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Tao Jiang

Publications and source records attributed to Tao Jiang.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits radiation-induced apoptosis of HUVECs. I. The PI3K/AKT pathway and induction of phosphorylation of BAD.

Radiation-induced endothelial cell apoptosis is involved in the development of many radiation injuries, including radiation-induced skin ulcers. The proangiogenic growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, NUDT6) and VEGF enhance endothelial cell survival. In the present study, we used primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) irradiated with (60)Co gamma rays to explore the effects of bFGF on radiation-induced apoptosis of HUVECs and its signaling pathways. We found that bFGF inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis of HUVECs, and that the effect was mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway was activated by exposure of irradiated HUVECs to bFGF, involving phosphorylation of FGFR, PI3K and AKT. The survival-enhancing effect of bFGF was abrogated by wortmannin and LY294002. Transfection of a dominant-negative mutant of AKT completely blocked the anti-apoptosis effect of bFGF in irradiated HUVECs. We also found evidence for the first time that bFGF induced BAD phosphorylation in the gamma-irradiated HUVECs. These results showed that the PI3K/AKT pathway participated in the bFGF-induced modulation of the survival of irradiated HUVECs. Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in bFGF-induced endothelial cell survival in the treatment of radiation-induced skin ulcers.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2004

Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits radiation-induced apoptosis of HUVECs. II. The RAS/MAPK pathway and phosphorylation of BAD at serine 112.

Radiation-induced endothelial cell apoptosis is involved in the development of many radiation injuries, including radiation-induced skin ulcers. The proangiogenic growth factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, NUDT6) enhances endothelial cell survival. In the present study, we set up a model of apoptosis in which primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were irradiated with (60)Co gamma rays to explore the effects of bFGF on radiation-induced apoptosis of HUVECs and the signaling pathways involved. We found that bFGF inhibited radiation-induced apoptosis of HUVECs, and that the effect was mediated in part by the RAS/MEK/ MAPK/RSK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase)/BAD pathway. This pathway was activated by exposure of irradiated HUVECs to bFGF, involving phosphorylation of FGFR, MEK and p44/42 MAPK. The survival-enhancing effect of bFGF was partly inhibited by U0126 and PD98059. The fact that the anti-apoptosis effect of bFGF on irradiated HUVECs was not completely abrogated by U0126 and PD98059 suggests that other survival signaling pathways may exist. Transfection of a dominant-negative form of RSK2 (DN RSK2) partly blocked the anti-apoptosis effect of bFGF in irradiated HUVECs. Moreover, we provide evidence for the first time that bFGF induced BAD phosphorylation (at serine 112) and CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) activation (phosphorylation at serine 133) in gamma-irradiated HUVECs. In our model, inhibition of MAPK signaling-dependent phosphorylation of BAD at serine 112 promoted increased association with BCL-X(L), suggesting that MAPK pathway-dependent serine 112 phosphorylation of BAD is critical for the effect of bFGF on cell survival. These results showed that RAS/MAPK/BAD pathway participated in the bFGF-induced effect on survival of HUVECs exposed to radiation. It is suggested that RAS/ MAPK pathway in tumor vascular endothelium could be a potential therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of ionizing radiation.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2004

[Management and investigation of testicular torsion].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion. METHODS: The clinical data of 9 cases of suspected testicular torsion were restrospectively analyzed to summarize the diagnostic experiences. RESULTS: The 9 patients were 12-27 (mean 15) years old, 8 treated by surgery and 1 by spontaneous detorsion under anesthesia. Among them, 7 cases were proved to be testicular torsion and 1 case was acute epididymitis. Of the 7 cases of testicular torsion, 6 were found to have 180-720-degree torsion around the spermatic cord and 1 case 180-degree around the verticality of the spermatic cord. The accuracy rate of color ultrasonic examination was 87.5%. CONCLUSION: Patients with acute scrotum pain should have color ultrasonic examination. Not all cases of the disease had testicular torsion around the spermatic cord. Emergency operation should be performed on any suspected case of testicular torsion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Partial penectomy combined with penis lengthening to treat penile cancer].

