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Tadashi Shimoyama

Publications and source records attributed to Tadashi Shimoyama.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A traditional Japanese medicine mitigates TNBS-induced colitis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Differences in dietary habits may be one of the reasons that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has remained lower in Japan than in Western countries. We investigated whether a traditional Japanese medicine (Strong Wakamto), based on Aspergillus oryzae koji, would exert any effect on experimental colitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Colitis was induced using an enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol. Strong Wakamto was administered for 28 days before induction of colitis and for 7 days thereafter, and the effect of this medicine was evaluated. RESULTS: Treatment with 5% Strong Wakamto improved loss of body-weight, increased colon weight and significantly decreased the histological damage score for colon mucosa. Decreases in faecal Lactobacillus sp., superoxide dismutase activity and zinc concentrations, and the increased IL-1beta expression in colonic tissue after TNBS enema were improved when Strong Wakamto was given. The present in vitro studies indicate that administration of Strong Wakamto prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in human macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of Strong Wakamto mitigates experimental inflammatory bowel disease induced by TNBS enema in rats. The beneficial effects seem attributable to a combination of balancing microflora, immunomodulatory effects on gut macrophages, and enhancement of anti-superoxide activity in colonic tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Duration of the metronidazole-containing regimen for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in northern Japan.

Metronidazole is often used to eradicate clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate duration of metronidazole-containing treatment for the eradication of H. pylori infection in northern Japan. We enrolled 83 H. pylori-positive patients in whom first-line triple therapy consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and clarithromycin had failed. Prior to the second-line therapy, patients underwent endoscopy to obtain H. pylori strains to test the susceptibility to antibiotics. Patients were administered lansoprazole (30 mg b.d.), amoxicillin (750 mg b.d.) and metronidazole (250 mg b.d.) for 5 or 7 days, and the treatment results were tested by (13)C-UBT. None of the isolated H. pylori strains was amoxicillin- or metronidazole-resistant. All the patients completed the regimen without major adverse effects. The eradication rate was 95.1% (39/41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 83.5-99.4%) in the 41 patients who were treated for 5 days and 95.2% (40/42; 95% CI, 83.8-99.4%) in the 42 patients treated for 7 days. The results suggest that 5 days could be a sufficient duration for triple therapy of lansoprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole as a second-line H. pylori eradication therapy in areas where metronidazole-resistant strains are rare.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2005

Acute esophageal necrosis caused by alcohol abuse.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is extremely rare and the pathogenesis of this is still unknown. We report a case of AEN caused by alcohol abuse. In our case, the main pathogenesis could be accounted for low systemic perfusion caused by severe alcoholic lactic acidosis. After the healing of AEN, balloon dilatation was effective to manage the stricture.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed2005

Withdrawing method of the stiffening tube incidentally inserted into the descending colon.

We experienced a very rare complication of colonoscopy, a migration of stiffening tube into the colorectum. We herein introduce a withdrawing method of migrating stiffening tube incidentally inserted into the colorectum. A 65-year-old Japanese woman underwent colonoscopy because of abdominal discomfort. We used stiffening tube to insert the scope to the proximal colon because of her redundant sigmoid colon. When withdrawing the scope, we realized that the tube was fully inside the colorectum. We could not remove the tube instantly, and it reached the splenic flexure, finally. We reinserted the scope through the migrating tube, straightened the scope, and withdrew it holding a slight angle of the scope over the proximal end of the tube. Then, we could safely remove the tube along with the scope through the anus.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Relation of CagA seropositivity to cagPAI phenotype and histological grade of gastritis in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

