[R-R interval variations in Parkinson's disease and vascular parkinsonism].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yasuda
Publications and source records attributed to T Yasuda.
Liposome immune lysis assay (LILA): a simple method to measure anti-protein antibody using protein antigen-bearing liposomes.
A new simple immunoassay technique using immune lysis of liposomes was developed to measure antibody against protein antigens. Multilamellar liposomes were composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and phosphatidylethanolamine substituted with the hetero-bifunctional cross-linking reagent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). The protein antigen (human IgG) was coupled to these liposomes after treatment with SPDP and mild reduction. As a release marker, carboxyfluorescein (CF) was entrapped in the liposomes. The CF release was specific to anti-human IgG antibody and depended on the presence of complement. This technique could detect 10(-15) mol of anti-human IgG antibody or human IgG. The liposomes were stable over 8 months at 4 degrees C under nitrogen gas.
Animals↗
Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction by detection of circulating cardiac myosin light chains.
A radioimmunoassay for human cardiac myosin light chains (CM-LC) was developed and evaluated as a selective diagnostic test for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The assay had a sensitivity of 1.0 ng/ml (+/- 2 standard deviations) in serum. Eighty-three patients with confirmed AMI all showed an elevated plasma concentration of CM-LC at some time during the course of their illness. Of 9 patients from whom early blood samples were obtained, 7 had diagnostic concentrations within 6 hours from the onset of chest pain. Only 2 had an elevated total creatine kinase level at this time. CM-LC concentrations peaked on days 2 to 4, but remained elevated in patients with large AMIs for more than 1 week. In preinfarction syndrome, 8 of 15 patients had elevated CM-LC levels at least once. Of 15 patients with stable angina pectoris, only 1 patient, who had congestive heart failure, showed elevated light chain levels. CM-LC levels were not detectable by this method in the sera of healthy persons (n = 72), patients with recent intramuscular injection (n = 3), or those with a variety of systemic illnesses (n = 14). In initial studies using an antiserum having 25% cross-reactivity between cardiac and skeletal muscle myosin light chains, 3 patients who had extensive skeletal muscle damage appeared to have elevated concentrations. Patients with this finding have not yet been examined with a more specific antiserum (8% cross-reactivity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Biological activities of analogues of lipid A based chemically on the revised structural model. Comparison of mediator-inducing, immunomodulating and endotoxic activities.
Lipid A analogues were chemically synthesized based on the model structure recently revised, and biological activities of the analogues were tested. The analogue, (beta-1,6)-linked glucosamine disaccharide carrying ester-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids at 3 and 3' position of reducing and nonreducing glucosamine in addition to amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids and glycosidic-linked and ester-linked phosphate groups, showed much stronger activities for mediator inducing and immunomodulating as well as endotoxic activities than those exhibited by the previously synthesized analogues based on the old model. Among the activities tested, induction of interferon and tumor necrosis factor as well as mitogenicity, adjuvanticity and pyrogenicity were, however, not expressed so strongly as natural lipid A used as controls. In contrast, the analogue exhibited comparable activities to those of control lipid A in the test of lethal toxicity to mice and gelating activity of Limulus amebocyte lysate. Other synthetic analogues carrying a phosphate group showed comparable, slightly stronger or weaker activities depending on the test, but nonphosphorylated analogue exhibited no apparent or only very weak activities.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[Standard procedure and the diagnostic criteria for the Ellsworth-Howard test using human PTH-(1-34)].