We used the method of partial penectomy combined with penis lengthening to treat 2 cases of penile cancer. The penile lengths were lengthened by 3-4 cm. This method could retain the penis and sexual function to the maximum degree. And a few patients could avoid total penectomy and micturate on their feet. This operation is very simple and safe, with no complication.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Lamellar corneal graft certosina for corneal perforation].

PURPOSE: To explore the treatment of corneal perforation, lamellar corneal graft cetosina was performed in patients with corneal perforation by operation of eliminating foreign body in deep cornea. METHODS: Five patients with operation of eliminating foreign body in deep cornea were treated with lamellar corneal graft certosina from 1999 to 2002. These five cases were all offered 1-week conservative therapy but without curative effect. The period of postoperative follow-up was 1 year. RESULTS: All five cases were healed, and attained satisfying anterior chamber. The inflammation of each anterior pole of eye was controlled quickly. The visual acuity was all improved quickly. The visual acuity was 0.15-1.0 (mean: 0.51) after one year follow-up. Slit-lamp examination showed translucence slight cloudy in the areas of corneal operation. The rest areas of cornea were transparent. No corneal neovascular and fore-and-aft iris conglutination appeared. There was no obvious change by the keratometer and corneal topography. CONCLUSION: Lamellar corneal graft certosina is an effective method for patients with corneal perforation due to operation of eliminating foreign body in deep cornea.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Alteration of survivin gene expression in ovarian cancer cell line CAOV3 after chemotherapy in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To study the alteration of survivin gene expression in ovarian cancer cell CAOV3 after chemotherapy in vitro. METHODS: After the secondary culture of ovarian cancer cell line CAOV3, inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth induced by paclitaxel or carboplatin at different concentration was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). Alteration of survivin mRNA expression was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in ovarian cancer cells which had been cultured with paclitaxel or carboplatin of high concentration (200, 500 mg/L) for 1 d or of low concentration (20, 50 mg/L) for 1, 3 and 5 d, respectively. Meanwhile, CAOV3 cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The inhibition rates on growth of ovarian cancer cell CAOV3 by different concentrations of paclitaxel or carboplatin after 48 h were 94%, 88%, 34%, 22%, 13% and 97%, 46%, 14%, 9%, 7%. The apoptosis rates of CAOV3 in low concentration paclitaxel for 1, 3, and 5 d were 15%, 23% and 29%. And the apoptosis rate in high concentration paclitaxel for 1 d was 43%. The apoptosis rate of CAOV3 in low concentration carboplatin for 1, 3, and 5 d were 14%, 22% and 26%. And in high concentration carboplatin for 1 d the rate was 19%. Expression of survivin mRNA increased distinctly after culturing in paclitaxel or carboplatin of low concentration for 3 d and of high concentration for 1 d compared to the control group (P < 0.01), the increase was especially evident in paclitaxel treated group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Survivin gene may play an inhibitory role in the chemotherapy of ovarian cancer cell CAOV3 in vitro.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Experimental research on the effect of arsenic trioxide on the growth of prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the growth of human androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines. METHODS: The changes of the growth and shape of PC-3 cells cultured in As2O3 of different concentrations were observed under the optical microscope after using different concentrations of As2O3, and the growth inhibition curve of As2O3 was obtained by means of MTT. An analysis was made of the apoptosis of the PC-3 cells treated with different concentrations of As2O3 by flow cytometry. And the inhibiting mechanism of As2O3was investigated by means of Annexin-V-FIFC/PI double staining. RESULTS: Affected by As2O3, the PC-3 cells turned round and small and less transparent in cytoplasm, and some sheded and suspended in the culture medium. Forty-eight hours after treatment with different concentrations of As2O3 (7.8125 micromol/L, 15.625 micromol/L, 31.25 micromol/L, 62.5 micromol/L, 125 micromol/L, 250 micromol/L, 500 micromol/L), the growth inhibition rates of the PC-3 cells were (0.06+/-0.99)%, (15.01+/-1.12)%, (29.21+/-1.31)%, (34.32+/-1.14)%, (40.51+/-1.81)%, (69.39+/-1.74)%, and (73.19+/- 2.41)% respectively; and 72 hours after treatment, the growth inhibition rates were (0.04+/-1.51)%, (16.19+/-1.04)%, (43.61+/-1.12)%, (56.66+/-1.23)%, (73.13+/-2.61)%, (5.22+/-1.74)% and (91.41+/-2.81)%, respectively. Forty-eight hours after the administration of different concentrations of As2O3 (0.1 micromol/L, 1.0 micromol/L, 3.0 micromol/L, 5.0 micromol/L, 20.0 micromol/L, 50.0 micromol/L), the apoptosis rates were 0.87%, 5.33%, 8.94%, 9.66%, 12.56%, 45.59% and 69.09%, respectively; and 72 hours after the administration, the apoptosis rates were 0.13%, 13.49%, 4.96%, 11.10%, 20.72%, 92.92% and 93.61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: As2O3 could inhibit the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cell lines. The inhibiting effect on PC-3 cell lines is correlated with the time of treatment and concentration of As2O3, and accelerates cell apoptosis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2004

