Acinar cell basal-lateral membrane-endomembrane traffic may mediate interactions with both T cells and B cells.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yang
Publications and source records attributed to T Yang.
Developmentally regulated organ-, tissue-, and cell-specific expression of calmodulin genes in common wheat.
Recently, we reported on the characterization of the calmodulin (CaM) gene family in wheat [44]. We classified wheat CaM genes into four subfamilies (SFs) designated SF-1 to SF-4, each representing a series of homoeoallelic loci on the homoeologous chromosomes of the three genomes of common wheat. Here we studied the expression of these wheat CaM genes in the course of wheat development. Northern blot analysis using SF-specific probes revealed differences in SF expression levels in different organs and stages of development. Subsequently, cell-specific expression of CaM SFs was investigated by in situ RNA hybridization. In developing seeds, all CaM SFs showed highest expression in the embryo and less in the aleurone and in the starchy endosperm. In primary roots, all four CaM SFs were expressed in the root cap, meristematic regions and in differentiating cells. During development of the roots, expression gradually decreased. The wheat glutenin gene, which was used as a control throughout our experiments, was found to be expressed in the starchy endosperm but not in the aleurone, embryos or vegetative tissues. In stems, at advanced stages of growth, differences in cell-specific expression of CaM SFs were found. For example, SF-2 was highly expressed in differentiating phloem fibers. Thus, CaM genes in common wheat exhibit a developmentally regulated organ-, tissue-, cell- and SF-specific expression patterns.
Blotting, Northern↗
Tubular localization and tissue distribution of peptide transporters in rat kidney.
PURPOSE: To define the tubular localization and tissue distribution of PEPT1 (low-affinity, high-capacity transporter) and PEPT2 (high-affinity, low-capacity transporter) in rat kidney. METHODS: mRNA expression of PEPT1 and PEPT2 was assessed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods using cDNA prepared from microdissected nephron segments in rat. Tissue localization of rat renal PEPT1 and PEPT2 mRNA was further assessed by in situ hybridization with radiolabeled probes. RESULTS: RT-PCR analysis of microdissected segments from rat nephron showed that both PEPT1 and PEPT2 are confined to a proximal tubule. While PEPT1 is specific for early regions of the proximal tubule (pars convoluta), PEPT2 is overwhelmingly but not exclusively expressed in latter regions of the proximal tubule (pars recta). All other segments along the nephron were negative for PEPT1 or PEPT2 mRNA transcripts. These finding were supported by in situ hybridization results in which PEPT1 was selectively expressed in kidney cortex and PEPT2 in the outer stripe of outer medulla. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to current opinion, the data suggest that peptides are handles in a sequential manner in proximal regions of the nephron, first by the low-affinity, high-capacity transport system and second by the high-affinity, low-capacity transport system.
Animals↗
A mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome imprinting-centre mutations.
Imprinting in the 15q11-q13 region involves an 'imprinting centre' (IC), mapping in part to the promoter and first exon of SNRPN. Deletion of this IC abolishes local paternally derived gene expression and results in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). We have created two deletion mutations in mice to understand PWS and the mechanism of this IC. Mice harbouring an intragenic deletion in Snrpn are phenotypically normal, suggesting that mutations of SNRPN are not sufficient to induce PWS. Mice with a larger deletion involving both Snrpn and the putative PWS-IC lack expression of the imprinted genes Zfp127 (mouse homologue of ZNF127), Ndn and Ipw, and manifest several phenotypes common to PWS infants. These data demonstrate that both the position of the IC and its role in the coordinate expression of genes is conserved between mouse and human, and indicate that the mouse is a suitable model system in which to investigate the molecular mechanisms of imprinting in this region of the genome.
Animals↗
Tubuloglomerular feedback: new concepts and developments.
Luminal [NaCl] at the macula densa (MD) has two established effects: regulation of glomerular arteriolar resistance through tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and control of renin secretion. TGF acts as a minute-to-minute stabilizer of distal salt delivery, thereby minimizing the impact of random perturbations in filtration and absorption forces on NaCl excretion. During long-lasting perturbations of MD [NaCl], control of renin secretion becomes the dominant function of the MD. The potentially maladaptive effect of TGF under chronic conditions is prevented by TGF adaptations permitting adjustments in glomerular filtration rate to occur. TGF adaptation is mechanistically coupled to the endpoint targeted by chronic deviations in MD [NaCl], the rate of local and systemic angiotensin II generation. Studies of TGF in transgenic mice are expected to provide further insights into the mechanisms mediating between luminal [NaCl] and afferent arterioles. TGF responses are virtually abolished in mice in which either the AT1A gene or the angiotensin converting enzyme gene is rendered nonfunctional by homologous recombination. In contrast, TGF responses are unaltered in nitric oxide synthase I knockout mice. Thus, an intact renin-angiotensin system appears to be critical for the TGF signaling pathway.
