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Biomedical subjects

T Yasui

Publications and source records attributed to T Yasui.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Management of elderly patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Clinical features of 61 elderly patients aged over 70 years with ruptured intracranial aneurysms were compared with those of 328 younger patients aged under 70 years. According to a policy of early operation, elderly patients with Hunt and Kosnik's grade I, II and younger patients with grade I, II, III were operated on in the acute stage. In elderly patients with grade III, IV and younger patients with grade IV, the indication for surgery was determined case by case. Surgery was performed on 29 patients (48%) in the elderly group and 277 patients (86%) in the younger group. Our conclusions are as follows: 1. Regarding cases of grade I, II and III of Hunt and Kosnik's classification, the rate of good outcome in the elderly group was similar to that in the younger group, following early surgery and meticulous post-operative care. 2. In the elderly group, no patient in cases of grade IV obtained good surgical outcome. 3. Symptomatic vasospasm was less frequent in elderly patients (18.8%) than in younger cases (37%). 4. Delayed operation was planned for some patients in the elderly group, but none of them underwent surgery because of rerupture of aneurysms and deterioration of general condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nucleotide sequence of the unique nitrate/nitrite-inducible cytochrome P-450 cDNA from Fusarium oxysporum.

A cDNA clone for the nitrate/nitrite-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450) of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum (tentatively termed P-450dNIR) was isolated by an immunoscreening method. Sequence determination revealed a polypeptide of 403 amimo acid residues (Mr = 44,371), which was shown to contain the full-length sequence of the fungal P-450. The amino terminus region of the predicted sequence contained neither the signal-like, hydrophobic domain that is commonly observed in microsomal P-450s nor the tagging prosequence that is essential for localization of mitochondrial P-450s. Further, the sequence exhibited higher homologies against those of soluble bacterial P-450s, in particular P-450s of Streptomyces, rather than those of eukaryotic P-450s including yeast and fungal P-450s. These results are highly indicative that P-450dNIR is the first soluble P-450 derived from eukaryotic organisms. The unique features might be related to the novel function of P-450dNIR, which is involved in a dissimilatory reduction of nitrite by the fungus. P-450dNIR was classified into a new family, P-450LV, and the corresponding gene of the fungus was named CYP55.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula associated with an intradural pseudoaneurysm: a case report.

A case of traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) associated with an intradural pseudoaneurysm is reported. A 42-year-old man developed traumatic CCF after severe head trauma. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a direct CCF associated with an intradural pseudoaneurysm at the C2 portion. Transarterial balloon embolization of the CCF caused severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. A CCF with an intradural pseudoaneurysm is life-threatening and requires emergency treatment. However, balloon occlusion in such cases is contraindicated because of possible rupture of a pseudoaneurysm. Trapping or a direct surgical approach is the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 on adenine nucleotide content of rat hepatic tissue.

In comparison with non-diabetic rats, the tissue ATP content of diabetic rats is lower and the AMP content higher. However, daily intraperitoneal administration of ginsenoside-Rb2 for several days resulted in an increase of tissue ATP content and a decrease of AMP content, characterized by an increase in the adenine nucleotide content, as well as improvement of energy charge. Thus, ginsenoside-Rb2 administration caused a change in the pattern of metabolism, activating the ATP supply system.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomographic evaluation of bleeding sites in primary pontine hemorrhages.

BACKGROUND: With the aim of identifying common bleeding sites and probable parent vessels in "small" primary pontine hemorrhages, we reviewed computerized tomographic scans of 20 patients with hematomas less than 2.5 cm in diameter. SUMMARY OF REPORT: We used scans depicting the upper and lower pons and plotted the centers of the hematomas, assuming them to be a probable source of bleeding. No predilection sites were found on the axial plane. CONCLUSIONS: Both the paramedian and the long and short circumferential arteries were probable sources of hemorrhage in the present series.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The synthesis of new xylosyloligosaccharides by transxylosylation with Aspergillus niger beta-xylosidase.