Computational prediction of operons in Synechococcus sp. WH8102.

We computationally predict operons in the Synechococcus sp. WH8102 genome based on three types of genomic data: intergenic distances, COG gene functions and phylogenetic profiles. In the proposed method, we first estimate a log-likelihood distribution for each type of genomic data, and then fuse these distribution information by a perceptron to discriminate pairs of genes within operons (WO pairs) from those across transcription unit borders (TUB pairs). Computational experiments demonstrated that WO pairs tend to have shorter intergenic distances, a higher probability being in the same COG functional categories and more similar phylogenetic profiles than TUB pairs, indicating their powerful capabilities for operon prediction. By testing the method on 236 known operons of Escherichia coli K12, an overall accuracy of 83.8% is obtained by joint learning from multiple types of genomic data, whereas individual information source yields accuracies of 80.4%, 74.4%, and 70.6% respectively. We have applied this new approach, in conjunction with our previous comparative genome analysis-based approach, to predict 556 (putative) operons in WH8102. All predicted data are available at (http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~xin/operons.htm) for public use.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2004

[Study on the mechanism of discoloration and the efficacy of bleaching in non-infected traumatically discolored teeth].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of discoloration and the efficacy of bleaching in non-infected traumatically discolored teeth. METHODS: In vitro model of discolored teeth: sample of fresh erythrocytes was placed in the pulp cavity of 20 extracted teeth and centrifuged for 3 consecutive days. These discolored teeth were divided equally and randomly into two groups: group A (control group); group B (bleaching group), bleached with 10% carbamide peroxide gel for 4 weeks. And then all teeth were prepared for histological examination and subjected to a series of histochemical tests to analyze some of the biochemical changes following haemorrhage into the pulp chamber and post-bleaching. RESULTS: Haemoglobin and haematin were detected in the dentinal tubules of discolored teeth from group A and no evidence of ferric or haemosiderin. Specimens from group B demonstrated a negative response to histochemical tests. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of bacterial invasive, haemoglobin and haematin could cause discoloration of non-infected traumatized teeth. Peroxide bleaching agent can effectively remove haemoglobin and haematin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Modelling the biological performance of a side-stream membrane bioreactor using ASM1.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are attracting global interest but the mathematical modeling of the biological performance of MBRs remains very limited. This study focuses on the modelling of a side-stream MBR system using Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1), and comparing the results with the modelling of traditional activated sludge processes. ASM1 parameters relevant for the long-term biological behaviour in MBR systems were calibrated (i.e. Y(H) = 0.72gCOD/gCOD, Y(A) = 0.25gCOD/gN, b(H) = 0.25 d(-1), b(A) = 0.080 d(-1) and f(P) = 0.06), and generally agreed with the parameters in traditional activated sludge processes, with the exception that a higher autotrophic biomass decay rate was observed in the MBR. A sensitivity analysis for steady state operation and DO dynamics suggested that the biological performance of the MBR system (the sludge concentration, effluent quality and the DO dynamics) are very sensitive to the parameters(i.e. Y(H), Y(A), b(H), b(A), micro(maxH) and micro(maxA)), and influent wastewater components(X(I), S(S), X(S), S(NH)).