Animals↗
Regulation of cyclooxygenase expression in the kidney by dietary salt intake.
The present studies were undertaken to determine the effect of dietary salt intake on the renal expression of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 COX-2). Protein levels were assessed by Western blotting, and mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on cDNA prepared from kidney regions, dissected nephron segments, and cultured renal cells. Both isoforms were expressed at high levels in inner medulla (IM), with low levels detected in outer medulla and cortex. COX-1 mRNA was present in the glomerulus and all along the collecting duct, whereas COX-2 mRNA was restricted to the macula densa-containing segment (MD), cortical thick ascending limb (CTAL), and, at significantly lower levels, in the inner medullary collecting duct. Both isoforms were highly expressed at high levels in cultured medullary interstitial cells and at lower levels in primary mesangial cells and collecting duct cell lines. Maintaining rats on a low- or high-NaCl diet for 1 wk did not affect expression of COX-1. In IM of rats treated with a high-salt diet, COX-2 mRNA increased 4.5-fold, and protein levels increased 9.5-fold. In contrast, cortical COX-2 mRNA levels decreased 2.9-fold in rats on a high-salt diet and increased 3.3-fold in rats on a low-salt diet. A low-salt diet increased COX-2 mRNA 7.7-fold in MD and 3.3-fold in CTAL. Divergent regulation of COX-2 in cortex and medulla by dietary salt suggests that prostaglandins in different kidney regions serve different functions, with medullary production playing a role in promoting the excretion of salt and water in volume overload, whereas cortical prostaglandins may protect glomerular circulation in volume depletion.
Animals↗
Inhibition of adenosine-1 receptor-mediated preglomerular vasoconstriction in AT1A receptor-deficient mice.
The effect of the adenosine type 1 receptor agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on glomerular vascular reactivity was studied in male angiotensin II type 1A (AT1A) receptor knockout mice (9). Vascular reactivity was assessed as the response of stop-flow pressure (PSF) to infusion of CHA into loops of Henle using micropuncture techniques. In AT1A +/+ mice at ambient arterial blood pressure (96.7 +/- 2.8 mmHg), the presence of CHA (10 (-5) M) in the perfusate increased PSF responses from 6.8 +/- 0.6 to 14.3 +/- 0.9 mmHg when the loop of Henle of the index nephron was perfused and from 0.7 +/- 0.3 to 12.3 +/- 1.0 mmHg when the loop of an adjacent nephron was perfused. At reduced arterial blood pressure (82.8 +/- 1. 3 mmHg), index nephron perfusion with CHA increased PSF responses from 4.5 +/- 0.3 to 9.4 +/- 0.4 mmHg. In AT1A -/- mice with a mean arterial blood pressure of 80 +/- 1.9 mmHg, CHA increased PSF responses only from 0.1 +/- 0.3 to 3.6 +/- 0.54 mmHg during index nephron perfusion and from 0.25 +/- 0.2 to 2.7 +/- 0.55 mmHg during adjacent nephron perfusion, significantly less than in wild-type animals (P < 0.001). Responses to CHA were intermediate in AT1A +/- mice. Thus AT1A receptor knockout mice show a markedly reduced constrictor response to CHA both in the presence and absence of simultaneous activation of the tubuloglomerular feedback system. These data support the notion of a functional interaction between adenosine and angiotensin II in the regulation of afferent arteriolar tone.
Adenosine↗
Immunophenotype of myeloid cells in myelodysplastic syndromes and its clinical implications.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the immunophenotype of myeloid cells in myelodysplastic syndyomes (MDS) and its clinical implications. METHODS: A panel of monoclonal antibody was used to detect CD13+, CD33+, CD15+ and CD14+ antigens on the membrane surfaces of myeloid cells in the bone marrow from 51 MDS, 21 aplastic anemia (AA), 21 paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients. 10 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients and 15 normal subjects by immunoenzymatic assay. The morphology and chromosome karyotype of bone marrow cells of MDS patients were also examined. RESULTS: CD14+, CD13+ and CD33+ cells in the bone marrow were more in MDS patients than in normal controls, AA patients and PNH patients. CD15+ cells in the bone marrow were less in MDS patients than in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: The percentages of CD14+, CD13+ and CD33+ positive cells in the bone marrow of MDS patients were related to the percentage of myeloblasts, the chromosomal aberrations and the response to treatment. It indicated that there is immunophenotypic misexpression of myeloid cells in MDS patients. Immunophenotype analysis of myeloid cells might be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of MDS patients.
Adolescent↗
[Effects of the serum obtained from smoke inhalation injury rats on PMN adhesion and transmigration in vitro].
