopic adrenalectomy is safe and is a standard treatment for surgical treatment of adrenal tumors.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗

PubMed2003

Gene transfer of alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase increases tumor growth of the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line through enhanced adhesion to prostatic stromal cells.

Elevated expression of sialyl Lewis X has been postulated to be a prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. However, direct evidence for the relationship between increased expression of sialyl Lewis X and malignancy of prostate cancer is still lacking. To determine whether increased levels of sialyl Lewis X leads to malignancy in prostate tumor, we transfected the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase III (FTIII) to obtain stable transfectants, PC-3-FTIII lines, that highly express sialyl Lewis X. When inoculated in the prostate of nude mice, PC-3-FTIII cells produced large prostate tumors, while mock-transfected PC-3 cells, which are negative for sialyl Lewis X antigen, produced small prostate tumors. The aggressive tumor formation by PC-3-FTIII cells was inhibited by preincubation of the tumor cells with anti-sialyl Lewis X antibody, by the presence of sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharide or by selectin ligand mimic peptide but not by control peptide. PC-3-FTIII cells and mock-transfected PC-3 cells exhibited no significant difference in cell numbers when cultured in vitro. Remarkably, PC-3-FTIII adhered to prostatic stromal cells in vitro with higher affinity than mock-transfected PC-3. Such adhesion was inhibited by preincubation of PC-3-FTIII cells with antisialyl Lewis X antibody, by the addition of sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharide or by selectin ligand mimic peptide. However, anti-E-selectin, anti-P-selectin or anti-L-selectin antibodies did not inhibit the adhesion of PC-3-FTIII cells to the stromal cells. These results suggest that prostate cancer cells gain aggressiveness through adhesive interaction with prostatic stromal cells by a novel mechanism involving sialyl Lewis X.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2003

Polymorphisms in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene, risk of prostate cancer, and serum PSA levels in Japanese population.

Recent studies have indicated that the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Caucasian populations. To verify the association, we examined the PSA polymorphisms at positions -158 and -252 in 300 prostate cancer cases, 216 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases, and 266 controls by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Regarding the PSA polymorphism at position -158, the A allele was less common in the Japanese population (A 0.22, G 0.78) than that in other ethnic populations (A 0.37-0.52, G 0.48-0.63). No significant associations were found between the polymorphism and the risks of prostate cancer (P=0.530) and BPH (P=0.740) and between the polymorphism and the serum PSA level (P=0.626). As for the polymorphism at position -252, no significant results were also found. In conclusion, the PSA polymorphisms may not be associated with the risk of prostate cancer development and its disease progression and the risk of BPH in Japanese men, and may also be not related to the serum PSA level in Japanese men with prostate cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Increased risk of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene polymorphism at codon10.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) plays a significant role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate epithelial and stromal cells. We explored the association between the T (Leu) to C (Pro) polymorphism at codon10 of the TGF-beta1 gene (TGFB1) and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in 351 PCa patients, 221 BPH patients and 303 male controls in Japan. There were significant differences in the CC versus TC + TT genotype distribution between PCa patients and male controls (P=0.008), and between BPH patients and male controls (P=0.041). Males with the TC or TT genotype had a 1.62-fold increased risk of PCa [95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.14-2.30, P=0.007] and a 1.51-fold increased risk of BPH (95% CI=1.02-2.24, P=0.041) compared with those with the CC genotype, therefore suggesting the dominant effect of the TGFB1 T allele on development of PCa and BPH. There were no significant differences in the TGFB1 genotype distribution between different groups of tumor grades and stages in the PCa patients and no significant differences when PCa patients were stratified by the age of onset. The results suggest that the codon10 polymorphism in TGFB1 may have a significant influence on the development of PCa and BPH, therefore underscoring the importance of the TGF pathway in the development of these prostatic diseases. However, it appeared to have no impact on the disease status or age of onset of PCa.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Factors that influence the results of salvage surgery in patients with chemorefractory germ cell carcinomas with elevated tumor markers.

BACKGROUND: A standard concept for the integration of surgery into the chemotherapy-based treatment of patients with advanced germ cell carcinoma has been that surgery should be avoided in patients with serum tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]) that remain elevated. However, some patients may benefit from resection under such chemorefractory conditions. The objective of this retrospective study was to clarify the outcome and clinical prognostic variables of salvage surgery in patients with disseminated (AJCC Stage II or III) testicular germ cell carcinoma or extragonadal germ cell carcinoma who had elevated serum markers. METHODS: The authors reviewed the clinical records of 24 patients who underwent salvage surgery with elevated serum AFP and/or HCG levels after at least 3 courses of cisplatin-based, systemic chemotherapy between January, 1985 and December, 2000. The survival rates were compared between the subgroups with regard to preoperative and postoperative clinical parameters using the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Ten of 24 patients (41.7%) were rendered free of disease and alive without disease after the surgery with or without adjuvant therapy at a median follow-up of 74 months (range, 24-207 months). Among the preoperative parameters, high HCG levels were associated with significantly poorer survival (hazard ratio [HR], 8.321; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.0753-64.553; P = 0.043 and P = 0.016, respectively; log-rank test). In addition, patients who had visceral lesions at resection had a significantly poorer prognosis compared with patients who had retroperitoneal and/or mediastinal lymph node lesions (P = 0.038; log-rank test). Among postoperative parameters, incomplete resection and persistently high HCG levels were associated significantly with poor survival, with a risk of death from disease of 12.516-fold (95% CI, 1.786-87.781) and 9.311-fold (95% CI, 1.796-48.256), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Salvage surgery in patients with high serum tumors markers resulted in long-term disease free status in approximately 40% of patients in a small subset with advanced germ cell carcinoma. Patients with elevated AFP levels alone (i.e., normal HCG levels) or with lymph node lesions alone seem to be good candidates for such surgery. Complete resection of target lesions and normalization of HCG levels after surgery are mandatory to achieve long-term disease free status.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 gene -202 A/C polymorphism is correlated with advanced disease status in prostate cancer.

