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Biomedical subjects

T Yanagi

Publications and source records attributed to T Yanagi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Neonatal responses to alphaprodine administered during labor.

The effect of intravenously administered alphaprodine on newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scoring System (NACS) were compared in 30 parturients. Patients in group 1 (n = 15) received 20-40 mg increments of alphaprodine, with a total dose of 39.3 +/- 3.7 mg (mean +/- SEM). Group 2 patients (n = 15) received no medication during labor. Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the NACS were equally good in the two groups. The concentrations of alphaprodine in maternal vein, umbilical vein, and umbilical artery at delivery were measured using a gas-chromographic mass spectrophotometric technique. The results showed an umbilical vein-to-maternal vein ratio of 0.52 +/- 0.09. It is concluded that when administered as in this study, alphaprodine has no adverse effects on the neonate.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Safety and efficacy of epinephrine added to bupivacaine for lumbar epidural analgesia in obstetrics.

The effects of epidural bupivacaine with and without 1:300,000 epinephrine on uterine activity, progress of labor, fetal heart rate, maternal blood pressure and heart rate, newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scoring System (NACS) were compared in 32 parturients during labor and delivery. Patients in group I (n = 16) received 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:300,000 epinephrine and those in group II (n = 16) received 0.5% bupivacaine alone. Addition of epinephrine to bupivacaine had no significant effects on uterine activity, duration of first or second stages of labor, fetal heart rate and variability, or the incidence of abnormal fetal heart rate patterns. Maternal hypotension occurred less frequently in group I than in group II patients (P less than 0.05). Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the NACS were equally good in the two groups. Duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group I than in group II (186.8 +/- 11.6 vs 85.3 +/- 6.1 (mean +/- SEM) min, P less than 0.001). It is concluded that adding epinephrine to bupivacaine during epidural anesthesia in the normal parturient has no adverse effects on either mother, fetus, neonate, or the progress of labor; and that it significantly prolongs the duration of anesthesia and decreases the incidence of maternal hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of the effects of general and regional anesthesia for cesarean section on neonatal neurologic and adaptive capacity scores.

Fifty-two neonates delivered by elective cesarean section were evaluated using the Neonatal Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scores. Twenty of the mothers received general anesthesia, 14 received epidural, and 18 received spinal anesthesia. All mothers receiving regional anesthesia were prehydrated with 1000 ml of lactated Ringer's solution and were given oxygen via a transparent face mask. All mothers undergoing general anesthesia received thiopental for induction followed by N2O-O2 (4 L:4 L) and 0.5% enflurane until delivery of the baby. All mothers were healthy, not in labor, and were scheduled for elective cesarean section. All neonates weighed 2500 g or more, had Apgar scores of 7 or more at 1 and 5 min, and had normal acid base and blood gas data. Neonates delivered with general anesthesia scored significantly lower on some of the test items for adaptive capacity, passive tone, active tone, primary reflexes, and total scores at both 15 min and 2 hr of age (P less than 0.05) than those delivered with either epidural or spinal anesthesia. Neonates delivered with epidural anesthesia scored lower than those delivered with spinal anesthesia on supporting reaction and motor activity at 2 hr of age (P less than 0.05). All neonates had high scores at 24 hr, at which time there were no significant differences between the three groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Pathology of spinal cord lesions caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

The pathologic changes in the spinal cord of three autopsied cases associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament ( OPLL ) are reported. Compression of the spinal cord was marked at the level of the intervertebral disc, and the spinal cord was strikingly flattened antero-posteriorly. Intensive damage was seen in the gray matter as compared to the white matter. The white matter showed demyelination and axon loss with status spongiosus, which was more marked in the postero-lateral than in the anterior columns. The most seriously damaged parts of the spinal cord showed tissue necrosis and cavity formation which extended from the central parts of the gray matter to the ventral parts of the posterior columns. Adventitial fibrous thickening of the vein, hyaline degeneration of the walls of the arterioles, and compression of the anterior spinal vein were observed in the damaged regions. It was evident that secondary circulatory disturbance due to the compression produced by the ossification was of significance in the pathogenesis of the spinal cord damage. A tangle of peripheral nerves, ectopic and reactive, with Schwann cell proliferation was present in the posterior median fissure and the postero-lateral columns in one case. The spinal nerve roots that showed marked demyelination and axon loss were damaged by ossification at the places where the anterior nerve roots emerged from the spinal cord and where the roots penetrate the dura. There was ossification of the dura mater in all cases examined.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Maternal, fetal, and neonatal effects of lidocaine with and without epinephrine for epidural anesthesia in obstetrics.

The effects of epidural lidocaine with and without 1:300,000 epinephrine on uterine activity, progress of labor, fetal heart rate, maternal blood pressure and heart rate, newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scoring System were compared in 30 parturients during labor and delivery. Patients in group I (n = 16) received 1.5% lidocaine with 1:300,000 epinephrine and those in group II (n = 14) 1.5% lidocaine alone. Addition of epinephrine to lidocaine did not have any significant effects on uterine activity, duration of first or second stages of labor, fetal heart rate variability, or the incidence of abnormal fetal heart rate patterns. Maternal heart rate and the incidence of hypotensive episodes did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients. Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the NACS were equally good in the two groups. Duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group I as compared to group II patients (106.9 +/- 6.6 vs 66.2 +/- 4.4 min, P less than 0.001). Umbilical venous concentrations of lidocaine and umbilical vein to maternal vein ratios of lidocaine were significantly higher in group II patients (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that addition of epinephrine to lidocaine during epidural anesthesia in the normal parturient has no adverse effects on mother, fetus, neonate, or the progress of labor and it significantly prolongs the duration of anesthesia and limits the placental transfer of lidocaine.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1981

The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in obstructive biliary disease: a comparative evaluation with direct cholangiography.

Computed tomography (CT) and direct cholangiography were performed in 75 patients for the evaluation of obstructive biliary disease. The two modalities correlated well in cases of moderately or severly dilated intrahepatic bile ducts that showed tortuosity and/or engorgement, but mild dilatation with stretching of theperipheral intrahepatic bile ducts that was seen with direct cholangiography was detected with CT in only one of nine patients. Consequently, the CT diagnosis was correct in 41 of 51 patients (80.4%) with obstructive biliary disease; however, CT was correct in only 15 of the 25 patients (60%) with nontumorous obstructive biliary disease. It is concluded that, in cases of clinically suspected nonneoplastic obstructive disease, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or endoscopic retograde cholangiopancreatography should be performed even when dilated ducts are not demonstrated by CT.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1980

Application of a continuous channel electron multiplier for measuring gaseous tritium at low pressures.

Some fundamental studies on the application of a continuous channel electron multiplier (channeltron) for monitoring gaseous tritium present in an evacuated vessel at low pressures below 10(-4) Torr were carried out. The results showed that at the tritium pressures lower than 10(-6) Torr the tritium counting rate measured by the channeltron increased linearly, in practice, with increasing tritium pressure, as was expected by assuming that the interactions between beta-particle emitted from tritium and the vessel wall and gaseous molecules during the migration of beta-particle to the channeltron can be ignored. However, in the range of pressures over 10(-5) Torr the measured tritium counting rate was found to be getting smaller than the expected with increase in tritium pressure. This is presumably due to the absorption and scattering of beta-particles by gaseous tritium.

Gases↗