AIM: Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) possessing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) has been associated with severe clinical outcome and CagA-antibody has been used to indicate cagPAI-positive infection. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of CagA seropositivity to indicate the virulence of the cagPAI in Japan. METHODS: Sixty isolates of H pylori cultured from gastric biopsies were examined by polymerase chain reaction assays for the presence of cagA, cagE and VirD4. Anti-CagA IgG antibody in matching sera was tested by both ELISA and immunoblot assay. Histological grade of gastritis was graded according to the updated Sydney System. RESULTS: Amongst 53 patients infected with cagA+/cagE+/VirD4+ strain, 38 were CagA seropositive. There were four patients infected with strains possessing incomplete cagPAI. Two out of three patients with cagA+/cagE-/VirD4- infection were CagA seropositive, while a patient with cagA-/cagE+/VirD4+ infection was CagA seronegative. Accuracy of ELISA to predict bacterial possession of cagA was 61.7% whereas 58.3% for cagE and VirD4. The immunoblot assay showed relatively higher sensitivity and showed better accuracy. The lower grade of gastric mucosal inflammatory infiltration was seen in false CagA-seronegative patients. CONCLUSION: Some serodiagnosis does not seem to have enough accuracy to indicate virulence of cagPAI, particularly in infection of strains with incomplete cagPAI. The degree of gastric mucosal inflammation may affect the results of CagA serodiagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Confounding by dietary factors in case-control studies on the efficacy of cancer screening in Japan.

Evaluation of cancer screening using case-control studies is less valid in comparison to randomized controlled trails, due to the intrusion of a possible self-selection bias in the former. The randomized controlled trial approach, however, may be difficult in developed countries where mass cancer screening programs are already being performed nationally. Accordingly, case-control studies are often performed instead of randomized controlled trials. In case-control studies, no reports could be found in the literature using dietary habit, an important influencing factor in carcinogenesis, as an adjusting item. We surveyed nutrition and food intake status through a nutrition survey using the weighing method, and smoking prevalence and alcohol consumption with questionnaires in the general population in northern Japan, in subjects over 30 years of age. We then compared these results among non-participants and participants in cancer screening programs, and evaluated how any differences between the two groups might affect the results of case-control studies. Non-participants had a significantly lower intake of vegetables, carotene, vitamin C, and dietary fiber, which are thought to be beneficial factors in the prevention of carcinogenesis. Non-participants had a significantly higher cigarette smoking prevalence than participants. In relation to the intake of vegetables, a difference between participants and non-participants was evident, as proper adjustment for vegetable intake led to an odds ratio closer to the null value. The value of the odds ratio will probably not decrease, but it might increase when other dietary factors or smoking are taken into consideration.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of the amount of pectin in the human terminal ileum with the amount of orally administered pectin.

OBJECTIVE: Dietary fiber by definition is resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine, and it should naturally reach the large intestine. To date, there have been several reports that have examined in vivo how much dietary fiber actually reaches the terminal ileum in human subjects using glucose, with large differences in results. We compared the amount of pectin in the human terminal ileum with that of orally administered pectin. METHODS: Seven healthy male volunteers ages 20 to 27 y were given a test meal containing 4.05 g of pectin. A double-lumen tube was placed in the terminal ileum by using the endoscopic retrograde bowel insertion method, and the ileal contents were aspirated through the tube. Amounts of pectin orally administered and collected from the terminal ileum were estimated as galacturonic acid concentrations (Englyst's method) and were compared with each other. RESULTS: The mean +/- standard deviation amount of pectin collected in the terminal ileum was 3.58 +/- 0.43 g, or 88.4 +/- 10.5% of pectin administered. Further, there were large individual differences in recovery, ranging from 76.8% to 105.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 90% of ingested pectin was recovered in the terminal ileum in this study. Ten percent may have been degraded by bacteria within the digestive tract, especially the terminal ileum.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Bowel habits before and during menses in Japanese women of climacteric age: a population based study.