The synthesis of xylosyloligosaccharides from beta-(1----4)-xylobiose in the presence of D-mannose by transxylosylation with beta-xylosidase from Aspergillus niger IFO 6662 was studied. At first, the transxylosylation products were separated by charcoal column chromatography in 5% ethanol elution into three peaks, P-1, P-2, and P-3. They were further separated on thin layer chromatography, and their three products, saccharides O-4, O-5, and O-N were purified by preparative paper chromatography. Saccharides O-4 and O-5 were identified as O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1----4)-D- mannopyranose and O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1----6)-D-mannopyranose, respectively, by measurement of the degree of polymerization, specific rotation, acid hydrolysis, and methylation analysis. By 1H-NMR spectroscopy in addition to these analyses, saccharide O-N was identified as O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1----1')-beta-D-xylopyranose, a new nonreducing xylobiose.

Aspergillus niger↗
PubMed1991

[Endoscopic injection of liposomal adriamycin targeting lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer].

Gastric submucosal injection of 5 mg liposomal adriamycin (L-ADM) close to the main gastric cancer tumor was done in 15 patients by endoscopy. This approach was based on the idea that preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy targeting lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer may be effective for prevention of lymph node recurrence. ADM concentrations in the regional lymph nodes were assessed and compared with those in patients who were administered 5 mg of free adriamycin (F-ADM) i.v. preoperatively. ADM concentrations in Group 7 lymph nodes (according to the General Rules for Gastric Cancer Study) were: After 2 days; 7.21 +/- 5.98 micrograms/g (n = 2) in the L-ADM group and 0.59 +/- 0.23 micrograms/g (n = 3) in the F-ADM group. After 4 days; 4.93 +/- 3.93 micrograms/g (n = 2) in the L-ADM group and 0.36 +/- 0.0 micrograms/g (n = 2) in the F-ADM group. After 6 days; 2.08 +/- 0.49 micrograms/g (n = 2) in the L-ADM group and 0.05 +/- 0.05 micrograms/g (n = 3) in the F-ADM group. L-ADM group: those who had L-ADM injected into the side of the lesser curvature of the stomach. F-ADM group: those who had F-ADM administered i.v. These data demonstrate that gastric submucosal injection of L-ADM is well suited for specific delivery to the regional lymph nodes, suggesting that this type of administration may prevent lymph node recurrence of gastric cancer by targeting lymph node metastasis.

Doxorubicin↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical application of chemotherapy via the portal vein with liposome-encapsulated adriamycin in inoperable metastatic liver cancer].

We studied the effects of liposome-entrapped adriamycin (L-ADM) administered via the portal vein and the clinical application of this treatment in the therapy and inhibition of liver metastasis, experimentally and clinically. Liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (cholesterol 50 mol%) were used as drug carriers. We examined the distribution in tissues and antitumor effect of freeze-dried L-ADM administered via the portal vein to rabbits bearing VX2 tumors. The liver concentration of ADM increased after delivery and cardiac uptake decreased compared with free drug treatment. The life span was prolonged by L-ADM treatment compared with the control group and the free ADM group. This L-ADM administration was confirmed to be safe and revealed a decrease in the heart toxicities compared with free adriamycin. Nineteen cases were studied from Jan. 1986 to May 1991 via the portal vein and the clinical effects were evaluated. From Mar. 1988 to date, 10 cases were treated with L-ADM (20-30 mg every 2 weeks/body) in patients with inoperable cases using subcutaneously implanted reservoir. The median survival was 450 days; 275 days for colon cancer, 492 days for gastric cancer, and 1,052 days for uterine cancer (range: 136-1,152 days), compared with 141 days (range: 52-253 days) in 9 cases of historical control treated with free-ADM via the portal vein. These results suggest that chemotherapy via the portal vein with L-ADM for metastatic liver cancer may increase survival time.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Roles of transforming growth factor beta in inhibition of androgen-induced growth of Shionogi carcinoma cells in serum-free medium.

Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC115) has been accepted for 20 years as an androgen-responsive mouse mammary tumor. In a serum-free culture system we have established [Ham's F-12:Eagle's minimum essential medium (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin], 10(-8) M testosterone markedly stimulates the growth of SC-3 cells (a cloned cell line from a SC115 tumor) via androgen receptor. The testosterone-induced growth of SC-3 cells, which has been shown to be mediated through autocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-like peptide, was almost completely abolished by 1 ng/ml of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). In the present study, mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta on the testosterone-induced growth of SC-3 cells were examined in the serum-free medium. Although the testosterone-induced growth was almost completely inhibited by TGF-beta, basic FGF- or FGF-like peptide (secreted from SC-3 cells by testosterone)-induced growth was only partially inhibited (45%) by TGF-beta. This difference can be explained by the fact that TGF-beta decreased the amount of testosterone-induced FGF-like peptide secreted from SC-3 cells to 18% of control. The TGF-beta-induced inhibition was found to be reversible. Furthermore, no significant effects of the TGF-beta treatment on number or affinity of both androgen and FGF receptors were demonstrated. The present findings show that TGF-beta markedly inhibits testosterone-induced secretion of FGF-like peptide from SC-3 cells and also inhibits growth-stimulatory effects of the secreted factor on SC-3 cells, probably via postreceptor mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fatal aneurysmal rupture: a survey of 60 grade-5 cases.

The purpose of the present study was to describe the clinical course of patients with Grade-5 ruptured aneurysms (WFNS grading). Among 250 consecutive cases of ruptured aneurysms, 60 Grade-5 patients were reviewed retrospectively, consisting of 24 males and 36 females with an average age of 58 years. Thirty-two patients were directly transferred to our clinic, while the remaining 28 were referred from other clinics. Duration from rupture to arrival at our clinic was within 1 hour in 25 cases and within 2 hours in 43 cases. Systolic blood pressure on admission was 186 mmHg on average. Obvious misdiagnoses by primary physicians were made in 7 cases. Ventricular drainage and clipping/trapping of the aneurysms were performed in 7 and 25 cases, respectively. Forty-nine patients died and the remaining 11 survived. One made a good recovery, 1 was moderately disabled, 8 severely disabled, and 1 in a vegetative state. The prognosis for Grade-5 patients is well known as being extremely poor, which also was the case in our series. Early referral and early surgical intervention have not changed this poor prognosis. Possible improvement of the outcome of this group might be expected by 1) public health and primary physician education on aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 2) control of blood pressure during referral.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Indirect carotid-cavernous sinus fistula: transvenous embolization from the external jugular vein using a superior ophthalmic vein approach. A case report.

A case of indirect carotid-cavernous sinus fistula treated by combined transarterial and transvenous embolization is described. A 49-year-old woman with a right indirect carotid-cavernous sinus fistula draining solely to the right superior ophthalmic vein was treated first by transarterial embolization with polyvinyl alcohol particles. Then, by approaching through the superior ophthalmic vein from the right external jugular vein, the cavernous sinus was embolized with platinum wire using a tracker microcatheter, which resulted in marked clinical improvement. Transvenous embolization by approaching from the external jugular vein through the superior ophthalmic vein represents a promising alternative when shunted blood drains anteriorly to the superior ophthalmic vein.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1990

Structure of rice-straw arabinoglucuronoxylan and specificity of Streptomyces xylanase toward the xylan.

Rice-straw treated with 5% ammonia water was hydrolyzed with the beta-xylanase of Streptomyces sp. E-86, and four kinds of hetero-oligosaccharides, two arabinoxylo- and two glucuronoxylo-oligosaccharides, were isolated from the hydrolysate by charcoal column, gel filtration, ion-exchange, and aminopropyl silica column chromatographies. The structures of the oligosaccharides were identified as 3(2)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylobiose, 3(2)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosylxylotriose, 2(3)-4-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucuronosylxylotriose, and 2(3)-alpha-D-glucuronosylxylotriose by the analysis of component sugar, partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis etc. Based on the structures of above oligosaccharides, the structure of rice-straw arabinoglucuronoxylan and the specificity of the xylanase toward the xylan are discussed.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1990

A study on the relationship between selected oral environmental factors and the caries type in infants.