The present study was undertaken to establish a standard method to perform the Ellsworth-Howard test using human PTH-1-34). For this purpose we made a survey of literature concerning the Ellsworth-Howard test and then examined the data of the Ellsworth-Howard tests performed on 178 hypoparathyroid patients using human PTH-(1-34). The main items of investigation were: (i) to determine the appropriate dose of PTH for administration to adults and children; and (ii) to define the criteria of practical usefulness for the differential diagnosis of the types of hypoparathyroidism. From the analysis of the data, the following findings and conclusions were obtained. The dose of human PTH-(1-34) appropriate for diagnostic use is 100 U per person for adults and 100 U per body surface area of one square meter (100 U/m2) for children. The criteria of positive response in the Ellsworth-Howard test are defined as follows. a) phosphaturic response: (U4 + U5) - (U2 + U3) = more than 35 mg/2 h b) cyclic AMP response: U4 - U3 = more than 1 mumol/h, and U4/U3 = more than 10 times. In the above formula, U2 - U5 represent the urine samples collected hourly in order. PTH is injected at the time between U3 and U4. For the application of the criteria in children, one should use the values corrected for body surface area of one square meter. It is necessary to confirm the following conditions before the application of the criteria: the presence of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia; the lack of phosphate deficiency (basal urinary phosphate excretion more than 10 mg/2 h); the accuracy of timed urine collections (ratio of creatinine excretion during 2 hours before PTH to that after PTH administration in the range from 0.8 to 1.2); and the absence of marked diurnal variation in phosphate excretion (difference in phosphate excretion between the two basal hourly urine less than 17.5 mg/h). To ensure the above conditions, medications such as phosphate-binding antacids should be withheld for at least 1 week before the test, and the test should be performed according to the standard procedure described in this paper. The diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism Type II should be done cautiously. It is necessary to take account of the high basal urinary cyclic AMP excretion and the elevated serum PTH level along with the results of the Ellsworth-Howard test (positive cyclic AMP response and negative phosphaturic response) for a definite diagnosis of this entity.
Adolescent↗
Further study of biological activities of chemically synthesized analogues of lipid A in artificial membrane vesicles.
In the previous paper [Eur. J. Biochem. 124, 405 (1982)], we demonstrated that chemically synthesized lipid-A analogues such as the 1-monophosphate or 1,4'-diphosphate of 6-O-(2-deoxy-2-tetradecanoylamino-6-O-tetradecanoyl-D-glucopyra nos yl)-2-deoxy-2-tetradecanolyamino-3,4-di-O-tetradecanoyl-D-gluco pyr anose enhanced immunogenicity of liposomal model membranes sensitized with amphipathic antigen when they were incorporated in the same liposomes. Here we extend the observation by testing the recently synthesized analogues including diglucosamine analogues carrying hydroxy and acyloxy fatty acids. Among the analogues tested, those which showed higher adjuvant and mitogenic activities in the liposomal system were N-acylated and O-acylated beta-1,6-linked D-glucosamine disaccharides carrying either amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids in addition to phosphate in position 1 of the reducing sugar or amide-bound 3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoic acids. The analogue carrying both amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids and phosphate in position 4 of the non-reducing sugar showed weak adjuvant activity and marginal mitogenic activity.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
[99mTc]pyrophosphate and [125I]phenylphosphonate behavior in the infarcted rat myocardium.
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Animals↗
Response to ADH in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus type 2.
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Child↗
Device for determining location of an endotracheal catheter tip.
The location of a catheter's tip in the bronchi may be determined using a stethoscope and an audible sound that has a frequency of 558 Hz and a sound pressure of 136 dB for the adult. The device is easy and safe to use, and has been used in a broad range of patients for over 4 yr without sequelae.
Auscultation↗
Acute uptake and chronic retention of infarct avid myocardial-seeking agents: 99Tcm-pyrophosphate and 125I-phenylphosphate.
The concentration of 125I-phenylphosphate (I phi PA), a long-lived bone-seeking radio-pharmaceutical (T1/2 biol = 962 days) that localizes in acute infarction (MI), was studied in 30 rats after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. At 23 h postMI, I phi PA was given intravenously to all animals, and five of this group received 99Tcm-pyrophosphate (99Tcm-pyro) intravenously. These five rats were sacrificed 2 h later and the content of I phi PA and 99Tcm-pyro activities was determined for normal and infarcted (INF) heart segments. There is a zone of INF that contains residual I phi PA which also concentrates 99Tcm-pyro consistently after MI. This zone may represent jeopardized myocardium which has not undergone complete necrosis.
