Human herpesvirus 8 is not associated with Kawasaki disease.
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Child, Preschool↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yoshikawa
Publications and source records attributed to T Yoshikawa.
Effects of a new cholecystokinin antagonist, TS-941, on experimental acute pancreatitis in rats.
The effects of a new benzodiazepine-derivative, cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, TS-941, on experimental acute pancreatitis were studied in rats. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by an infusion of a mixture of trypsin and taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Edematous pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 40 microg/kg body weight of cerulein at 0 and 1 h after the start of the experiment. TS-941 (3 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously immediately and 3 h after the induction of pancreatitis. In trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis, TS-941, with or without the synthetic trypsin inhibitor ONO-3403, had no beneficial effects on the survival rate, pancreatic wet weight, and serum pancreatic enzymes. In cerulein-induced pancreatitis, the treatment with TS-941 significantly reduced the increases of pancreatic wet weight and serum amylase and lipase. Plasma trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) significantly rose 1 h after the first injection of cerulein. TS-941 inhibited the liberation of TAP in cerulein-induced pancreatitis. These results show that TS-941 is effective for prevention of cerulein-induced edematous pancreatitis. ONO-3403 has beneficial effects on trypsin-taurocholate-induced hemorrhagic pancreatitis, but the combination of TS-941 and ONO-3403 has no additive effect.
Acute Disease↗
Involvement of lipid peroxidation in free fatty acid-induced isolated rat pancreatic acinar cell injury.
It was reported that free fatty acids degraded from triglycerides by lipase may play a major role in acute necrotizing or hyperlipidemia-induced pancreatitis. We hypothesized that this injury may be related to the peroxidation of cell membrane phospholipids and tested this hypothesis using isolated pancreatic acini. Pancreatic acini were prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats by collagenase digestion. Linoleic acid was added (0.1-1.0 mM) to the acinar cell suspension to induce cell injury. Acinar cell damage was measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and by trypan blue exclusion. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide and alpha-tocopherol in the acinar cells were measured. Protective effects of alpha-tocopherol (0.5, 5.0 mM) against this type of cell injury were also evaluated. When isolated acinar cells were treated with linoleic acid, a significant decrease in viability was observed in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, the levels of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide after treatment of 0.5 mM of linoleic acid were increased and levels of alpha-tocopherol were decreased significantly. alpha-Tocopherol significantly ameliorated both cellular injury (p < 0.01) and increases in phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (p < 0.01). These data suggest that lipid peroxidation of the cellular membrane is an important component of the pancreatic cell injury mediated by free fatty acids.
Animals↗
Five cases of thrombocytopenia induced by primary human herpesvirus 6 infection.
Five patients suffering from exanthem subitum with thrombocytopenia were confirmed as primary human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection by serological test. All cases had thrombocytopenia during the acute phase of exanthem subitum. The clinical features of these cases were benign, and all recovered without any specific treatment. Moreover, 4 of the 5 cases showed a mild elevation of hepatic transaminase during the same period, and other viral infections including cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus 7 were ruled out in these patients. It was speculated that direct inhibition of platelet production by the virus or cytokine induced by the virus-infected cells was the mechanism of the thrombocytopenia induced by primary HHV-6 infection.
Acute Disease↗
Detection of Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma fermentans in synovial fluids of temporomandibular joints of patients with disorders in the joints.
Thirty-six synovial fluid samples of temporomandibular joints were obtained from 33 patients with pain and anterior disk displacement (closed lock) in the joints. DNAs were prepared from the samples and amplified by a PCR-based assay specific for Mycoplasma salivarium or Mycoplasma fermentans. Of the 36 samples, five (14%), three (8%), and 19 (53%) were positive for M. salivarium, M. fermentans and both, respectively.
Adolescent↗
Application of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the nasal and oral cavities.