Biomass↗
PubMed2003

Study on the phase behaviors, viscosities, and thermodynamic properties of CO2/[C(4)mim][PF(6)]/methanol system at elevated pressures.

An apparatus to determine the vapor-liquid equilibria of CO(2)/ionic liquid (IL)/organic solvent multisystems and the viscosity of the liquid phase at elevated pressures has been constructed. The solubility of CO(2) in 3-butyl-1-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C(4)mim][PF(6)]) and the viscosity of CO(2)-saturated [C(4)mim][PF(6)] have been studied at 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 K and at pressures up to 12.5 MPa. The phase behavior of CO(2)/[C(4)mim][PF(6)]/methanol ternary mixture and the viscosity of the liquid phases at equilibrium condition have also been determined at 313.15 K and at 7.15 and 10.00 MPa. The partition coefficients of the components in the ternary system are calculated. Peng-Robinson equation of state and some thermodynamic functions are combined to calculate the fugacity coefficients of the components in the system. It demonstrates that the viscosity of the IL-rich phase decreases significantly with increasing pressure of CO(2), and the effect of temperature on the viscosity of CO(2)/IL mixture is not noticeable at high pressure, although the viscosity of the CO(2)-free IL decreases dramatically with increasing temperature. Compressed CO(2) may become an attractive reagent for reducing the viscosity of ILs in many applications. The mole fraction of methanol in the CO(2)-rich phase is much lower than that in the IL-rich phase; this indicates that the interaction between the IL and methanol is stronger than that between CO(2) and methanol. The fugacity coefficient of CO(2) in IL-rich phase is larger than unity, while that of methanol is much small than unity, which further suggests that methanol-IL interaction is much stronger than CO(2)-IL interaction. However, the CO(2)-IL interaction is stronger than the CO(2)-methanol interaction.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Organic reactions and nanoparticle preparation in CO(2)-induced water/P104/p-xylene microemulsions.

Nanometer-sized gold particles are synthesized by the reduction of HAuCl(4) with KBH(4) in the CO(2)-induced microemulsion of (EO)(27)(PO)(61)(EO)(27) (P104; EO=ethylene oxide, PO=propylene oxide)/p-xylene/CO(2)/H(2)O. The recovery of gold particles from the microemulsion can be easily accomplished by the venting of CO(2), while the surfactant remains in the organic phase. The effect of the molar ratio of the reductant to HAuCl(4), the concentration of the reactants, and the molar ratio of water to EO segments (W(0)) in the reverse micelles on the size of the gold particles is studied. The hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride (BzCl) and p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (NPhCl) has also been carried out in the microemulsion. The results show that the observed rate constants k(obs) of both substrates increase significantly with W(0), and that W(0) has a larger influence on the hydrolysis of BzCl. The different extents of the influence of W(0) on the two reactions can be ascribed to the different reaction mechanisms and the expected changes in nucleophilicity and polarity of water in the reverse micelles.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Low-density lipoprotein in hypercholesterolemic human plasma induces vascular endothelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor 2 transcription.