Animals↗
Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator.
The thrombolytic potency and myocardial infarct--sparing potential of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were studied in electrocardiographically monitored, open-chest, anesthetized dogs. Localized coronary thrombosis was produced in the left anterior descending artery by endothelial injury and instillation of thrombin and fresh blood. After 2 hr of stable thrombotic occlusion, rt-PA was infused intravenously. At a dose of 4.3 micrograms/kg/min, time to reperfusion was greater than 40 min (n = 3). However, at higher infusion rates a linear, dose-dependent time to coronary reperfusion was obtained (r = .88): at 10 micrograms/kg/min reperfusion occurred after 31 +/- 2 min (n = 3), at 15 micrograms/kg/min it was at 26 +/- 7 min (n = 4), and at 25 micrograms/kg/min, lysis was accomplished within 13 +/- 3 min (n = 3). Thrombolysis was not associated with alterations in either plasma hemostatic factors (fibrinogen, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin) or in systemic blood pressures. Epicardial electrographic measurements revealed a significant reduction in ST elevation in all reperfused hearts. A randomized, blinded study was also carried out with 15 micrograms/kg/min of rt-PA saline in 18 dogs with 30 min of coronary thrombosis. Reperfusion in the treated group occurred after 28 +/- 3 min. No evidence of thrombolysis was noted in the saline-treated group within 240 min. Size of myocardial infarction was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and planimetry. Infarction involved 2.5 +/- 0.5% of the left ventricular wall in the group receiving rt-PA, but 16 +/- 3% of the left ventricle in the saline-treated group (p = .001). It is concluded that intravenous infusion of rt-PA results in rapid, dose-dependent coronary thrombolysis without systemic fibrinolytic activation and that early lysis of coronary thrombi is associated with substantial salvage of myocardial tissue.
Animals↗
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D production after stimulation with synthetic human parathyroid hormone (1-34) in hypoparathyroid and renal tubular disorders.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in response to two successive infusions of synthetic active 1-34 fragment of human PTH [hPTH-(1-34)] was evaluated in order to develop an understanding of the vitamin D metabolism and the rationale of vitamin D therapy in calcium disorders. Five normal controls, six hypoparathyroid patients, two patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets, one patient with Lowe's synd. and one patient with primary Fanconi's synd. were investigated, and the following results were obtained. All normal controls showed a significant increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D[43 +/- 3.8 (m +/- SEM, n = 5, basal), 53 +/- 4.3 (three hours after the first PTH infusion), 65 +/- 7.7 (six hours) and 66 +/- 4.4 (nine hours) pg/ml]. All patients with PTH-deficient hypoparathyroidism showed a significant increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D, and serum 1,25(OH)2D values were within the normal range after hPTH-(1-34) stimulation. Serum 1,25(OH)2D remained low after hPTH-(1-34) infusions in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism type I who showed a significant increase in this value after infusion of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. On the other hand, a patient with normocalcemic pseudohypoparathyroidism type I had a high basal 1,25(OH)2D value, which increased further after hPTH-(1-34) infusions. An almost normal increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D was observed in two patients with hypophosphatemic vitamin-D-resistant rickets, one with Lowe's syndrome and the other with primary Franconi's syndrome. We conclude that these results ae important in obtaining an understanding of calcium and vitamin D metabolism in these disorders and that this PTH stimulation test is a useful method to use in evaluating renal responsiveness in 1,25(OH)2D production to PTH in various calcium disorders.
Adolescent↗
Immunological properties of a novel beta-lactamase produced by Bacteroides fragilis.
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Animals↗
Inactivation of cephamycins by various beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria.