Difficulties are often encountered in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the oral and nasal cavities by histology and immunohistochemistry because these malignancies may be complicated by inflammation and necrosis. In the present study, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from 18 patients; the advantages of this method were evaluated. Twelve of these patients were diagnosed as having malignant lymphoma and six had tumors highly suggestive of malignant lymphoma. Fourteen (78%) of the 18 cases were diagnosed as malignant lymphoma histologically and immunohistochemically. Sixteen (89%) of the 18 cases were shown to be monoclonal by PCR. The four cases that could not be histologically or immunohistochemically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma showed monoclonal gene rearrangement by PCR. As a result, six patients suspected of having a malignant lymphoma were diagnosed as having one. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma by PCR alone still has various problems. However, when the results of PCR are evaluated together with histopathological and immunohistochemical results, PCR makes a useful contribution to the diagnosis of malignant lymphomas of the nasal and oral cavities.
DNA, Neoplasm↗
Persistence of protective immunity after postexposure prophylaxis of varicella with oral aciclovir in the family setting.
The persistence of protective immunity after postexposure prophylaxis against varicella using oral aciclovir was evaluated in the family setting. Sixty one of 78 recipients of oral aciclovir were assessed by questionnaire, and 13 of 61 were evaluated for serum antibody to varicella zoster virus (VZV) using the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen method. The observation period ranged from 33 to 50 months. None of those (n = 44) who had initially seroconverted to VZV after aciclovir prophylaxis developed breakthrough varicella. All 13 who had serology repeated still had titres > or = 4. Antibody titres in those who had histories of re-exposure to the virus were significantly higher than in those who had not (p < 0.01).
Acyclovir↗
Severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is related to airway eosinophilic inflammation in patients with asthma.
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is widely prevalent in asthmatic patients. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is considered to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the effects of eosinophilic airway inflammation on EIB have been elucidated insufficiently. To examine the relationship between the severity of EIB and eosinophilic inflammation, sputum induction and exercise challenge were performed in 21 asthmatic patients. Significantly higher percentages of eosinophils and levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were found in induced sputum in EIB-positive asthmatics (median (range), eosinophils: 23.5 (11.0-61.0)%; ECP: 1,475 (74.8-17,701) ng x mL(-1)) than in EIB-negative asthmatics (eosinophils: 6.0 (1.0-41.5)% (p=0.006); ECP: 270.6 (10.8-7,700) ng x mL(-1) (p=0.049)). There was a significant correlation between the severity of EIB and the sputum eosinophil percentage (r=0.59, p=0.009) and the level of ECP (r=0.47, p=0.037). The area under the curve of the forced expiratory volume in one second for 30 min after exercise correlated with the percentage of eosinophils (r=0.60, p=0.008) and the level of ECP (r=0.45, p=0.04). There was no correlation between airway responsiveness to methacholine on the one hand and EIB, sputum eosinophils or ECP on the other. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that the severity of bronchoconstriction evoked by exercise is more closely related to eosinophilic airway inflammation than airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic patients.
Adolescent↗
Seasonal variation of glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin glycosides in the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
The time courses of the glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin glycoside contents in the thickening roots of licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., have been determined. The glycyrrhizin content in 1-year-old roots rapidly increased from October to November, whereas the isoliquiritigenin glycoside content increased up to October. In 3-year-old plants, although the isoliquiritigenin glycoside content rapidly increased from June to July, the glycyrrhizin content did not show any significant increase from May to August. The glycyrrhizin content increased during the senescence of the aerial parts as well as during the early stage of shoot elongation. The incorporation of [14C]mevalonic acid into the glycyrrhizin fraction by the root segments was high in May, June and September, and low in August and winter. These results indicated that the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin is differently regulated from that of isoliquiritigenin glycoside in the thickening root of G. glabra.
Carbon Radioisotopes↗
Baroreceptor sensitivity during the compensatory phase of left ventricular overloading.
This study focused on the role of the baroreceptor-mediated control during the compensatory process after acute left ventricular overloading induced by aortic regurgitation (AR). Baroreceptor-heart rate sensitivity was measured using a phenylephrine-induced increase in blood pressure according to the steady state method before, 1 day, 1 week and 4 weeks after production of AR in 7 rabbits, and compared with 6 other rabbits that underwent a sham operation. Blood pressure was monitored noninvasively using Finapres in the unanesthetized state. Four weeks after the procedure, the left ventricular diameters of both end-diastole and end-systole were larger in the rabbits with AR than in the sham-operated rabbits. There was no difference in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or cardiac output. Left ventricular weight was higher in the rabbits with AR than in the sham-operated rabbits. Myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor density and norepinephrine content were comparable between the two groups. Baroreceptor-heart rate sensitivity significantly decreased 1 week after production of AR, and this alteration in sensitivity was partially restored 4 weeks after production of AR. These findings suggested that the altered baroreceptor-heart rate sensitivity was reversible, relating to the compensatory process after acute left ventricular overloading, and that these changes had some role in its pathophysiology.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Affinity of mosapride citrate, a new gastroprokinetic agent, for 5-HT4 receptors in guinea pig ileum.
