Biomedical subjects

Tao Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Tao Wang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Time dependence of protective post-exposure prophylaxis with human monoclonal antibodies against pathogenic SHIV challenge in newborn macaques.

In a primate model of postnatal virus transmission, we have previously shown that 1 h post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with a triple combination of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmAbs) conferred sterilizing protection to neonatal macaques against oral challenge with pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Here, we show that nmAbs can also partially protect SHIV-exposed newborn macaques against infection or disease, when given as 12 or 24 h PEP, respectively. This work delineates the potential and the limits of passive immunoprophylaxis with nmAbs. Even though 24 h PEP with nmAbs did not provide sterilizing immunity to neonatal monkeys, it contained viremia and protected infants from acute disease. Taken together with our results from other PEP studies, these data show that the success of passive immunization depends on the nmAb potency/dose and the time window between virus exposure and start of immunotherapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Expression proteomics to p53 mutation reactivation with PRIMA-1 in breast cancer cells.

PRIMA-1 has emerged as a small molecule that restores the wild type function to mutant p53. To identify molecular targets that are involved in PRIMA-1-induced apoptosis, we used a proteomics approach with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for protein identification. By comparing the proteome of the PRIMA-1-treated MDA-231 breast carcinoma cells with that of MCF-7 cells, we have identified seven proteins that upregulated only in MDA-231 cells as a result of PRIMA-1-induced apoptosis. The identified proteins are involved in anaerobic glycolysis and in mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis. Treatment of MDA-231 cells with PRIMA-1 resulted in the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c as well as the activation of caspase-3, which are essential for the execution of apoptosis. We present evidence to suggest that PRIMA-1-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells with mutated p53 function involved the expression of proteins required for the activation of mitochondrial intrinsic pathway that is glycolysis-relevant.

Aza Compounds↗

PubMed2006

Selective dysregulation of the FcgammaIIB receptor on memory B cells in SLE.

The inappropriate expansion and activation of autoreactive memory B cells and plasmablasts contributes to loss of self-tolerance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Defects in the inhibitory Fc receptor, FcgammaRIIB, have been shown to contribute to B cell activation and autoimmunity in several mouse models of SLE. In this paper, we demonstrate that expression of FcgammaRIIB is routinely up-regulated on memory B cells in the peripheral blood of healthy controls, whereas up-regulation of FcgammaRIIB is considerably decreased in memory B cells of SLE patients. This directly correlates with decreased FcgammaRIIB-mediated suppression of B cell receptor-induced calcium (Ca2+) response in those B cells. We also found substantial overrepresentation of African-American patients among those who failed to up-regulate FcgammaRIIB. These results suggest that the inhibitory receptor, FcgammaRIIB, may be impaired at a critical checkpoint in SLE in the regulation of memory B cells; thus, FcgammaRIIB represents a novel target for therapeutic interventions in this disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Statistically designing microarrays and microarray experiments to enhance sensitivity and specificity.

Gene expression signatures from microarray experiments promise to provide important prognostic tools for predicting disease outcome or response to treatment. A number of microarray studies in various cancers have reported such gene signatures. However, the overlap of gene signatures in the same disease has been limited so far, and some reported signatures have not been reproduced in other populations. Clearly, the methods used for verifying novel gene signatures need improvement. In this article, we describe an experiment in which microarrays and sample hybridization are designed according to the statistical principles of randomization, replication and blocking. Our results show that such designs provide unbiased estimation of differential expression levels as well as powerful tests for them.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2006

Wiener filter deconvolution of overlapping evoked potentials.

Evoked potentials (EPs) typically contain components that last up to several seconds. In order to save time and study adaptation effects, stimuli are often presented at high stimulation rates. Unfortunately, such protocols often suffer from a response overlap problem. Techniques based on Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution (CLAD) have been developed to formulate circular convolution to restore the source EP. These techniques, however, are sensitive to the additive noise and do not perform well when stimulus sequences with poor noise attenuation properties are chosen. This study offers a solution to this problem by applying Wiener theory to obtain an optimal filter that adapts the ratio of noise-to-signal by estimating the power spectra of both noise and signal using non-parametric or parametric methods. Experiments are conducted on simulation data and Auditory Evoked potentials (AEPs) acquired from human subjects to demonstrate the validity of the proposed theory. The results show that the Wiener deconvolution method improves the quality of the responses acquired with sequences with poor noise attenuation in the presence of high noise levels compared to the straight CLAD method. The results are comparable to responses obtained by conventional and Maximum Length Sequence (MLS) methods.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Effect of opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel on the distribution of cytochrome C and on proliferation of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in hypoxia].

