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T Yoshitake

Publications and source records attributed to T Yoshitake.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The association of the insulin resistance syndrome with impaired glucose tolerance and NIDDM in the Japanese general population: the Hisayama study.

To elucidate the risk factors for initiating glucose intolerance, the relevant factors were explored in a cross-sectional survey conducted in a sample population aged 40-79 years old selected from a Japanese community, Hisayama, Japan in 1988. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was used to classify 1,073 men (72.5% of the entire population in the same age range) and 1,407 women (80.5%) into normal, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus groups. In all age and sex groups with normal glucose tolerance, the sum of fasting and 2-h post-load insulin values varied widely and demonstrated significant positive correlations with triglycerides, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while it negatively correlated to HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). Insulin resistance was presumed to develop in normal glucose tolerance subjects with hyperinsulinaemia. The sum of the insulin concentrations, triglycerides, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and blood pressure levels was significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance in all age and sex groups after adjustment for age (p < 0.05) and was also related to diabetes in either all or some age and sex groups, respectively (p < 0.05). It was shown that glucose intolerance in the general population was associated with the factors related to insulin resistance. These cross-sectional data, therefore, support the hypothesis that insulin resistance is the primary defect in the development of glucose intolerance in the Japanese general population. However, a further prospective study is still needed in order to confirm this hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A comparative histological and immunohistochemical study of thymomas with and without myasthenia gravis.

Because myasthenia gravis (MG) is frequently associated with thymoma, in this study the histological patterns of thymomas from 11 patients with MG (group A) were compared with those from 8 patients without MG (group B). An immunohistochemical examination was also conducted to determine whether the thymoma associated with MG is the site where autoantibodies are produced or secreted. Lymphoid follicles (LFs) and medullary differentiation (MD) were histologically evident only in group A in 4 and 5 patients, respectively, but were completely absent in group B. Moreover, an elevated serum antiacetylcholine receptor antibody titer was found in group A. Typical LFs were histologically and phenotypically similar to the lymph follicles seen in reactive lymph nodes. The number of cells expressing the B-cell antigen differed between groups A and B in terms of IgM- or IgD-bearing cells in the mantle zones and LN1-positive cells in the germinal centers of LFs. Thus, it is thought that LFs consist of B cells under stimulatory conditions and that these B cells may have the potential to produce autoantibodies in MG; however, since the differentiation of these Ig-bearing cells to plasma cells was hardly evident, the thymoma itself is possibly not the site of autoantibody production or secretion in patients with MG.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Focal thymic hyperplasia in an adult: report of a case.

We report herein an unusual case of a 35-year-old Japanese man who underwent thoracotomy for a mass in the mediastinum which was found to be a well circumscribed localized tumor within the thymus. Focal thymic hyperplasia in adults is extremely rare and the clinicopathological features of this case were particularly interesting and posed great difficulty in establishing a diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reduced expression of apoptosis-related antigens in thymuses from patients with myasthenia gravis.

Expression of the apoptosis-related antigens, Fas and BM-1, in thymuses from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) was examined using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fas antigen was markedly decreased in lymphoid follicles in thymuses from patients with MG, but was expressed diffusely in the remaining thymus tissues and in neonatal thymuses. BM-1 antigen was not expressed in the lymphoid follicles or other parts of the thymus. Fas mRNA was also decreased to various degrees in the thymuses from MG patients. Therefore, Fas antigen may play an important role in autoimmune diseases including MG.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Changing patterns in the prevalence of dementia in a Japanese community: the Hisayama study.

We compared type-specific prevalences of dementia between two surveys of Hisayama residents > or = 65 years old conducted in 1985 and 1992. The overall age-adjusted prevalence was greatly decreased from 5.4% in 1985 to 3.3% in 1992 for men, while it was changed little from 7.5 to 6.3% for women. The prevalence of vascular dementia (VD) decreased during the intervening 7 years in men but not in women. The prevalence of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) was the same in either sex. The ratio of VD to SDAT prevalence was 1.8 in 1985 but fell to 1.1 in 1992. The background factors responsible for this change are discussed.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1994

[Mortality from major causes of death and its risk factors in the elderly--26-year follow-up study in Hisayama].

The authors studied mortality from major causes of death and risk factors in the elderly in a long-term prospective survey conducted in a Japanese suburban community, Hisayama. In the baseline survey in 1961, we scrutinized 1658 residents of the town aged 40 years or older accounting for 92% of the total population in this age range. Of those, 591 residents (245 men and 346 women) aged 60 years or older, who were free from major cardiovascular disease, were selected for the present study. They were followed-up for 26 years from 1961 to 1987. The average age was 67 years for men and 70 years for women, being significantly higher for women than for men. During the follow-up period, 529 subjects (89.5%) died, and 448 were autopsied (autopsy rate 84.7%). The all-cause mortality (per 1,000 person-years) after adjustment for age was 89.9 for men and 56.7 for women, the former being significantly higher than the latter (p < 0.01). The age-adjusted mortality from cerebrovascular disease was estimated to be 21.4 for men and 9.9 for women, i.e. 8.9 and 8.8 from heart disease, and 19.9 and 10.6 from neoplasm, and 18.1 and 12.2 from-pneumonia, respectively. There was significant sex difference in mortality from cerebrovascular disease, neoplasm and pneumonia (p < 0.01) but not from heart disease (p > 0.1). Multiple Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis showed systolic blood pressure and male sex to be significant risk factors for death by cerebrovascular disease. Systolic blood pressure was also a predictor for death by heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Hyperinsulinaemia and blood pressure in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between serum insulin and blood pressure, as well as the prevalence of hypertension according to the insulin level in a general Japanese population. DESIGN: In 1988 a cross-sectional community survey was conducted among Hisayama residents aged 40-79 years. METHODS: A total of 1073 males and 1407 females (72.5 and 80.5% of the total population, respectively) underwent comprehensive investigation, including a 75-g oral glucose-tolerance test. Fasting and 2-h serum insulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The sum of the fasting and 2-h postloading insulin levels was significantly correlated with the systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.18 and 0.26 for males and females, respectively) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = 0.24 and 0.19, respectively) in the subjects not receiving antihypertensive drugs. In multiple regression analysis the correlation with blood pressure remained significant in both sexes even after controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, a family history of hypertension, serum total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension (SBP > or = 160 mmHg or DBP > or = 95 mmHg, or both, or receiving drug treatment) increased significantly with an increase in the sum of fasting and 2-h postload insulin levels in both the non-obese subjects (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) and the obese subjects (body mass index > or = 25 kg/m2). Multiple logistic regression showed that the sum of fasting and 2-h postload insulin levels was a significant factor with an independent relationship to hypertension, even after taking the other risk factors into account. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that hyperinsulinaemia is related to hypertension in a general Japanese population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Thymolipoma].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