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the changes in PMN adhesive capacity to endothelial cells and transmigration through endothelial cell (CEC) sheet in the presence of the serum from rats with smoke inhalation injury (SII). The effects of adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, and ICAM-1 on the PMN adhesion and transmigration were also studied. METHOD: In the present study fluorescent assay, EC sheet cultured on the 5 microns permeable membrane and antibody blocking technique were used to study the PMN adhesion and transmigration in vitro. RESULT: It was found that the serum from SII rats could promote PMN adhesion to CEC sheet. After being cultured with the serum for 12-24 h, PMN adhesion to CEC was more than three times of that in control. The serum also enhanced PMN transmigration through the CEC sheet in vitro, doubling the amount observed in control when the sheet was cultured with the serum for 24 h. Based on the above data it was believed that the SII rat serum could enhance PMN adhesion to and transmigration through lung capillary, and the percentages of PMN adhesion and transmigration were found to be positively correlated (r = 0.975). Furthermore, the antibodies against CD11a, CD11b, and ICAM-1 reduced PMN adhesion 44%, 55% and 51%, respectively, and at the same time decreased PMN transmigration 39%, 65%, and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the presence of serum obtained from SII rats PMN adhesion to and transmigration through CEC sheet increased, which is the possible underlying mechanism responsible for PMN infiltration in vitro. Moreover, the adhesion molecules such as CDA11a, CD11b, and ICAM-1 play an important role in the process. Infiltrated PMN could release oxygen free radicals and protease to injure lung tissue.
Animals↗
[A comparative study on the risk factors for the incidence of tongue cancer].
The risk factors for the incidence of tongue cancer were analyzed with case study. The result showed that oral leukoplakia (OR = 8.50) residual roots of oral teeth (OR = 8.50), eating hot foods (OR = 13.0) and eating fire-roasted foods (OR = 3.5) were the main risk factors for the occurrence of tongue cancer. Eating fresh fruits (OR = 0.01) was usually helpful to the decrease in the predisposition of tongue cancer. It suggested that oral precancerous lesions and mouth diseases should be cured early and good life behavior must be developed in order to prevent the incidence of tongue cancer.
Case-Control Studies↗
[A study of Nexin 1 of skin and hair follicle during postnatal development period of rat].
OBJECTIVE: The changes of Nexin 1 mRNA of skin hair follicles of postnatal rats were investigated on tissue sections in this paper in order to get more information about the possible functions of Nexin 1 in regulating of hair growth and cycle. METHODS: The distribution and quantity of Nexin 1 mRNA on the paraffin sections of skin and hair follicle of Wistar rats, aged from postnatal 1 day to 61 day, were investigated by radiolabel In Situ Hybridization technique. RESULTS: When the rats were 4 days old, the signals of Nexin 1 mRNA in the follicular papillary cells were observed. The signals of Nexin 1 mRNA showed a regular changes in the hair cycles: the signal of Nexin 1 mRNA appeared in the early stage of anagen phase and became higher level gradually, the peak was in the middle-late(IV) stage of anagen and decreased in later anagen but it totally disappeared when the follicles entered into catagen and telegen phases of hair cycles. Nexin 1 message was only accumulated in follicular papillary cells but no signal of Nexin 1 mRNA was detected in any other skin and hair follicular cells, including dermal fibroblasts, mast cells, adipocytes, endothelial or muscle cells, keratinocytes of skin and in different layers of hair follicle were showing also negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested a possible role of Nexin 1 which was a potent serine-protease inhibitor and have been shown in many organs to play important roles in regulating cellular growth and differentiation in regulating hair follicular growth.
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗
[Study on effect of acupoint sticker of TTS-ST93-1 in treating motion sickness].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Transdermal Therapeutic System ST93-1 (TTS-ST93-1) by acupoint sticking in treating motion sickness (MS). METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three young volunteers with history of MS recently were subjected to a 3 hours journey by track and armored car, and divided randomly into tested, positive control and negative control groups, treated with TTS-ST93-1 plaster, TTS-Scopolamine plaster and placebo (lactose plaster) respectively. The TTS-ST93-1 plaster was stuck on Neiguan (P6) or Shenque (CV8) or Qimai (TE18) point and the effect of treatment was observed by double-blind method. RESULTS: The mean effective rate of tested group was 95.9%, which was significantly different to that of the negative control group (P < 0.01). In the tested group, the protection rate of plaster stuck on Shenque was 81.4%, on Neiguan was 45.5% and on Qimai was 100%, with an average of 76.0%, which was significantly different to that of the negative control group. The protection rate of TTS-Scopolamine plaster was merely 27.3%. The side effects of TTS-ST93-1 plaster were mouth dryness, sleepiness and fatigue, as compared with the negative control group, the difference was insignificant. No allergic reaction of skin such as swelling, pain or itching was found in the tested group. CONCLUSION: Acupoint sticker of TTS-ST93-1 was an effective treatment for MS with less side effect and no allergic reaction of skin.
