Use of esophageal tracheal combitube to control severe oronasal bleeding associated with craniofacial injury: case report.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yoshioka
Publications and source records attributed to T Yoshioka.
Preclinical in vivo antitumor efficacy of nedaplatin with gemcitabine against human lung cancer.
The antitumor efficacy of the combination of nedaplatin (NDP) with gemcitabine (GEM) was evaluated. We also compared the antitumor activity of NDP plus GEM with that of cisplatin (CDDP) plus GEM or carboplatin (CBDCA) plus GEM. Ma44, which is a human lung cancer sensitive to GEM, and NCI-H460, which is a human lung cancer refractory to GEM, were used in this study. GEM was injected i.v. once followed by i.v. injection of NDP at an interval of approximately 30 min into tumor-bearing athymic mice. GEM was administered again 3 or 4 days thereafter. Combined dosing of NDP with GEM resulted in synergistically enhanced inhibition of tumor growth in the Ma44 tumor model. NDP plus GEM was also effective against Ma44 cells when given late in the therapy, a model for advanced disease. Potent augmentation of growth inhibition by NDP with GEM was also found with the NCI-H460 tumor model. The combination effect of NDP plus GEM appeared to be superior to that of CDDP plus GEM or CBDCA plus GEM in both tumor models. Toxicity in terms of blood cell numbers was not enhanced by the combination of NDP with GEM. These results suggest the effectiveness of combination of NDP with GEM for clinical therapy.
Animals↗
Maximal and submaximal forces of slow fibers in human soleus after bed rest.
The effects of 2 and 4 mo of bed rest, with or without exercise countermeasures, on the contractile properties of slow fibers in the human soleus muscle were examined. Mean fiber diameters were 8 and 36% smaller after 2 and 4 mo of bed rest, respectively, than the pre-bed rest level. Maximum tetanic force (P(o)), maximum activated force (F(max)) per cross-sectional area (CSA), and the common-logarithm value of free Ca(2+) concentration required for half-maximal activation (pCa(50)) also decreased after 2 and 4 mo of bed rest. In contrast, maximum unloaded shortening velocity (V(o)) was increased after 2 and 4 mo of bed rest. After 1 mo of recovery, fiber diameters, P(o), F(max) per CSA (P > 0.05), and pCa(50) were increased and V(o) decreased toward pre-bed rest levels. Effects of knee extension/flexion exercise by wearing an anti-G Penguin suit for 10 h daily, and the effects of loading or unloading of the plantar flexors with (Penguin-1) or without (Penguin-2) placing the elastic loading elements of the suit, respectively, were investigated during ~2 mo of bed rest. In the Penguin-1 group, mean fiber diameter, P(o), F(max) per CSA, V(o), and pCa(50) were similar before and after bed rest. However, the responses of fiber size and contractile properties to bed rest were not prevented in the Penguin-2 group, although the degree of the changes was less than those induced by bed rest without any countermeasure. These results indicate that long-term bed rest results in reductions of fiber size, force-generation capacity, and Ca(2+) sensitivity, and enhancement of shortening velocity in slow fibers of the soleus. The data indicate that continuous mechanical loading on muscle, such as stretching of muscle, is an effective countermeasure for the prevention of muscular adaptations to gravitational unloading.
Adult↗
Strategy for the treatment of inaccessible unruptured giant and large aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.
Our goal was to clarify the optimum management of the inaccessible unruptured giant and large aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Since 1981, we have treated 18 patients with unclippable unruptured giant or large aneurysms of the ICA. Aneurysms were classified as either intracavernous or intradural. We performed proximal carotid occlusion in 12 patients and conservatively treated six patients. We retrospectively analyzed long-term outcomes in these patients. Four of seven patients with intradural aneurysm underwent proximal carotid occlusion, with good long-term outcomes. The three patients with intradural aneurysm, who were treated conservatively, died of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Eight of 11 patients with intracavernous aneurysm underwent proximal carotid occlusion, one dying of massive nasal bleeding 25 months after the procedure. In this case, the aneurysm was partially thrombosed, and residual lumen growth was revealed 22 months after proximal carotid occlusion. Cranial nerve paresis improved in five of the eight patients (63%), and two patients had a minor ischemic attack. Neurological problems failed to occur in the three patients with intracavernous aneurysm who were treated conservatively. The risk of rupture is relatively high in intradural giant and large aneurysms. Proximal carotid occlusion can effectively prevent bleeding from intradural aneurysms. Aggressive management is justified for intradural aneurysms with poor collateral circulation. Operative procedures in the management of an intracavernous aneurysm require careful consideration.
