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Biomedical subjects

T Yano

Publications and source records attributed to T Yano.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Relationship between platelet phospholipase activity and plasma in ischemic heart disease.

Platelet phospholipase plays an important role in the metabolic responses of platelets to exogenous stimuli. The platelet phospholipase activity (PLA) was therefore studied in 38 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and in 26 age-matched normal subjects who served as controls. The mean platelet PLA in the IHD group was 12.72 +/- 1.03 nmol/mg protein/30 sec which was significantly (p less than 0.005) higher than that of the normal controls (8.72 +/- 0.76). When they were classified into acute stage, such as unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and chronic stage, such as stable angina or old myocardial infarction (OMI), there was no significant difference between them. On the other hand, about two-fold activation of platelet PLA was observed in acute stage IHD, and 20-30% inhibition of it was demonstrated in chronic stage IHD following the addition of autologous plasma to washed platelet suspensions, suggesting that certain plasma factor(s) are responsible for such phenomena. In an attempt to identify these plasma factor(s), various substances such as serum albumin, high density lipoprotein, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2), and platelet activating factor were assessed by in vitro experiments. Only PGE1 and PGE2 revealed a significant effect on the platelet PLA. The relationship between plasma and platelet activity in terms of platelet PLA deserves attention since it varies according to the type and stage of IHD.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed1984

Evolutionary implications of error amplification in the self-replicating and protein-synthesizing machinery.

Evolutionary constraints operating on animal mitochondrial tRNA were estimated to be reduced to about 1/30 of those that apply to cytoplasmic tRNA. In the nuclear-cytoplasmic system, an effect of a mutation in tRNA is likely to be amplified through positive feedback loops consisting of DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases, ribosomal proteins, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, tRNA processing enzymes, and others. This amplification phenomenon is called an "error cascade" and the loops that cause it are called "error loops." The freedom of evolutionary change of cytoplasmic tRNA is expected to be severely restricted to avoid the error cascade. In fact, cytoplasmic tRNA is highly conserved during evolution. On the other hand, in the animal mitochondrial system, all of the proteins involved in error loops are coded for in the nuclear genome and imported from the cytoplasm, and accordingly the system is free from the error cascade. The difference in constraints operating on animal tRNA between cytoplasm and mitochondria is attributed to the presence or absence of error loops. It is shown that the constraints on mitochondrial tRNA in fungi are not as relaxed as those in animals. This observation is attributed to the presence of an error loop in fungal mitochondria, since at least one protein of the mitochondrial ribosome is coded for in the mitochondrial genome of fungi. The evolutionary rates of proteins involved in the processing of genetic information are discussed in relation to the error cascade.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Concomitant falls of plasma cortisol and ACTH levels in a case of Cushing's disease during treatment with trilostane.

A 72-year-old man with Cushing's disease was treated with trilostane, a competitive inhibitor of adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSDH). The treatment with trilostane successfully lowered urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and plasma levels of cortisol and elevated the plasma level of dehydroepiandrosterone. Unexpectedly, plasma ACTH fell from 109.7 +/- 45.0 to 42.7 +/- 27.3 pg/ml (P less than 0.01) in parallel with plasma cortisol. The hyperresponsiveness of plasma ACTH observed both in the metyrapone test and the lysine-vasopressin test was also ameliorated by treatment with trilostane. Then low dose of pituitary irradiation with cobalt-60 was added and his urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and plasma levels of cortisol decreased further. After treatment with trilostane was finally stopped, the plasma ACTH increased from 45.9 +/- 21.9 to 69.6 +/- 25.3 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) in parallel with plasma cortisol. Since then he has had no recurrence for 12 months. These observations suggest that trilostane, like other adrenal enzyme-inhibiting drugs, may induce unexpected improvement of the abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis present in Cushing's disease.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1984

Oxygen deficit and anaerobic threshold in the incremental exercise in normoxia and hypoxia.

The differences between VO2 at the 5th min in steady state exercise and VO2 in incremental exercise were consecutively added from start of incremental exercise to a given time. These added values were defined as oxygen deficit. Anaerobic threshold was determined as the breakpoint of blood lactate during incremental exercise. The oxygen deficit at the anaerobic threshold in normoxia was almost identical to that in hypoxia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cardiac output determined by the CO2 rebreathing method with correlation of lung-bag volume shrinkage.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of lung-bag volume shrinkage on P'VCO2 estimated by the CO2 rebreathing method and to correct its effect in calculation of cardiac output. The P'VCO2 was extrapolated with the linear relationship between dPACO2/dt and PACO2 during rebreathing. The P'VCO2 was higher than real mixed PCO2 by 0.82 mmHg at rest, by 1.35 mmHg at 50W, 1.57 mmHg at 100W, and 3.06 mmHg at 150W considering the effect of lung-bag volume shrinkage detected by argon concentration. The cardiac output obtained by the CO2 rebreathing method with correction of above differences was in good agreement with that determined by the acetylene method (r = 0.930, p less than 0.001). When the cardiac output was plotted against O2 uptake, our results and the regression line were fairly close to the reported regression lines.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1983

Steroid hormone synthesis and secretion by testes, ovary, and adrenals of embryonic and postembryonic ducks.