We examined the binding affinity of mosapride citrate (mosapride) (4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl]me thyl] benzamide citrate), a novel gastroprokinetic agent, for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 4 receptors in guinea pig ileum using a selective 5-HT4-receptor radioligand, [3H]GR113808. In membrane preparations from longitudinal muscle with myenteric plexus in guinea pig ileum, specific [3H]GR113808 binding revealed a single saturable site of high affinity (Kd=0.28 +/-0.02 nM, Bmax = 45+/- 3 fmol/mg protein). Mosapride and other 5-HT4-receptor agonists inhibited the specific binding of [3H]GR113808 in guinea pig ileum. The 5-HT4 agonists examined displayed the following inhibition potency order: BIMU-8 > cisapride > mosapride > renzapride > 5-HT > zacopride > metoclopramide. Mosapride exhibited monophasic inhibition of the specific [3H]GR113808 binding in the ileum (Ki value: 84.2 nM). The presence of mosapride (30 nM) significantly increased the Kd value to 0.44+/-0.05 nM in the Scatchard analysis of [3H]GR113808 binding. Bmax of [3H]GR113808, however, was not affected (48 +/-4 fmol/mg protein) by mosapride. As for the affinity of mosapride, the addition of GppNHp (100microM) slightly increased the Ki value to 104 nM. These results indicate that mosapride has an affinity for 5-HT4 receptors in guinea pig ileum in the radioligand binding study.
Animals↗
Spontaneous larval Gnathostoma nipponicum infection in frogs.
From June 1993 to September 1997, a survey was carried out for the prevalence of larval Gnathostoma nipponicum infection in several kinds of frogs, toads, and their tadpoles collected from an endemic area of this nematode in Aomori Prefecture. Two frog species, one of 436 (0.2%) Rana nigromaculata and 51 of 147 (34.7%) R. catesbeiana were infected, and a total of 446 advanced third-stage larvae (AdL3) of G. nipponicum were recovered. These results confirmed that two frog species which can serve as the second intermediate and/or paratenic hosts in the life cycle of G. nipponicum exist in nature. This report is the first record of spontaneous infection of frogs with AdL3 of G. nipponicum.
Animals↗
Prospective study of persistence and excretion of human herpesvirus-6 in patients with exanthem subitum and their parents.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate persistence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in the blood and excretion of the virus into several body fluids of patients with exanthem subitum (ES), and to examine serologic and virologic findings of the parents caring for the patients in the family setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 15-month period, 20 infants from 20 families (11 boys and 9 girls; mean age, 7.7 months; range, 4-11 months) with primary HHV-6 infection and a typical clinical course of ES, and 15 parents from the 20 families (2 males and 13 females; mean age, 28.2 years; range, 21-34 years) were enrolled in the study and examined clinically and virologically. Primary infection with HHV-6 was confirmed by isolation of the virus from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs), and seroconversion or a significant increase in the antibody titers to HHV-6 by a neutralization test. Viral persistence or excretion was examined by amplifying the viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in serially collected peripheral blood MNCs, plasma, saliva, stool, and urine samples with a nested polymerase chain reaction method. Data on saliva from the parents were compared with those of 21 age-matched controls. RESULTS: Twenty infants with virologically confirmed ES had HHV-6 DNA in MNCs persistently during and after the disease but in plasma only in the first 5 days of ES. The viral DNA was also detected persistently or intermittently in saliva and stool during and after the disease but rarely in urine. On the other hand, the 15 parents examined of the 20 infants had no HHV-6 viremia nor viral DNA in peripheral blood MNCs and plasma except 1, but half of them excreted viral DNA in saliva during and after ES. The frequency of excretion of viral DNA into saliva was not significantly different from that of 21 control parents. Only 1 of the 15 showed a fourfold increase in antibody titers to HHV-6 after possible exposure from their children. CONCLUSIONS: After systemic replication of HHV-6 in the blood of patients with ES during the first 5 days of the disease, the virus is excreted into saliva and stool persistently or intermittently but rarely into urine. The presence of HHV-6 DNA in plasma suggested active infection with the virus. Excretion of the virus into the saliva of infants with ES and their parents suggests the source and transmission route of infection with HHV-6.