The objective of this paper was to investigate the contribution of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel (mitoK(ATP)) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) to the distribution of cytochrome C in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) and to the proliferation of HPASMCs induced by hypoxia. HPASMCs were divided into 6 groups, as following: (1) control group: cultured under normoxia; (2) diazoxide group: cultured in normoxia with diazoxide, an opener of mitoK(ATP); (3) 5-HD group: cultured in normoxia with 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), an antagonist of mitoK(ATP); (4) 24-hour hypoxia group: cultured in hypoxia for 24 h; (5) 24-hour hypoxia + diazoxide group: cultured in hypoxia with diazoxide for 24 h; (6) 24-hour hypoxia + 5-HD group: cultured in hypoxia with 5-HD for 24 h. The relative changes in mitochondrial potential were tested with rhodamine fluorescence (R-123) technique. Western blot was used to detect the expression of cytochrome C protein in cell plasma and mitochondria,respectively. The expression of cell caspase-9 protein was determined with Western blot. The proliferation of HPASMCs was examined by cell cycle analysis and MTT colorimetric assay. The results were as following: after exposure to diazoxide for 24 h, the intensity of R-123 fluorescence in normoxic HPASMCs was significantly increased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant change of the intensity of R-123 fluorescence after the HPASMCs had been exposed to 5-HD for 24 h; 24-hour hypoxia or 24-hour hypoxia + diazoxide could markedly increase the intensity of R-123 fluorescence in HPASMCs compared with normoxia (P<0.05), and the change was more significant in 24-hour hypoxia + diazoxide group than that in 24-hour hypoxia group (P<0.05); 5-HD could weaken the effect of 24-hour hypoxia on the intensity of R-123 fluorescence. After exposure to diazoxide for 24 h, the ratio of the expression of cytosolic cytochrome C protein to that of mitochondrial cytochrome C protein was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), and the expression of caspase-9 protein was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The percentage of S phase and A value of MTT were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). But there were no significant changes in these tests after HPASMCs had been exposed to 5-HD for 24 h (P>0.05). After exposure to hypoxia or hypoxia + diazoxide for 24 h, the ratio of the expression of cytosolic cytochrome C protein to that of mitochondrial cytochrome C protein and the expression of caspase-9 protein were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The percentage of S phase and A value of MTT were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). These changes were more significant in 24-hour hypoxia + diazoxide group than those in 24-hour hypoxia group (P<0.05). 5-HD could weaken the effect of hypoxia on the changes of the distribution of cytochrome C, the expression of caspase-9 in HPASMCs and the proliferation of HPASMCs induced by hypoxia (P<0.05). All these results suggest that the opening of mitoK(ATP) followed by a depolarization of Deltapsim induced by hypoxia might contribute to the inhibition of the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to plasma in HPASMCs. This might be a mechanism of the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. The signal transduction pathway of mitochondria might play an important role in the relationship between Deltapsim and apoptosis of HPASMCs.

Cell Hypoxia↗

PubMed2006

Structure of Nampt/PBEF/visfatin, a mammalian NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) synthesizes nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide in a mammalian NAD+ biosynthetic pathway and is required for SirT1 activity in vivo. Nampt has also been presumed to be a cytokine (PBEF) or a hormone (visfatin). The crystal structure of Nampt in the presence and absence of NMN shows that Nampt is a dimeric type II phosphoribosyltransferase and provides insights into the enzymatic mechanism.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Genetic characterization and molecular mapping of Hessian fly resistance genes derived from Aegilops tauschii in synthetic wheat.