In order to clarify the relationship between selected oral environmental factors and caries type in infants, we analyzed three parameters, salivary pH, salivary buffer capacity, and Cariostat, and tested their association with caries type. As a result, we obtained a significant relationship between the caries type and salivary buffer capacity, and also between the caries type and the Cariostat. The severity of caries increased with an increase in caries activity level measured by Cariostat, while it decreased with an increase in salivary buffer capacity (p less than 0.05). The occurrence rates of severe caries types were high under the condition of both low salivary buffer capacity and high acid productivity of dental plaque.

Buffers↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiological analysis of periodontal disease. Analysis of junior high school and high school students].

In this study, we carried out epidemiological surveys on some of the factors that seem to be related to periodontal disease in adolescence, and tried to clarify the cause of periodontal disease in young people. Moreover, the direction needed for effective education of school students in the field of school dental health was discussed. The subjects of this study were 232 junior high school students and 142 high school students. Oral conditions evaluated in terms of the PMA index, the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) and the salivary occult bleeding level for periodontal disease, the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) for oral hygiene, and the DMFT index for caries experience. Psychological tests used in this study were the Yatabe-Guilford test (Y-G test), the Cornell Medical Index (CMI), and the Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS). The dental questionnaire developed by Maeda was changed to a simpler form and used to obtain information on personal aspects or parameters such as the ability to recognize one's oral condition, their knowledge of proper dental health, consciousness about and interest in dental health, dental experience and health behavior. The condition of periodontal disease and the OHI-S value tended to improve as the school grade went up, especially among junior high school students. Regarding the personal aspects the subjects who had knowledge of proper dental health, consciousness about and interest in dental health, and health behavior tended to show a lower PMA index; and there were differences in these parameters between junior high school students and high school students. Among junior high school students the results suggested that consciousness about and interest in such factors as gingival bleeding, bad breath and sticky feeling in the mouth caused better dental health behavior. In the psychological aspects, the PMA index value tended to be lower in the low-anxiety group than in the high-anxiety group. From these findings, periodontal disease in adolescence appears to be affected by not only the oral hygiene condition but also personal parameters and psychological factors. In school dental health, therefore, personal health guidance by the teacher in charge who knows the student well is very important in order to improve the periodontal condition, together with the correct examination and evaluation by the school dentists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Legionellosis].

Although increasing attention is being given to Legionella pneumonia in Japan, reports of solitary onset of this disease are scant in Japan. The patient, from whom L. dumoffii was isolated, was a 59-year-old male with no underlying disease. He visited our hospital because of fever and cough, and was admitted to our department for X-ray findings consistent with pneumonia. After admission, pulmonary lesions spread rapidly, and based on the suspicion of Legionella pneumonia, drugs such as EM, RFP and MINO were used. However, the patient died on the 26th hospital day. L. dumoffii was isolated from specimens obtained by airway aspiration before death and specimens of lung abscess and airway discharge obtained during autopsy (7 specimens in total). In addition, the L. dumoffii antibody titer in the serum became elevated. This is the first case of L. dumoffii pneumonia reported in Japan. The other case was in an 81-year-old male with underlying disease. He was admitted urgently with suspected pneumonia but died on the following day. L. pneumophila serogroup 5 was isolated from autopsied lung tissue. Fatality is high for this disease, making early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics essential. Physicians should bear in mind the possibility of this disease and request the necessary laboratory tests in suspected cases without delay.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Soluble, nitrate/nitrite-inducible cytochrome P-450 of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum.

Both soluble and microsomal fractions of Fusarium oxysporum contain cytochrome P-450(P-450). We report here that the P-450 in the soluble fraction was induced only when nitrate or nitrite was added to the growth medium, whereas the microsomal P-450 was synthesized regardless of the medium compositions. The reduced-CO complex of the soluble P-450 exhibited an absorption spectrum that is different from that of the microsomal counterpart. These results indicate that the soluble P-450 is distinct from the microsomal species and suggest a novel function for the former P-450.

Carbon Monoxide↗