Adult↗
Islet cell tumor in von Hippel-Lindau disease.
We describe a 42-year-old man with von Hippel-Lindau disease and islet cell tumor of the pancreas. He had retinal and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. His sister had pheochromocytoma. A pancreatic tumor was detected by ultrasonography at his periodical medical checkup. Contrast enhanced computed tomography and abdominal angiography revealed a hypervascular tumor in the pancreatic head. Histological examination of the resected tumor revealed characteristics of islet cell tumor of the pancreas, which was positive for chromogranin-A, S-100 protein, and pancreatic polypeptide, but was negative for insulin, gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, serotonin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
Increased plasma lipoprotein(a) level in cardioembolic stroke with non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
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Aged↗
Diesel exhaust particles enhance airway responsiveness following allergen exposure in mice.
We have previously reported that intratracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhances allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation, local expression of interleukin-5 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and allergen-specific production of IgE and IgG in mice. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of DEP on airway hyperresponsiveness as another characteristic feature of allergic asthma. The animals were randomized into four experimental groups that received intratracheal instillation with vehicle, ovalbumin (OVA), DEP, or the combination of OVA and DEP on a weekly basis for 6 weeks. Respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured 24 h after the last instillation. An increase in Rrs in animals that inhaled acetylcholine was significantly greater in the combined treatment with OVA and DEP than in the other treatments. The present study indicates that DEP can enhance airway responsiveness associated with allergen exposure, and provides experimental evidence that DEP may deteriorate the pathophysiology of allergen-related respiratory disease such as allergic asthma.
Acetylcholine↗
Human marrow cells-derived cultured bone in porous ceramics.
From four patients (mean age, 60 years; range 51-76 years), 3 ml of bone marrow was collected from the ilium. The marrow was cultured to concentrate and expand the marrow mesenchymal cells on a culture dish. The cultured cells were then subcultured either on another culture dish or in porous areas of hydroxyapatite ceramics in the presence of dexamethasone and beta-glycerophosphate (osteogenic medium). The subcultured tissues on the dishes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and subcultured tissues in the ceramics were implanted intraperitoneally into athymic nude mice. Vigorous growth of spindle-shaped cells and a marked formation of bone matrix beneath the cell layers was observed on the subculture dishes by SEM. The intraperitoneally implanted ceramics with cultured tissues revealed thick layer of lamellar bone together with active osteoblasts lining in many pore areas of the ceramics after 2 months. The in vitro bone formation on the culture dishes and in vivo bone formation in porous ceramics were detected in all cases. These results indicate that we can assemble an in vitro bone/ceramic construct, and due to the porous framework of the ceramic, the construct has osteogenic potential similar to that of autologous cancellous bone. A significant benefit of this method is that the construct can be made with only a small amount of aspirated marrow cells from aged patients with little host morbidity.
Aged↗
[Hepatic metastasis from advanced gallbladder carcinoma: clinicopathological study].
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the characteristics of the related clinicopathological factors in cases of liver metastasis from carcinoma of the gallbladder (LmGbCa), and to provide some insights into the surgical management of LmGbca. METHOD: One hundred fifty-nine patients with subserosal (ss) cancer were studied. RESULT: 31 (19.4%) of the patients were found to have LmGbCa. Clinicopathologically, LmGbCa cases showed significant correlations with hinf(3) (P < 0.05), a depth of invasion of more than ss (P < 0.05), ly(3) (P < 0.05), v(3) (P < 0.01), and the location of the primary lesion on hep or circ (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy of S4 and S5 segments should be used when 2 risk factors of liver metastases were found operatively, and radiation therapy or chemotherapy should be combined with resection when 1 risk factor of liver metastasis and lymphatic invasion was found.
Female↗