A good deal of data are available on the bowel habits of pre-climacteric females during menstruation. Few studies have examined the same subject in females of climacteric age but who are still menstruating, so the present study was undertaken to examine the bowel habits in menstruating females in this age group. Subjects (n = 246) were residents of a city in northern Japan, aged from 45 to 55 years old and who were still menstruating. Their every-day state of defecation and fecal characteristics were assessed with regard to four parameters: bowel movement frequency, defecation state, fecal appearance and fecal consistency. Based on a perfect match to these four criteria, the subjects were assigned to two groups, the normal group and the constipation group, and changes were assessed by enquiring how their bowel habits differed immediately before and during menses compared with their usual state. Immediately before menstruation, in the constipation group feces became harder and looser in 22.1% and 13.7%, respectively, compared with 8.7% and 9.5% in the normal group. On the other hand, during menstruation in the constipation group, feces became harder and looser in 11.6% and 16.8%, respectively, compared with 5.7% and 8.9% in the normal group. In other words, the constipation group showed a greater change immediately before and during menstruation compared with the normal group, though the differences were not significant. Our data thus suggest that the changes in the bowel habits of women of climacteric age at menstruation are greater for those suffering from constipation than those who are not.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the treatment of Japanese patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.

BACKGROUND: Infection with Helicobacter pylori has been associated with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in the treatment of patients with CIU. METHODS: Fifty patients with CIU (16 men and 34 women; age 25-75 years) and 100 sex- and age-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Presence of IgG antibody to H. pylori was examined by serology. H. pylori-seropositive patients with CIU received endoscopy to confirm H. pylori infection. Patients infected with H. pylori received eradication therapy comprising lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and either clarithromycin or metronidazole. At least 2 months after finishing the eradication therapy, a (13)C-urea breath test was performed, and the effect of eradication therapy on the CIU was scored, using a three-point scale, as complete remission, partial remission, or no improvement. RESULTS: In the 50 patients with CIU, 26 (52%) were H. pylori-seropositive, while 48% (48/100) of the control subjects were seropositive (statistically not significant). Nineteen out of the 26 patients with CIU infected with H. pylori received eradication therapy, and eradication was successful in 17 patients. In the 17 H. pylori-eradicated patients, 6 (35%) had complete remission and 11 (65%) had complete remission or partial remission. On the other hand, in the 9 patients without H. pylori eradication, only 2 (22%) showed partial remission and 7 (78%) had no improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Eradication of H. pylori would be a valid choice for patients with CIU, although the prevalence of H. pylori infection is not higher in patients with CIU than it is in controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy of metronidazole for the treatment of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection in a Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori has become a common treatment for several diseases. There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains, which causes the failure of eradication. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of metronidazole for the treatment of H. pylori infection in patients who failed eradication therapy. METHODS: Seventy H. pylori-positive patients who had failed eradication treatment with first-line triple therapy, which consisted of a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin, were enrolled into the study. Before the second-line therapy, patients underwent endoscopy to obtain H. pylori strains to test susceptibility to antibiotics. Lansoprazole (30 mg b.d.), amoxicillin (750 mg b.d.), and metronidazole (250 mg b.d.) were administered for 1 week, and the result was tested by 13C-UBT. RESULTS: H. pylori was isolated from 62 patients, and 52 of them (83.9%) were clarithromycin resistant. There was no amoxicillin- or metronidazole-resistant strain. No major adverse effects were seen, and all the patients completed the 1-week regimen. The eradication rates of lansoprazole-amoxicillin-metronidazole were 96.2% (51/53; 95% CI, 87.0%-99.5%) using both intention-to-treat analysis and per protocol analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Lansoprazole-amoxicillin-metronidazole triple therapy is an effective and promising second-line H. pylori eradication therapy in a north Japanese population, which has a low frequency of metronidazole resistance.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2004

Adverse effects of energy restriction on myogenic enzymes in judoists.