Two synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (xAegilotriticum spp., 2n = 6x = 42, genomes AABBDD), SW8 and SW34, developed from the crosses of the durum wheat cultivar Langdon (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, genomes AABB) with two Aegilops tauschii Cosson accessions (2n = 2x = 14, genome DD), were determined to carry Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] resistance genes derived from the Ae. tauschii parents. SW8 was resistant to the Hessian fly biotype Great Plains (GP) and strain vH13 (virulent to H13). SW34 was resistant to biotype GP, but susceptible to strain vH13. Allelism tests indicated that resistance genes in SW8 and SW34 may be allelic to H26 and H13 or correspond to paralogs at both loci, respectively. H26 and H13 were localized to chromosome 4D and 6D, respectively, in previous studies. Molecular mapping in the present study, however, assigned the H26 locus to chromosome 3D rather than 4D. On the other hand, mapping of the resistance gene in SW34 verified the previous assignment of the H13 locus to chromosome 6D. Linkage analysis and physical mapping positioned the H26 locus to the chromosomal deletion bin 3DL3-0.81-1.00. A linkage map for each of these two resistance genes was constructed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers.

Alleles↗

PubMed2006

[Lumbar interbody fusion using autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-calcium phosphate ceramic composite in rhesus monkey].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the osteogenic capacity of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-calcium phosphate ceramic composites in vitro and implanted as a bone graft substitute for lumbar anterior interbody fusion in rhesus monkeys. METHODS: From March 2003 to April 2005, 9 adult rhesus monkeys underwent lumbar L(3 - 4) and L(5 - 6) discectomy and interbody fusion via an anterior retroperitoneal approach. Two fusion sites in each animal were randomly assigned to two of three treatments: autogenous tricortical iliac crest bone graft (autograft group, n = 6) or cell-free ceramic graft (ceramic group, n = 6) or BMSCs-ceramic composite graft (BMSCs group, n = 6). Autologous BMSCs were culture-expanded and stimulated with osteogenic supplement. The cell-ceramic composites were constructed in a rotary dynamic cell culture system. The spinal fusion segments were evaluated by radiography, biomechanical testing, histologic analysis and histomorphometric analysis at 3 months post-surgery. RESULTS: Biomechanical testing showed that spinal segments from the autograft group and the BMSCs-ceramic group were statistically and significantly stiffer than the cell-free ceramic group. The BMSCs-ceramic group and the autograft group showed equivalent biomechanical stiffness by statistical analysis. Histologically, both the autograft group and the BMSCs-ceramic group achieved osseous union, but the cell-free ceramic group had a fibrous union. Quantitative histologic analysis showed that the amount of bone formation was significantly greater in the autograft group and the BMSCs-ceramic group compared with the cell-free ceramic group. However, the amount of ceramic residue was significantly greater in the cell-free ceramic group versus the BMSCs-ceramic group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that BMSC-ceramic composites can enhance bone regeneration and achieve osseous spinal fusion 3 months after the implantation in rhesus monkey interbody fusion model. Cell-free ceramics has an unsatisfactory efficacy in spinal fusion due to its tense fibrous fusion.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Advances in methods and algorithms in a modern quantum chemistry program package.

Advances in theory and algorithms for electronic structure calculations must be incorporated into program packages to enable them to become routinely used by the broader chemical community. This work reviews advances made over the past five years or so that constitute the major improvements contained in a new release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry package, together with illustrative timings and applications. Specific developments discussed include fast methods for density functional theory calculations, linear scaling evaluation of energies, NMR chemical shifts and electric properties, fast auxiliary basis function methods for correlated energies and gradients, equation-of-motion coupled cluster methods for ground and excited states, geminal wavefunctions, embedding methods and techniques for exploring potential energy surfaces.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2006

Eco-environmental degradation in the source region of the Yellow River, Northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China and the cradle of the Chinese civilization. The source region of the Yellow River is the most important water holding area for the Yellow River, about 49.2% of the whole runoff comes from this region. However, for the special location, it is a region with most fragile eco-environment in China as well. Eco-environmental degradation in the source region of the Yellow River has been a very serious ecological and socially economic problem. According to census data, historical documents and climatic information, during the last half century, especially the last 30 years, great changes have taken place in the eco-environment of this region. Such changes are mainly manifested in the temporal-spatial changes of water environment, deglaciation, permafrost reduction, vegetation degeneracy and desertification extent, which led to land capacity decreasing and river disconnecting. At present, desertification of the region is showing an accelerating tendency. This paper analyzes the present status of eco-environment degradation in this region supported by GIS and RS, as well as field investigation and indoor analysis, based on knowledge, multi-source data is gathered and the classification is worked out, deals with their natural and anthropogenic causes, and points out that in the last half century the desertification and environmental degradation of this region are mainly attributed to human activities under the background of regional climate changes. To halt further degradation of the environment of this region, great efforts should be made to use land resources rationally, develop advantages animal agriculture and protect the natural grassland.