Aged↗
TNFalpha decreases gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes isolated from 10-day-old rats.
Gluconeogenesis decreases during septic shock, but its mechanism is not well known. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), which is a key cytokine in septic shock, can increase GLUT1 gene expression and glucose uptake in muscles and fatty tissues. TNF-alpha does not alter the metabolism of hepatocytes in which GLUT2 is the predominant glucose transporter. However, GLUT1 is the predominant glucose transporter in hepatocytes of 10-d-old rats. Thus, we hypothesized that TNF-alpha might increase glucose uptake and glycolysis in those cells, and decrease gluconeogenesis. In the present study, hepatocytes isolated from 10-d-old rats were incubated with TNF-alpha at the concentrations of 0, 0.98, 9.8, 98, and 980 ng/mL to evaluate TNF-alpha effects on gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake. TNF-alpha increased glucose uptake (41.1 +/- 8 to 114 +/- 21.4 micromol/10(6) cells at the concentration of 980 ng/mL of TNF-alpha) in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased gluconeogenesis (98.2 +/- 8.2 to 1.1 +/- 3.2 micromol/10(6) cells at the concentration of 980 ng/mL of TNF-alpha) in a dose-dependent manner. The decrease of glucokinase mRNA and GLUT1 mRNA abundance correlated with glucose uptake (r = 0.988 and 0.997, respectively), and the decrease of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA abundance correlated with the decrease of gluconeogenesis (r = 0.972). The decrease of gluconeogenesis by TNF-alpha correlated with the increase of glucose uptake (r = -0.988). We concluded that TNF-alpha reciprocally suppressed gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes isolated from 10-d-old rats.
Aging↗
Regulation of melatonin 1a receptor signaling and trafficking by asparagine-124.
Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates seasonal reproduction and has been used to treat circadian rhythm disorders. The melatonin 1a receptor is a seven- transmembrane domain receptor that signals predominately via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. Point mutations were created at residue N124 in cytoplasmic domain II of the receptor and the mutant receptors were expressed in a neurohormonal cell line. The acidic N124D- and E-substituted receptors had high-affinity (125)I-melatonin binding and a subcellular localization similar to the neutral N124N wild-type receptor. Melatonin efficacy for the inhibition of cAMP by N124D and E mutations was significantly decreased. N124D and E mutations strongly compromised melatonin efficacy and potency for inhibition of K(+)-induced intracellular Ca(++) fluxes and eliminated control of spontaneous calcium fluxes. However, these substitutions did not appear to affect activation of Kir3 potassium channels. The hydrophobic N124L and N124A or basic N124K mutations failed to bind (125)I-melatonin and appeared to aggregate or traffic improperly. N124A and N124K receptors were retained in the Golgi. Therefore, mutants at N124 separated into two sets: the first bound (125)I-melatonin with high affinity and trafficked normally, but with reduced inhibitory coupling to adenylyl cyclase and Ca(++) channels. The second set lacked melatonin binding and exhibited severe trafficking defects. In summary, asparagine-124 controls melatonin receptor function as evidenced by changes in melatonin binding, control of cAMP levels, and regulation of ion channel activity. Asparagine-124 also has a unique structural effect controlling receptor distribution within the cell.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Clinical characteristics of patients with constrictive pericarditis after coronary bypass surgery.
Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is an unusual sequela of cardiac surgery, so the present study evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with CP after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Four hundred and sixty-three patients who underwent isolated CABG between January 1989 and March 1999 were examined retrospectively. The first choice of treatment for postoperative pericardial effusion was non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, and an increased dose of diuretics. The second treatment choice was corticosteroids or pericardial drainage. When CP was suspected during the follow-up period (mean, 54+/-31 months), cardiac catheterization was carried out to establish the diagnosis. Of the 463 patients undergoing CABG, there were 11 (2.4%) who developed CP after surgery. The median time to the onset of symptoms after CABG was 4 weeks (range, 3-96 weeks). On univariate and multivariate analysis, normal left ventricular ejection fraction, warfarin administration, and early postoperative pericardial effusion were significantly associated with a greater potential of postoperative CP. The effusion was bloody in all cases of pericardial drainage despite warfarin therapy. Not draining the postoperative effusive pericardial effusion was a risk factor for the development of CP. Pericardial drainage for patients with significant effusion after CABG is important for the prevention of subsequent CP, especially in those patients being treated with warfarin or with normal left ventricular function.
Aged↗
Effect of NaClO treatment on bonding to root canal dentin using a new evaluation method.