In this study, we examined the effects of weight reduction by restricting energy intake on muscle function and serum concentrations of myogenic enzymes in judoists. Twenty-seven male judoists aged 19.3 +/- 0.6 years (mean +/- s) were divided into three groups based on the extent of body weight reduction: high weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 78.5 +/- 13.6 kg), low weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 80.7 +/- 13.1 kg) and a group that maintained body weight while continuing to perform exercise training (height 1.78 +/- 0.07 m, body mass 78.7 +/- 8.8 kg). Body composition, blood biochemistry, energy intake and anaerobic power were assessed on four occasions: 20 days (baseline data), 4 days and 1 day before and 7 days after competition. Compared with baseline, body mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower 1 day before competition in the high and low weight reduction groups (both P < 0.01); these changes persisted for 7 days after competition in the high weight reduction group. Serum creatine kinase was significantly elevated 1 day before competition in all groups (all P < 0.05), and remained higher 7 days after competition in both the high and low weight reduction groups. Compared with baseline, maximal anaerobic power was significantly lower 1 day before competition only in the high weight reduction group (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that energy restriction in addition to intense exercise training before major competition has an adverse effect on anaerobic power and elevates serum creatine kinase concentration, leading to an impairment of muscular function and an increased susceptibility of muscle tissue to injury.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2004

The fermentation of different dietary fibers is associated with fecal clostridia levels in men.

Only a few reports have compared the fermentation of pectin and cellulose using the hydrogen-breath test, and no studies have examined the relation between the hydrogen breathing pattern and colonic microflora. Using breath-hydrogen measurements, we investigated whether different dietary fibers (DFs) were fermented differently and whether there were individual differences after ingestion of the same DF; we also examined the relation between individual fecal microflora and the fermentation of DF. Results of hydrogen tests in 14 men were compared after they had ingested 20 g of pectin, 20 g of cellulose, or 6 g of lactulose (a DF-like substance). We examined the relation between the breath hydrogen results and the subjects' fecal microflora. We defined significant fermentation (i.e., positive cases) as a continuous rise in hydrogen in the expiratory air of >19 ppm. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their hydrogen breath test pattern, i.e., positive for lactulose and pectin (Group LP, n = 4); positive for lactulose alone (Group L, n = 7); and negative for pectin, cellulose, and lactulose (Group N, n = 3). Individual differences were noted in subjects from Group LP and Group L. The detection frequency of lecithinase-negative clostridia was higher in Group LP than in the other groups (P < 0.05), and the detection frequency and the number of lecithinase-positive clostridia were higher in Groups LP and L than in Group N (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the Clostridium species are associated with hydrogen production. The hydrogen breath test results of DFs depend on both the type of DF and the individual colonic microflora. The amount and constitution of colonic microflora might be predicted by the hydrogen-breath test using different DFs.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Nutritional effects of supplementing liquid-formula diet with dietary fiber on elderly bed-ridden patients.

In the past few decades, the number of bed-ridden elderly patients has been increasing. This group of patients is frequently fed with a liquid formula diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a liquid formula diet containing dietary fiber (DF) for elderly bed-ridden patients. Eighteen elderly, bed-ridden patients were given L-3 Fiber, a DF-containing liquid formula diet (DF-LFD), for 4 weeks, while a number of parameters were monitored, including serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, sodium, potassium, and calcium, urine protein/sugar, and defecation frequency. Total protein, albumin and total cholesterol significantly increased following the administration of the DF-LFD, associated with an average increase in body weight of 1.94 kg (5.0%). Defecation frequency significantly increased one week after DF-LFD administration was started, but this effect was transient. Although a few patients complained of nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain, no severe side effects were seen. In conclusion, DF-LFD supplementation appears to be beneficial for elderly bed-ridden patients, and can increase nutritional-related parameters, such as body weight, total protein, albumin and total cholesterol, without severe side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A population-based study on defecatory conditions in Japanese subjects: methods for self-evaluation.