China↗

PubMed2006

Ultrasonic interventional analgesia in pancreatic carcinoma with chemical destruction of celiac ganglion.

AIM: To detect the therapeutic effects of chemical destruction of celiac ganglion in patients with pancreatic carcinoma with intractable pain. METHODS: Ninety-seven cases with advanced pancreatic carcinoma received chemical destruction of celiac ganglion-5 mL pure alcohol injection around celiac artery under ultrasonic guidance. The changes of visual analogue scale (VAS), serum substance P (Sub P), beta-endopeptide (beta-EP) and T-lymphocyte subtypes level were compared between pre- and post-therapy. RESULTS: Successful rate of puncture was 98.7%, with one failure. No serious complications such as traumatic pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula, abdominal cavity hemorrhage or peritoneal infection occurred. VAS, serum Sub P and beta-EP level significantly changed after treatment (8.0+/-2.3 vs 4.6+/-2.1, 254.1+/-96.7 vs 182.4+/-77.6, 3.2+/-0.8 vs 8.8+/-2.1, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01) with complete relief rate 54.2%, partial relief rate 21.9%, ineffective rate 12.5% and recurrent rate 10.7%. The T-lymphocyte subtypes level remarkably increased when compared with that of pre-therapy (46.7+/-3.7 vs 62.5+/-5.5, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that chemical destruction of celiac ganglion under ultrasonic guidance is highly safe, and can evidently relieve cancer pain and improve the cellular immunity in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Therapeutic effects of insulin-sensitizing drugs on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: experiment with rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of insulin-sensitizing drugs, rosiglitazone and metformin, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Forty-four male SD rats were randomized into 4 groups: normal control group (n = 8, fed with normal food) and NAFLD rats (n = 36, fed with high-fat food). Eight weeks later 4 rats were randomly selected from the NAFLD group and were killed to undergo pathological examination of the liver. When the establishment of experimental model of NAFLD rats was confirmed the remaining 32 NAFLD rats were subdivided into 4 equal subgroups: NAFLD control group (to be fed continuously with high-fat food), rosiglitazone treatment group (fed with normal food and rosiglitazone 1.5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) by gastric perfusion), metformin treatment group (fed with normal food and metformin 150 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) by gastric perfusion), and dietary treatment group (fed with normal food and normal saline by gastric perfusion). By the end of the 12th week, all rats were killed to isolate the samples of serum to test the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Samples of liver tissue were taken to undergo pathology to examine fatty degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration and detection of the levels of TC and TG. In the liver the weights of body and liver were measured so as to calculate the liver index. RESULTS: (1) The levels of serum TC, TG, ALT, and AST, liver TC and TG, and liver index of the NAFLD control group increased significantly, and the liver histology of the NAFLD control group expressed moderate to severe fatty degeneration. (2) The serum TC levels of the rosiglitazone and metformin groups were 2.49 mmol/L +/- 0.68 mmol/L and 2.49 mmol/L +/- 0.58 mmol/L, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD control group (4.55 mmol/L +/- 1.58 mmol/L, both P < 0.001). The serum TG levels of the rosiglitazone and metformin groups were 0.61 mmol/L +/- 0.17 mmol/L and 0.63 mmol/L +/- 0.16 mmol/L respectively, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD control group (0.85 mmol/L +/- 0.15 mmol/L, both P < 0.001). The serum level of ALT of the rosiglitazone and metformin groups were 38.3 U/L +/- 10.6 U/L and 43.3 U/L +/- 27.5 U/L respectively, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD control group (110.6 U/L +/- 44.2 U/L, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). The serum levels of AST of the rosiglitazone and metformin groups were 141.7 U/L +/- 14.3 U/L and 174.5 U/L +/- 57.9 U/L, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD control group (251.8 U/L +/- 91.0 U/L, both P < 0.05). The liver TG levels of the rosiglitazone and metformin groups were 18.9 mg/g +/- 2.7 mg/g and 20.4 mg/g +/- 3.6 mg/g respectively, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD control group (54.8 mg/g +/- 7.6 mg/g, both P < 0.05). The fatty degeneration grades of liver tissues of the rosiglitazone and metformin groups were grade: 0.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.0 +/- 0.2, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD control group (grade 2.8 +/- 0.5, both P < 0.05). The hepatic inflammation scores of: the rosiglitazone and metformin groups were 0.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.0 +/- 0.3 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD control group (1.8 +/- 0.4, both P < 0.05). The levels of abnormality in serum TC and TG, liver TG, and liver histology of the dietary treatment group were all alleviated in comparison with the NAFLD control group, but were somewhat severer than those of the rosiglitazone and metformin treatment groups. (3) The serum TNF-alpha levels of the rosiglitazone and metformin treatment groups were 124.6 pg/mL +/- 21.0 pg/mL, 154.9 pg/mL +/- 32.5 pg/mL respectively, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD group (324.2 pg/mL +/- 34.2 pg/mL, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). The liver TNF-alpha levels of the rosiglitazone and metformin treatment groups were 0.24 +/- 0.14 and 0.30 +/- 0.12 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD group (0.85 +/- 0.12, both P < 0.001). The levels of FAS mRNA expression of the rosiglitazone and metformin treatment groups were 0.22 +/- 0.14 and 0.29 +/- 0.16 respectively, both significantly lower than that of the NAFLD group (0.68 +/- 0.23, P < 0.001 and P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The insulin-sensitizing drugs, rosiglitazone and metformin, are effective in the treatment of NAFLD.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed2006

[Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging of carcinoma of cardia or fundus of stomach].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) in carcinoma of cardia or fundus of stomach. METHODS: From April 1999 to April 2005, 57 patients with carcinoma of cardia or fundus of stomach were imaged with FDG-PET. FDG-PET imaging were analyzed by visual method combined with semiquantitative analysis. The results were compared with pathological findings and follow-up results. RESULTS: In 29 untreated patients, 25 T(2) to T(4) tumors were all FDG avid and 4 T(1) cases showed nothing abnormal at the primary site. In 24 patients performed curative operation 40 resected enlarged lymph nodes beyond 1 cm were diagnosed correctly by FDG-PET. FDG-PET revealed distant metastases in 5 patients and corrected them from curative surgery candidates to late stage. In 28 treated patients FDG-PET confirmed 22 cases with recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET has limited value in confirming T stage in carcinoma of cardia or fundus of stomach. It showed potential in N and M staging and predicting treatment response.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Treatment of uninformative families in mean allele sharing tests for linkage.

Using affected sibling pairs, the mean allele sharing statistic tests for linkage by testing if the mean proportion of alleles that are identical-by-descent (IBD) is equal to a half. The behavior of some versions of the mean allele sharing test statistic depends on whether or not families that are uninformative for their IBD status are included; the SIBPAL version provides less significant values when all families (informative and uninformative) are used than when only informative families are used. Here, we investigate this behavior both analytically and by simulation. Our investigation shows that the main issue is the choice of the variance estimator in the denominator of the statistic. The choice of the denominator is very important and is still not totally resolved. Our mathematical explanation supported by our simulation study might aid in the search for an optimum solution.