The purposes of this study were to investigate the reliability and efficiency of a new evaluation method for resin bonding to root canal dentin, which measures both marginal adaptation and shear bond strength simultaneously, and to determine the effects of root canal irrigants on resin bonding. A wet bonding system (Single Bond) and a self-etching primer system (Clearfil Mega Bond) were employed; NaClO was used as a root canal irrigant. No gaps or changes in bond strength were observed despite the NaClO treatment when the wet bonding system was employed, while the gap formation ratio increased, and bond strength decreased with longer NaClO treatment time when the self-etching primer system was employed. These findings suggested that this new experimental method was effective for evaluating resin systems to the root canal wall dentin which is affected by irrigation with NaClO.
Animals↗
Synthesis and biological evaluation of cytogenin derivatives.
To enhance the stability in vivo, new derivatives of cytogenin were synthesized, and their biological activity and stability in mice were estimated. 2-(8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)propionic acid (NM-3) was found to be the most stable among them. It modified collagen-induced arthritis in mice. It also showed potent anti-angiogenic activity in a mouse dorsal air sac assay.
Animals↗
In vitro synergistic interactions between the cisplatin analogue nedaplatin and the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan and the mechanism of this interaction.
Among the numerous clinical regimens used in combination chemotherapy, synergy is particularly marked in combinations containing cisplatin (CDDP). However, the clinical use of CDDP is sometimes limited due to its nephrotoxicity. Nedaplatin (NDP) is a second-generation platinum complex with reduced nephrotoxicity that may substitute for CDDP or even surpass it for use in combination with other drugs. We investigated the effects of combinations of NDP and other anticancer drugs on the growth of human small cell lung cancer cells (SBC-3) and non-small cell lung cancer cells (PC-14) using a three-dimensional analysis model. Among the combinations tested, the combination of NDP and irinotecan (CPT-11) showed the most marked synergistic interaction, and the synergism has also been observed against PC-14 cells. With regard to treatment schedule, a remarkable synergistic interaction was produced by concurrent exposure to NDP and CPT-11. On the other hand, sequential exposure to the two drugs led only to additivity. To analyze the interaction between the drugs, the effect of NDP on the 7-ethyl-1-hydroxy-CPT (the active form of CPT-11)-induced inhibitory effect on DNA topoisomerase I was examined. The topoisomerase I-inhibitory effect of 7-ethyl-1-hydroxy-CPT was enhanced 10-fold in the presence of NDP at microgram/milliliter concentrations. These biochemical interactions might be responsible for the synergistic interaction between NDP and CPT-11. These results suggest that the combination of NDP with CPT-11 may be clinically useful for the chemotherapy of lung cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Cloning of a cDNA encoding EIN3-like protein (DC-EIL1) and decrease in its mRNA level during senescence in carnation flower tissues.
A cDNA clone encoding a putative EIN3-like protein (DC-EIL1) was obtained from total RNA isolated from senescing carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) petals using RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The cDNA (2382 bp) contained an open reading frame of 1986 bp corresponding to 662 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal half of the protein, ranging from 80-300 amino acid residues, had 84% identity with that of the corresponding regions of Arabidopsis EIN3 and tobacco TEIL, although the overall identity was 49% and 52%, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed that the amount of mRNA corresponding to DC-EIL1 decreased in flower tissues, especially in petals, during natural senescence and senescence induced by exogenously applied ethylene or ABA.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[A case of spinal dural AVF treated by endovascular embolization].
Here we report a case of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula(AVF) treated by endovascular embolization. A 58-year-old female presented with progressive intermittent claudication and numbness of the lower extremities. MRI showed swelling of the spinal cord with intramedullary high signal intensity on T2-weighted image and intramedullary enhancement, suggested spinal cord myelopathy. Myelography demonstrated the dilated serpentine vessels in the subarachnoid space and focal filling defect. Angiography showed spinal dural AVF fed by bilateral lateral sacral artery. The draining vein was posterior spinal vein. Endovascular embolization using liquid material was performed under general anesthesia. The injection of glue included the distal feeding artery, the shunt itself and the initial part of draining vein. A complete cure was achieved, with a normal postoperative angiogram. MRI returned to normal with complete disappearance of T2 high signal, cord enlargement and enhancement by contrast medium. It was suggested that venous congestion induced the transient spinal ischemia, manifested as intermittent claudication. Endovascular embolization using liquid material was safe and quite effective for spinal dural AVF.
Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations↗
[Emergent surgical treatment of type A acute aortic dissection in an elderly patient].