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) can be induced in vitro by experimentally modified LDL. Description of proapoptotic circulating lipoproteins may significantly enhance understanding of atherothrombosis pathophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fast protein liquid chromatography of LDL samples from 7 asymptomatic, hypercholesterolemic patients yielded subfractions L1-L5 in increasing electronegativity. L4 and L5 were not detectable or collectible in normolipidemic samples. In bovine aortic EC cultures, L5 induced marked apoptosis and L4 had a mild effect, whereas hypercholesterolemic or normolipidemic L1-L3 had negligible effects. Compared with copper-oxidized LDL, L5 was only mildly oxidized, although its propensity to form conjugated dienes in response to copper exceeded that of other subfractions. L5-induced apoptosis was associated with suppressed fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) transcription, as assessed by nuclear run-on analysis. Degrading platelet-activating factor (PAF)-like lipids in L5 by a recombinant PAF acetylhydrolase prevented both FGF-2 downregulation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the ability of L5 lipid extract to induce calcium influx into neutrophils was lost after pretreatment of the extract with PAF acetylhydrolase. FGF-2 supplementation, PAF receptor (PAFR) blockade with WEB-2086, and inactivation of PAFR-coupled Gi protein with pertussis toxin all effectively attenuated L5-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that a highly electronegative, mildly oxidized LDL subfraction present in human hypercholesterolemic but not normolipidemic plasma can induce apoptosis in cultured ECs. The evidence that a freshly isolated LDL species modulates transcription of FGF-2 may provide a physiological insight into the mechanism of vascular EC apoptosis in hypercholesterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of intraischemic mild hypothermia on interleukin-1beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 contents in ischemic core of rat cortex after transient focal cerebral ischemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intraischemic mild hypothermia on the protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the ischemic core of rat cortex after transient focal cerebralischemia. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normothermic (37 degrees C) and mild hypothermic (32 - 33 degrees C) groups. The normothermic group was redivided into six subgroups of 8 rats: sham operation, ischemia for 2 hours without reperfusion, and reperfusion for 6 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours respectively after ischemia; and the mild hypothermic group was redivided into 4 group with 8 rats: reperfusion for 6, 16, 24, and 48 hours. The rats except those in the sham operation subgroup were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion by insertion a specially prepared nylon filament for two hours. Ice bag was used to lower the brain temperature and anal temperature soon after ischemia to 32.0 - 33.0 degrees C within 10 minutes in the mild hypothermic subgroups. The brain and anal temperature remained at 37.0 - 37.5 degrees C in all normothermic subgroups. Then the rats were killed 0, 6, 16, 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion respectively and their brains were taken out to examine the size of brain infarct by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining reaction. The protein levels of IL-1beta and MCP-1 in the cortical ischemic core were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: No significant change of IL-1beta protein level was found in the cortical ischemic cores at any time point after reperfusion among the normothermic subgroups. The IL-1beta protein levels at different time points were not significantly different between the intraischemic mild hypothermia subgroups and the normothermic subgroups (all P > 0.05). The MCP-1 protein level in the cortical ischemic cores of the normothermic subgroups began to increase since the 6th hour afer reperfusion (22.5 +/- 8.7 ng x g tissue(-1), 17 times that in the sham operation samples, P < 0.05), peaked in 48 hours (110.9 +/- 47.0 ng x g tissue(-1), 83.7 times that in the sham operation sample, P < 0.001). The protein level of MCP-1 in the mild hypothermic subgroups was 8.7 +/- 7.6 ng x g tissue(-1) 6 h after reperfusion (P < 0.005 in comparison with those in sham operation subgroup and ischemia subgroup) and was 56.0 +/- 40.3 ng x g tissue(-1), 48 hours after reperfusion (P < 0.05) incomparison with those in the normothermic subgroups). The sizes of cortical infarct at different time points in the mild hypothermic subgroups were significantly smaller than those in the normothermic subgroups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Mild hypothermia reduces the level of MCP-1 in the cortex after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion which may be one of the important mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Structures of cadmium-binding acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas at 1.9A resolution.