To elucidate the relationship between steroidogenesis and sex differentiation or sexual development in the birds, plasma LH, testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, corticosterone and cortisol, testicular and ovarian testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone, and adrenal corticosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone concentrations from 15- to 26-day-old embryonic and 1- to 14-day-old postembryonic male and female ducks were determined by radioimmunoassays. Plasma LH level was high in embryos and decreased after hatching in both sexes. Both plasma testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were statistically higher in female embryos than in male embryos, while sex differences were not observed in plasma progesterone, corticosterone, or cortisol concentrations. Both plasma corticosterone and cortisol reached a peak at hatching, and decreased thereafter. Testicular and ovarian testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, or progesterone was much higher in female embryos than in male embryos. Adrenal corticosterone, cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone concentrations reached a peak 1 day after hatching, and decreased thereafter in both sexes. These results indicate that duck embryonic ovary is much more active in production and secretion of sex steroid hormones than the embryonic testes. It is suggested that the sex of the avian species is basically male having homozygoty of sex chromosomes (ZZ), and that estrogens secreted by the embryonic ovary have important roles in female sex differentiation. Very high levels of corticosterone and cortisol either in plasma or adrenals observed shortly after hatch suggest that corticosteroids have an important role in hatching of ducks to adapt themselves to a new environment.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1983

[A case of alpha-fetoprotein producing embryonal carcinoma of the stomach].

A 67-year-old man with complaints of general malaise and epigastralgia was admitted to our hospital for further examination. Upper GI series and endoscopy showed advanced cancer, Borrmann type II; biopsy specimens revealed pathological pictures of malignancy. The serum alpha-fetoprotein values were remarkably high (473,000 ng/dl); the liver scintigram revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right lobe and the abdominal CT-scan showed ascites and lymphadenopathy of the abdominal para-aortic region. Therefore, double cancer of the stomach and the liver was suspected. The patient died in a state of hepatic coma with a rapid increase of jaundice, ascites and right pleural effusion at 3 weeks after admission despite the anti-cancer treatment. Autopsy revealed embryonal carcinoma with yolk sac tumor elements of stomach origin, extensive metastasis to the liver, lung, peritoneum, and portal vein. The peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique revealed that primary and secondary tumor cells produced alpha-fetoprotein.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Respiratory emergency].

The clinical features of respiratory emergency in the cancer patient are those related to pericardial effusion, superior vena caval syndrome, restrictive ventilatory disturbance, obstruction of airway, and functionally obstructive disease. They may be the result of the primary tumor, per se, or may occur during or after treatment of the malignancy. This section will briefly discuss the diagnosis and management of these respiratory emergencies in the cancer patient.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1982

Detection of heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by the radial immune hemolysis test: a modification for clinical use.

An adaptation for clinical purposes of a radial immune hemolysis test for the detection of the heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is described. The results correlated well with those from Vero cell assay and the passive immune hemolysis test. Because the test is easy, relatively cheap, and as sensitive as other standard procedures, for LT detection, it is particularly suitable for less-equipped laboratories. Also, a large number of E. coli strains may be examined daily by this technique.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1982

Rotor's syndrome: a study on variations in pigment metabolism with age.

The effects of aging on the pigment metabolism in Rotor's syndrome were investigated in six cases examined at least twice at an average interval of 10.5 +/- 6.5 years and additional four cases examined only once. No significant increase was found in the total (TB) or direct (DB) bilirubin in serum. However, indirect bilirubin increased significantly from 1.21 +/- 0.72 mg/dl to 2.28 +/- 1.00 mg/dl (p less than 0.05) and DB/TB ratio (% Direct) decreased significantly from 77.3 +/- 6.6% to 64.4 +/- 8.7% (p less than 0.05). BSP retentions at 45 minutes increased significantly from 26.8 +/- 10.9% to 45.3 +/- 14.9% (p less than 0.05). A significant positive correlation between the values of BSP retained at 45 minutes and the age was also observed (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that the pigment metabolism in Rotor's syndrome deteriorates with the age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Glucagon-secreting pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, containing insulin and somatostatin, with hypoglycemic attack.

A patient with glucagonoma syndrome and hypoglycemic attack is presented. Total pancreatectomy was performed with splenectomy and excision of the metastatic nodule in the liver. Diagnosis of glucagon-secreting A cell carcinoma of the pancreas was confirmed by hormone assays and morphological studies with light and electron microscopy. Glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin were demonstrated immunohistochemically in the tumor tissue. Multihormonal features of the endocrine pancreatic tumors are discussed.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