[Thymoma].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

[Immediate breast reconstruction with the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM-flap)].

The surgical treatment of breast cancer shows a recent trend toward breast-saving procedures, in consideration of quality and body image. Surgeons who performed mastectomy, however, have not taken aggressive approaches to reconstructive surgery, leaving this to plastic surgeons. We adopted the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap (TRAM-flap) for breast reconstruction in 1988 and performed immediate breast reconstructions in 37 cases. There were no major complications, and good cosmetic results were obtained. For general surgeons, this excellent technique can safely cope with tissue defects in radical mastectomy, as well as modified radical mastectomy. Immediate breast reconstruction with this technique will be an integral part of breast cancer surgery in company with breast-saving surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the Japanese general population: the Hisayama Study.

We determined the population-based prevalence of diabetes mellitus in members of the Japanese community, Hisayama aged 40-79 years old by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The basic population used to calculate diabetic prevalence was 1,077 men (72.8% of the whole population in the same age range) and 1,413 women (80.8%) including ten diabetic patients on insulin therapy. In addition, we compared the prevalence of history of diabetes which was acquired by interview or questionnaire, between participants and non-participants in the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, but they were not statistically different. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes to world population was 12.7% for men and 8.4% for women, and that of impaired glucose tolerance was 19.6% for men and 18.4% for women. These figures were much higher than those previously reported from several Japanese communities. The results obtained from the present study could reveal true prevalence of diabetes among the Japanese population. In addition, the reasons for the increasing prevalence of diabetes among the recent Japanese population are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Hyperinsulinemia and hypertension in an elderly Japanese population--the Hisayama Study].

Hyperinsulinemia has been closely associated with hypertension in several epidemiological studies, but little is known about this condition in the elderly. The authors studied the relationship between serum insulin and blood pressure levels, and the prevalence of hypertension according to insulin levels in the elderly in a Japanese rural community, Hisayama. In 1988, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed on 426 male and 567 female Hisayama residents aged 60 to 79 years. Fasting and 2 hr serum insulin values were measured by radioimmunoassay. In the subjects, excluding those receiving antihypertensive drugs, the sum of fasting and 2 hr postload insulin (sigma IRI) significantly correlated with systolic (r = 0.15 and 0.25 for males and females, respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.20, 0.16). In multiple regression analyses, the correlation with systolic blood pressure remained significant in females after controlling for age, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking habits, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose. In contrast, sigma IRI did not remain as an independent variable relevant to blood pressure among males. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertension (> or = 160/95 mmHg or receiving drug treatment) significantly increased with increasing quartiles of sigma IRI in females. The prevalence of hypertension which was not treated with drugs also increased significantly with increasing sigma IRI in females. However, no significant association was observed in males. In conclusion, the present study suggests that hyperinsulinemia can be related to hypertension in the female elderly in the general population of Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Strong expression of L26 antigen in epithelial cells of human neonatal thymus. An immunohistochemical study using light and electron microscopy.

L26 antigens (33- and 30-kDa proteins) are known to be present in human B lymphocytes. We have found that L26 antigens were strictly confined to the thymic medulla. However, the L26 antigens were not as abundant as those in human tonsils. At the ultrastructural level, L26 antigen-positive cells corresponded to thymic epithelial cells with thick bundle-like cytoplasmic filaments. These features may be useful for the identification of thymic epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

[B cell population and its autoimmune activity in the thymus of patients associated with myasthenia gravis].

Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to B lymphocyte and to immunoglobulin G bearing cell were carried out for resected thymus-specimens of 10 patients associated with myasthenia gravis. In each case, abundant B cells (L26 positive cell) resided in the follicles and the medulla of thymus, especially, were congregated in the follicles developing germinal center and around Hassall's corpuscles. Amount of B cell population was various among each case regardless of type of myasthenia gravis or age. B cells were greatly increased in the thymus of patients with values of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody titers over 100 nmol/l. Although numerous B cells were present in the thymus of these patients, IgG bearing cells were extremely rare. In the most cases, B cells lacked IgG expression. From the results, numerous B cells pre-activating autoimmune antibody production were accumulated in the thymus of patients associated with myasthenia gravis.

Adolescent↗