Acupuncture Points↗
Effect of hypoxia on motion sickness induced by optokinetic stimulation.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of hypoxia on motion sickness (MS) induced by optokinetic stimulation and to observe its character and principle. Twenty healthy male subjects aged 18-25 years received optokinetic stimulus (OS) and hypoxic-optokinetic stimulus (HOS) according to the "Latin Square" arrangement and "Self-control" methods. Motion sickness symptoms (MSS) and optokinetic horizontal nystagmus (OKHN) were recorded and analysed. The results indicated: (1) MS average score for HOS was higher than that for OS (P<0.001); (2) Slow phase velocity(SPV) of OKHN in HOS was lower than that in OS (P<0.001). The results clearly showed that moderate hypoxia could deteriorate the MS induced by OS. It provided a method for the screening of MS sensitivity.
Adolescent↗
Enzyme immunoassay for cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase in whole blood and urine during head down bed rest.
A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay system for the determination of cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) in whole blood and urine with horseradish peroxidase as a labeling enzyme was reported. It measures Cu, Zn-SOD with good repeatability of 0.05-5 ng. Coefficients of variation were 1.17%-7.94% for within-a-day assay and 1.94%-10.73% for between days assay. The average recoveries from whole blood and urine were 101.0%-113.8% and 96.0%-116.0%, respectively. Using this enzyme immunoassay, the normal range of Cu, Zn-SOD concentration in the whole blood was found to be 281.66 +/- 25.45ng/ml, and it tended to decline 3d after HDBR -6 degrees. The normal range in urine Cu, Zn-SOD concentration was 0.87 +/- 0. 33 micrograms/g of creatinine, it decreased significantly on the 3rd day during HDBR -6 degrees. Both of them recovered to normal on the 6th day during HDBR -6 degrees.
Adult↗
Alteration of vasoreactivity of mesenteric arteries in rats after two-week simulated weightlessness.
To investigate the effects of simulated weightlessness on vasoreactivity of mesenteric arteries, rats were tail-suspended for two weeks, and vasoreactivity were studied in vitro using isolated mesenteric arterial ring. The results showed that maximal contractile responses to KCl (10-80 mmol/L) and phenylephrine (PE, 10(-10)-10(-4) mol/L) were attenuated in arterial rings isolated from tail-suspended rats. After constriction caused by 10(-7) mol/L PE, maximal dilatory responses induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10(-10)-10(-4) mol/L) were not different between tail-suspended and control groups. These data indicated that contractile ability of mesenteric artery was diminished by tail-suspension, whereas the dilatory capacity of arterial smooth muscle was not altered.
Animals↗
[Studies on the functional anatomy of Golgi-phobic dendrites of spinal motoneurons in rats--different dendroarchitectures of the motoneurons to slow muscle and fast one].
OBJECTIVE: The functional anatomy of Golgi-phobic dendrites (GBD) of spinal motoneurons (Mn) in rats was studied from their postnatal development. METHODS: Cholera toxin B subunit conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) retrograde labelling method was mainly used. RESULTS: In the extensor digitorum longus Mn pool (EDL-Mn) GBD gradually decrease during development and are only a few in adults. The related value of the surface density of the white matter dendrites, most of them are GBD, of the soleus Mn pool (SOL-Mn) is nearly double than that of EDL-Mn. CONCLUSIONS: GBD of motoneurons might be related to their action patterns, especially the tonic action of slow muscle, such as the soleus. The hypotheis of dual circuits in motor control, the paralateral circuit on GBD regulates control of tonic action and the core circuit on Golgi-philic dendrites (GLD) and somata regulates phasic action, such as on EDL-Mn, has been further enhanced.
Animals↗
[Bilateral ureter within single nipple for cutaneous ureterostomy after radical cystectomy].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of bilateral ureter within single nipple for cutaneous ureterostomy after radical cystectomy. METHOD: Bilateral ureter within single nipple for cutaneous ureterostomy was performed on 36 patients after radical cystectomy. RESULT: The nipple was formed well, and urinary drainage was patent. No death or severe complication occurred. The patients have been followed up for 3 months to 3.5 years. Urinary, electrolyte and renal functions were within normal levels. No pyelonephritis or hydronephrosis was observed in IVP, retrograde pyelography and/or sonographic examination of kidneys, no nipple constriction. A right ureter was pulled to the left retroperitoneum and formed a nipple with ureter left on the left abdominal wall. CONCLUSION: This is a simple and safe operation, especially suitable to the old and weak patients.
Adult↗
[Ionic channel pathies].
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Calcium Channels↗