Phospholipase A(2) coordinates Ca(2+) ion through three carbonyl oxygen atoms of residues 28, 30, and 32, two carboxyl oxygen atoms of residue Asp49, and two (or one) water molecules, forming seven (or six) coordinate geometry of Ca(2+) ligands. Two crystal structures of cadmium-binding acidic phospholipase A(2) from the venom of Agkistrodon halys Pallas (i.e., Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus) at different pH values (5.9 and 7.4) were determined to 1.9A resolution by the isomorphous difference Fourier method. The well-refined structures revealed that a Cd(2+) ion occupied the position expected for a Ca(2+) ion, and that the substitution of Cd(2+) for Ca(2+) resulted in detectable changes in the metal-binding region: one of the carboxyl oxygen atoms from residue Asp49 was farther from the metal ion while the other one was closer and there were no water molecules coordinating to the metal ion. Thus the Cd(2+)-binding region appears to have four coordinating oxygen ligands. The cadmium binding to the enzyme induced no other significant conformational change in the enzyme molecule elsewhere. The mechanism for divalent cadmium cation to support substrate binding but not catalysis is discussed.

Agkistrodon↗
PubMed2003

Probabilistic analysis indicates discordant gene trees in chloroplast evolution.

Analyses of whole-genome data often reveal that some genes have evolutionary histories that diverge from the majority phylogeny estimated for the entire genome. We present a probabilistic model that deals with heterogeneity among gene trees, implement it via the Gibbs sampler, and apply it to the plastid genome. Plastids and their genomes are transmitted as a single block without recombination, hence homogeneity among gene trees within this genome is expected. Nevertheless, previous work has revealed clear heterogeneity among plastid genes (e.g., Delwiche and Palmer 1996). Other studies, using whole plastid genomes of various algae and land plants, found little additional heterogeneity (Martin et al. 1998; Adachi et al. 2000). We augment the earlier studies by using a data set of 14 taxa: 6 land plants, 2 green algae, a diatom, 2 red algae and a cryptophyte, the cyanelle of the glaucocystophyte Cyanophora, and the blue-green alga Synechocystis as an outgroup. Contrary to the earlier analyses, we cannot find even a single, dominant consensus tree. Therefore, we formulate a probabilistic model that divides the genes into two sets: those that follow the consensus tree and those that have independent gene trees. No particular tree is supported by more than three-fourths of the genes. But the set of genes that follows a certain tree is fairly independent of data processing and the method of analysis. With one possible exception, we find no evidence for collinear or functionally related genes to follow similar trees. The phylogenetic pattern also seems independent of bias in amino acid composition. Among possible explanations for the observed phenomenon, the hypothesis that different genes have different covarion structures is difficult to assess. But gene duplication may be possible through the inverted or direct repeat regions, while horizontal gene transfer seems less likely. In contrast to green algae and land plants, inverted repeat regions in red algae and in Cyanophora show abundant differences among the copies. Thus, genes may get duplicated when they are recruited into the inverted repeat region and one of the two copies may be lost after leaving the inverted repeat region.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed2003

A genome sequence of novel SARS-CoV isolates: the genotype, GD-Ins29, leads to a hypothesis of viral transmission in South China.

We report a complete genomic sequence of rare isolates (minor genotype) of the SARS-CoV from SARS patients in Guangdong, China, where the first few cases emerged. The most striking discovery from the isolate is an extra 29-nucleotide sequence located at the nucleotide positions between 27,863 and 27,864 (referred to the complete sequence of BJ01) within an overlapped region composed of BGI-PUP5 (BGI-postulated uncharacterized protein 5) and BGI-PUP6 upstream of the N (nucleocapsid) protein. The discovery of this minor genotype, GD-Ins29, suggests a significant genetic event and differentiates it from the previously reported genotype, the dominant form among all sequenced SARS-CoV isolates. A 17-nt segment of this extra sequence is identical to a segment of the same size in two human mRNA sequences that may interfere with viral replication and transcription in the cytosol of the infected cells. It provides a new avenue for the exploration of the virus-host interaction in viral evolution, host pathogenesis, and vaccine development.

Base Sequence↗