The enzymic inactivation of cephamycins, i.e. cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefotetan and cefbuperazone, was investigated by means of bioassay, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric analysis using three types of cephalosporinase (CSase, RICHMOND type Ia, Ib and Ic) and one penicillinase (PCase, TEM type). These four cephamycins were not inactivated by Ic CSase and TEM type PCase or producers of these enzymes. However, the inactivation of cefmetazole and cefoxitin was noted when they were incubated in the cultures of CSase (Ia and Ib)-producers or incubated with a large amount of these purified enzymes although the inactivation of cefbuperazone was not noted. HPLC of culture fluid or enzyme solution which contained cefmetazole or cefoxitin and were incubated at 37 degrees C showed that metabolites of cefmetazole or cefoxitin appeared as the drug disappeared. In addition, the appearance of metabolites corresponded to the loss of the drug's bioactivities and the absorption of iodine. UV and IR spectra of cefmetazole which were taken after incubation with the purified CSase showed the cleavage of the beta-lactam ring.
Bacteria↗
Pretreatment with antigen or adjuvant, and the preventability of allergic encephalomyelitis induced by basic protein with synthetic muramyl dipeptide in comparison with Freund's complete adjuvant.
Protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was examined by prior injection of following materials with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc), synthetic muramyl dipeptide (Mdp), polyinosinate-polycytidylate (poly IC), or myelin basic protein (BP). 26 days later, guinea pigs received encephalitogenic challenge in the form of 20 micrograms BP + 20 micrograms Tbc in FIA (BP + Tbc) or 20 micrograms BP + 10 micrograms Mdp in FIA (BP + Mdp). (1) Either pretreatment with Mdp, poly IC or FIA alone showed no protecting effects. (2) Tbc/FIA was not effective on challenge with BP + Mdp, but effective on challenge with BP + Tbc, and produced passive hemagglutinating (PH) antibodies of moderate titer and and complement fixing (CF) antibodies of higher titer. (3) BP/FIA was effective on both BP + Tbc and BP + Mdp challenges, and produced PH antibodies of higher titer than that of CF antibodies. (4) Clinicopathological survey revealed that the challenge with BP + Mdp was blocked perfectly by prior injection with BP/FIA whereas the challenge with BP + Tbc was incompletely blocked by either Tbc/FIA or BP/FIA pretreatment. (5) The finding was verified also by cerebrospinal fluid cell count at the termination of clinical observation. As compared with FCA, Mdp adjuvant itself has no antigenic component, which seems to explain the results in this study.
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
[A case of acute autonomic neuropathy].
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Acute Disease↗
[Appraisal of therapeutic agents for peptic ulcer by continuous intragastric pH monitoring].
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Adult↗
Relation of segmental wall motion to global left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction.
The relation of left ventricular regional wall motion to global ventricular function was evaluated by radionuclide ventriculography in 127 patients within 18 hours of acute myocardial infarction. No patient had evidence of previous myocardial infarction. The following parameters were measured: (1) wall motion index; (2) percent of abnormally contracting segment; (3) ejection fraction (EF); (4) end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV); and (5) peak systolic cuff pressure/end-systolic volume ratio (PSP/ESV). The measurements of global function correlated well with wall motion index (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001 for EF; r = -0.69, p less than 0.001 for ESV; and r = 0.061, p less than 0.001 for PSP/ESV), but EDV correlated less well (r = -0.35, p less than 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that EF correlated best with wall motion index, and no other parameters of global left ventricular function added significantly to the regression. The correlation of motion in each segment with EF was determined by multiple linear regression analysis. Ejection fraction correlated best with motion in the anterobasal, then in order of correlation, in the apical-septal, inferoapical, anterolateral, and superlateral walls. The relation of EDV, ESV, and degree of percent abnormally contracting segments was as follows: EDV did not increase with a mild regional wall motion abnormality; however, ESV did increase and reduced stroke volume. As percent abnormally contracting segments worsened, enlargement of both EDV and ESV was seen and was associated with further reduction in systolic volume. These data suggest that EF is the best global left ventricular function correlate of the severity of the regional wall motion abnormality, and that abnormal motion in the territory of the left anterior descending coronary best predicts reduction in global left ventricular function. Radionuclide ventriculography is useful in characterizing global and regional left ventricular function in the early hours of acute myocardial infarction.
Aged↗