The circulating level of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and its progression and may be modulated by the A/C polymorphism at position -202 in the promoter region of IGFBP-3. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of the A/C polymorphism as a genetic modifier in the etiology of PCa and its disease status. The polymorphism was analyzed by a PCR restriction fragment-length polymorphism technique in 307 PCa patients, 221 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and 227 male controls. No significant difference in the genotype frequency was found between the PCa or BPH patients and controls (PCa versus control, P = 0.316; BPH versus control, P = 0.964). Regarding the tumor stage, the C allele was more frequently observed in patients having tumors with higher stage (P for trend = 0.002). When the PCa patients with localized disease (stage A + B + C) were considered as reference, those with CC and AC genotype had a significantly increased risk of metastatic disease (stage D) compared with those with AA genotype [age-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.42-10.64, P = 0.008, and aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.01-2.79, P = 0.044, respectively]. The presence of the C allele appeared to be associated with an increased risk of metastatic PCa with a gene dosage effect (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.23-2.68, P = 0.002). Similarly, significant findings were also observed when PCa patients were compared between those with organ-confined disease (stage A + B) and those with extra-prostatic extension (stage C + D). Furthermore, the C allele was present more frequently in patients with higher tumor grade. In conclusion, the IGFBP-3 -202 A/C polymorphism was not associated with susceptibility to PCa and BPH in Japanese men, but the presence of the C allele may cumulatively increase the risk for tumor metastasis and for having tumors with a biologically more aggressive phenotype. Because of the significant differences in incidence of clinically evident PCa according to racial backgrounds, the conjecture should be further examined in different racial populations.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Increased risk of prostate cancer associated with AA genotype of cyclin D1 gene A870G polymorphism.

CCND1 mRNA is alternatively spliced to produce 2 transcripts, and the splicing pattern may be modulated by a frequent A870G single-nucleotide polymorphism within the conserved splice donor site of exon 4. Several studies have suggested a significant association between the CCND1 genotype and onset or progression of various cancers. To investigate the correlation of the polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to PCa and its disease status, we examined the polymorphism in 214 cases of PCa, 234 cases of BPH and 254 male controls. The CCND1 A allele was more frequently observed in the PCa group (p = 0.015) and the BPH group (p = 0.018) than the control group. Men with the AA genotype had an increased risk of PCa (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.13-3.30, p = 0.016) and BPH (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.09-3.09, p = 0.023) compared to those with the GG genotype. No significant association was observed when men with the AG genotype were compared to those with the GG genotype (PCa: aOR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.65-1.54, BPH: aOR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.60-1.39). The risk of PCa associated with the AA genotype appeared to be stronger in men aged 73 years or younger (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.38-6.01, p = 0.005), whereas no association was found in men older than 73 years (aOR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.44-2.34). No significant difference in genotype frequency was found among patients with low-, intermediate- and high-grade tumors (p = 0.730) or between patients with localized and metastatic PCa (p = 0.679). However, in patients with high-grade or metastatic PCa, a significantly increased risk associated with the AA genotype compared to controls was observed, while no significant results were found in those with low/intermediate or localized PCa. The A allele of the CCND1 A870G polymorphism was recessively associated with susceptibility to PCa and BPH in a Japanese population, giving a 2-fold increased risk of PCa and BPH in men with the AA genotype compared to those with the GG genotype. Although the risk of PCa associated with the AA genotype appeared to contribute especially to men aged 73 years or younger and the A allele may be associated with disease status of PCa, these conjectures require validation in future studies on a larger number of subjects.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2003

Transitional cell carcinoma in an ectopic ureter.

We experienced an 82-year-old man with transitional cell carcinoma in an ectopic ureter draining into the prostatic urethra. Carcinoma arising from an ectopic ureter is very rare and a differential diagnosis is difficult. To our knowledge, our case is the third male case reported in the literature.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Hypermethylation of an E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter region in high grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder comprising carcinoma in situ.

PURPOSE: We elucidated the role of methylation in the promoter region of the 1 gene in bladder carcinogenesis, particularly in those comprising carcinoma in situ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 49 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder obtained from transurethral resection were examined. Methylation status of the 1 promoter region was analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction from chemically modified DNA after Na-bisulfite treatment. Loss of heterozygosity on 16q was examined by blunt end single strand DNA conformation polymorphism using 4 tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite markers assigned on 16q13 to 22.1. E-cadherin expression was evaluated by immunostaining on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections using anti E-cadherin murine monoclonal antibody, HECD1 and standard avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase complex technique. RESULTS: Analysis of the 49 bladder transitional cell carcinoma samples showed 1 promoter methylation in 23 (47%). Methylation of the 1 gene did not correlate with tumor stage (p = 0.2097) but with high grade transitional cell carcinoma (p = 0.0416). 1 promoter methylation was observed at a significantly higher frequency in the carcinoma in situ positive group than in the carcinoma in situ negative group (16 of 18 cases or 89% versus 7 of 31 or 23%, p <0.0001) and it strongly correlated with abnormal E-cadherin expression (p <0.0001). We found 16q loss of heterozygosity in 16 of 47 cases (34%), which correlated with higher histological grade (p = 0.0069) but not with the presence of the carcinoma in situ component (p = 0.1235). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that 1 gene promoter methylation is strongly associated with bladder transitional cell carcinoma comprising carcinoma in situ.

Alleles↗