We examined the defecatory conditions in a population of Japanese subjects and analyzed the measured parameters as a means for self-evaluation of defecation. Subjects (n=1195) were residents of northern Japan and were all aged over 40 years. The state of defecation and fecal characteristics were assessed with regard to nine parameters including "self-reported bowel habit" and "bowel movement frequency." Logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the association between the complaint of constipation and other eight parameters. A higher tendency for constipation was noted in women than in men. The highest value of the odds ratio was "bowel movement frequency"; especially the value "once per three days or more" was noted in both genders (odds ratio: 13.38 and 42.46 in men and women, respectively). In addition, "stool appearance", "length of time for bowel movement", "straining after bowel movement", "alternating diarrhea/constipation/disorder" and "travel-related changes in bowel movements" were significantly related with the complaint of constipation ("self-reported bowel habits") in both genders. In conclusion, the study elucidated that personal and subjective evaluation of bowel habits in normal subjects consisted of various factors under the heading of "bowel movement frequency".

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Environmental factors affect colon carcinoma and rectal carcinoma in men and women differently.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colon cancer is thought to be more closely associated with environmental factors than rectal cancer, but evidence is currently insufficient. We examined whether there are differences in the degree of environmental effect on colon cancer and rectal cancer in Japan. METHODS: We performed a birth cohort analysis for colon and rectal cancers using Japanese vital statistics from 1950 to 1998 and analyzed time trends by cancer site and gender. RESULTS: The mean annual increase in age-adjusted mortality rate from colon cancer was greater than that from rectal cancer and was greater in men than in women. In men left colon cancer showed the greatest rate of increase whereas cancer of the right colon showed only a slight change. Although left colon cancer rapidly increased until the middle 1980s and thereafter showed no change, right colon cancer showed no change until the middle 1980s and thereafter rapidly increased in men. However, the rates of increase in left colon cancer were greater than those in right colon cancer until the middle 1980s, after which a reversal in trend was seen in women. Birth cohort analysis indicates that for all cohorts the mortality rates at the same age were higher in the recent cohorts than in the previous ones. This trend was more marked for colon cancer than for rectal cancer and was stronger among men than among women. CONCLUSION: Colon cancer is more closely associated than rectal cancer with environmental factors, and this association is more pronounced in men than in women. Consequently cancers at these two sites should not be combined in studies of the role of lifestyle factors in causing these neoplasms. Furthermore, the causes of these diseases may differ in men and women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Low-level laser irradiation attenuates production of reactive oxygen species by human neutrophils.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on production of reactive oxygen (ROS) species by human neutrophils. BACKGROUND DATA: LLLT is an effective therapeutic modality for inflammatory conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The laser device used was the infrared diode laser (GaAlAs), 830-nm continuous wave (150 mW/cm(2)). After irradiation, ROS production by neutrophils was measured using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LmCL) and expression of CD11b and CD16 on neutrophil surface was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The LmCL response of neutrophils was reduced by laser irradiation at 60 min prior to the stimulation with opsonized zymosan and calcium ionophore. The attenuating effect of LLLT was larger in neutrophils of smokers than non-smokers, while the amount of produced ROS was larger in neutrophils of smokers. Expression of CD11b and CD16 on neutrophil surface was not affected by LLLT. CONCLUSION: Attenuation of ROS production by neutrophils may play a role in the effects of LLLT in the treatment of inflammatory tissues. There is a possible usage of LLLT to improve wound healing in smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Morphologic criteria using biopsy specimens to define the risk of gastric cancer in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Although Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with gastric cancer most patients infected with H. pylori do not develop gastric cancer. Gastric biopsy specimens were taken from 49 patients with early intestinal-type gastric cancer and from 49 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Histological features of gastritis were graded according to the updated Sydney System. Mononuclear cell infiltration of the corpus, and intestinal metaplasia of the angle increased the risk of developing gastric cancer. Probability of gastric cancer (PCA) was calculated using these two parameters. The specificities of 70 < PCA for gastric cancer patients, and PCA < 30 for non-cancer subjects were 94 and 95%, respectively. PCA < 20 was observed only in control subjects. Calculation of PCA, which requires only two biopsy specimens, may be useful to define the patients at high or low risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer among patients infected with H. pylori.

Biopsy↗