An 86-year-old man with severe chest pain and shock was transferred to our hospital. Computed tomography revealed type A aortic dissection with cardiac tamponade. He needed intubation and closed chest massage preoperatively. At operation, intrapericardial space was filled with clotted blood and rupture of the ascending aorta was confirmed. He underwent a successful emergency graft replacement of the ascending aorta. Postoperative course was uneventful except for mild hemianopsia due to cerebral infarction. He had recovered to be able to walk and is doing well.
Acute Disease↗
[Non-approved antidotes in Japan--Foreign antidotes imported for poisoning countermeasures at the Summit 2000].
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Antidotes↗
[Prospective study of pulmonary embolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty].
We investigated the incidence of pulmonary embolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Arterial pO2 while the patient was breathing room air was measured at pre-operative day and 5 post-operative day using a Blood Gas Analyzer. Selection of patients for perfusion/ventilation scan during this study was dependent on the results of arterial blood gas determination that was more than 10 mmHg depression Of arterial pO2 level after surgery. More than depression of that was occurred in 11 patients (17.7%). Eight of them (72.7%) detected abnormalities (V/Q mismatch) in perfusion/ventilation scan, and we diagnosed them PE. More than 70% of PE was detected by only estimating the pre and post-operative arterial pO2. It was concluded that the estimation of arterial pO2 (pre and post-operation) was useful for the detection of PE, and combining estimation of arterial pO2 with the clinical feature evaluation method, low-invasive diagnosis and rapid treatment should be possible.
Aged↗
A novel function of synapsin II in neurotransmitter release.
Although synapsin has been localized to presynaptic structures, its function remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the presynaptic function of synapsin II using a synaptic vesicle recycling process using synapsin-II-overexpressing NG108-15 cells. Western blot analysis with antibodies for synaptic-vesicle-associated protein indicated that the number of synaptic vesicles was approximately doubled in synapsin II transfectants as reported previously. In differentiated synapsin-II-overexpressing and control cells, the application of high potassium induced strong intracellular calcium elevation along neurites and varicosities after differentiation and a weak calcium rise in the cell bodies. The uptake and release of the fluorescent dye FM1-43 revealed that synaptic vesicle recycling in synapsin-II-transfected cells occurred with the same kinetics in the cell body and neuritic varicosities. Furthermore, the area labeled with FM1-43 fluorescence in the synapsin-II-transfected cells was approximately twice as much as in control cells after stimulation, and ATP released after synaptic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane in synapsin-II-expressing cells was significantly elevated relative to controls. The number of synaptic vesicles paralleled the amount of transmitter released from the cells leading to the conclusion that the number of releasable synaptic vesicles were increased by synapsin II transfection into NG108-15 cells, suggesting that synapsin II may have a role in the regulation of synaptic vesicle number in presynapse-like structures in NG108-15 cells.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2C is not involved in circadian oscillation or photoic entrainment of the biological clock in mice.
Ishida et al. [1994: Neurosci Lett 166: 211-215] reported the circadian change of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype 2C mRNA and photic induction of this receptor's mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Therefore, we investigated the role of NMDA receptor subtypes in the biological clock using NMDA receptor 2A (NR2A)- or 2C (NR2C)-deficient mice. However, NR2C-/- mice showed normal light-dark (LD)-entrained locomotor activity rhythms and free-running rhythms under constant darkness and also exhibited normal reentrainment to 6-hr LD shifts and phase delays with single light pulses. Thus, present results demonstrated no significant NR2C contribution to circadian oscillation and photic entrainment, even though expression of NR2C mRNA was highly observed in the SCN. On the other hand, the period of the free-running activity rhythm in NR2A-/- mice but not NR2C-/- mice was slightly longer than that in wild-type mice in spite of low expression of NR2A in the SCN. Furthermore, reentrainment to an LD advance in NR2A-/- mice was slower under low-intensity light conditions. Thus, we suggest that NR2A plays a role in determining the behavioral state that affects the circadian rhythm. In order to elucidate the role of NR2A and NR2C in the SCN, we examined NMDA-induced Ca(2+) elevations in the SCN of mutant mice using a Ca(2+) imaging method. A partial reduction in Ca(2+) elevation was observed in both NR2A-/- and NR2C-/- mice when high concentrations (100 or 300 microM) of NMDA were applied. The present results suggest that NR2A plays a weak role in oscillation or entrainment of the biological clock, and that NR2C does not participate in the functions of circadian oscillation and light entrainment.
Animals↗