Alleles↗

PubMed2006

Residual renal function and volume control in peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Fluid overload is not uncommon in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Previous studies suggested that residual renal function (RRF) played an important role in maintaining fluid balance. However, good fluid status should be a balance between fluid intake and removal. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of RRF on patients' fluid status after focusing on the balance between fluid intake and removal in CAPD patients. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 195 stable CAPD patients in a single center were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to their urine output: anuric group with urine < or =100 ml/day, oliguric group with urine < or =400 ml/day and UO >400 ml group with urine >400 ml/day. Fluid status was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The sodium removal and plasma sodium concentration were also measured. All the patients were educated to try to achieve good volume control by focusing on salt and fluid intake and their removals. RESULTS: There were 51, 31 and 113 patients in anuric, oliguric and UO >400 ml group, respectively. Anuric patients were older and had been on CAPD longer than that of the oliguric and UO >400 ml patients (p < 0.05). The urine output in the three groups were 9.28 +/- 22.68, 236.13 +/- 75.43 and 1,013.34 +/- 541.54 ml/day, respectively (p < 0.001). Bioimpedance analysis showed that the differences of extracellular water, intracellular water and total body water were not statistically significant among the three groups. However, there was significant difference in MAP among the three groups (MAP in anuric, oliguric and UO >400 ml groups were 93.27 +/- 13.35, 96.63 +/- 9.94 and 102.36 +/- 13.70 mm Hg, p < 0.01), and UO >400 ml group had higher MAP than anuric and oliguric groups (p < 0.05). The total sodium removal (renal + peritoneal) in anuric, oliguric and UO >400 ml groups were 96.44 +/- 60.18, 98.95 +/- 73.82 and 134.64 +/- 72.44 mmol/day, respectively (p < 0.01). The UO >400 ml group also had higher plasma sodium concentration than anuric and oliguric groups (plasma sodium in the three groups were 137.49 +/- 3.43, 137.82 +/- 2.63 and 139.15 +/- 3.30 mmol/l, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that extracellular water among anuric, oliguric and UO >400 ml groups was not significantly different, which suggested that RRF may be not so important as expected in maintaining good volume status. The higher blood pressure in patients with higher RRF and higher sodium and fluid removal in the present study suggested restricting salt and fluid intake might be more important for better blood pressure control in CAPD patients.

Antihypertensive Agents↗

PubMed2006

Analysis of phospholipid species in rat peritoneal surface layer by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectrometry.

The main phospholipids in rat peritoneal surface layer were analyzed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) ion-trap mass spectrometry (MS). By using a silica gel column and a gradient of hexane/isopropanol/water as mobile phase containing 5 mmol/L ammonium formate as modifiers, a baseline separation of glycerophosphoehtanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM) and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) was obtained and more than 90 phospholipid constituents in rat peritoneal surface were identified and determined by on-line ion-trap MS detection. The major ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in rat peritoneal surfaces were plasmalogens that were highly enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position. In addition, the fragmentation patterns for each phospholipid class by the ion-trap MS were discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Analgesia for labour pain--analysis of the trends and associations in the Grampian region of Scotland between 1986 and 2001.

BACKGROUND: Although intrapartum analgesia has been in use since Victorian times, there have been few attempts to study its usage from routinely collected data. This population based epidemiological study aimed to analyse retrospective data on the distribution of different types of labour analgesia used by women in the Grampian region of Scotland between 1986 and 2001 in order to examine time trends and associations. METHODS: Data records on all deliveries occurring in the years 1986 to 2001 were extracted from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank. The rates of the use of epidural, opioid and Entonox or no analgesia for pain relief in labour in each year were calculated. Maternal, pregnancy, labour and delivery characteristics were compared among the users of three different analgesics by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 81,418 deliveries were analysed. Of these, 12,659 (15.5%) women had epidural, 33,819 (41.5%) had used opioids and 26,974(33.1%) received either Entonox or no analgesia at all. The women who received epidural analgesia were younger, shorter and heavier and had larger babies (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01, 1.08). Three quarters of them were primigravidae and had longer periods of gestation. They were also more likely to have suffered pregnancy related complications (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.8, 2.4). Labour was more likely to have been induced (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.6, 2.9) and to have lasted longer in this group of women. Women in this group were 5 times more likely to have an instrumental delivery (95% CI 4.9, 5.1) and 7 times more likely to have a Caesarean section (95% CI 5.7, 9.3). CONCLUSION: Non epidural analgesia was found to be the most popular choice for pain relief in labour in the Grampian region between 1986 and 2001, although an increase in the uptake of epidural services is starting to occur. The type of labour analgesia used is associated with the epidemiological characteristics of the women's pregnancy, labour and delivery.

Journal Article↗