Gingival cancer suspected of producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: report of a case.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yanagawa
Publications and source records attributed to T Yanagawa.
SEL1L microsatellite polymorphism in Japanese patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.
The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), comprising Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), appear to develop as a result of complex interactions between predisposing genes and environmental triggers. A recently performed genome-wide linkage study identified six loci that showed evidence for linkage to AITD. One locus, GD-1, on chromosome 14q31 was mapped to within 2 centimorgans (cM) of the recently reported multinodular goiter (MNG)-1 locus. Furthermore, microsatellite markers for the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor gene on chromosome 14q31 were associated with AITDs in the Japanese population. A newly isolated growth factor, SEL1L, was recently mapped to 14q31, and we considered it an interesting candidate gene to examine with respect to both GD and MNG. We therefore have analyzed a dinucleotide (CA)n repeat polymorphism in the intron 20 of the SEL1L gene in patients with AITDs and in normal subjects. The polymorphic marker was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by electrophoresis on denaturing polyacrylamide gels. There was no significant difference in the distributions of SEL1L alleles between patients and controls. The present results do not support an association between a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in intron 20 of the SEL1L gene and AITD in Japanese women.
Female↗
NeuroD/beta2 gene G-->A polymorphism may affect onset pattern of type 1 diabetes in Japanese.
OBJECTIVE: The majority of type 1 diabetes is considered to be autoimmune with, for the most part, abrupt development. However, type 1 diabetes with slow onset, or the so-called slowly progressive type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, has been recently recognized and is considered to be autoimmune-related. Although some investigators tried to explain the difference in onset pattern by the genetic background, including HLA type, it has not been established thus far. We hypothesized that the difference in onset pattern may relate to regeneration or differentiation of pancreatic beta-cells, and we therefore focused on the NeuroD/BETA2 gene, which encodes a transcription factor for the insulin gene and beta-cell differentiation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined the NeuroD/BETA2 gene polymorphism in 105 Japanese type 1 diabetic patients and in 122 nondiabetic Japanese subjects in a case-control study, and we stratified the patients according to their onset pattern and islet-associated autoantibody positivity. RESULTS: Regardless of the existence of islet-associated autoantibody, we found a significant difference in A allele frequency between type 1 diabetic patients with acute-onset type and control subjects. However, no difference was found between type 1 slow-onset diabetic patients and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results support our hypothesis that NeuroD/BETA2 may affect the ability of regeneration of beta-cells, leading to a difference in the onset pattern and clinical course of type 1 diabetes.
Adolescent↗
No association of type 1 diabetes with a microsatellite marker for CTLA-4 in a Japanese population.
Susceptibility to insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. The primary gene associated with predisposition to type 1 diabetes is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene (IDDM1). Recent studies have described linkage and association of type 1 diabetes to the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene (IDDM12)in Caucasians. CTLA-4 is a candidate gene for T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases because it is a negative regulator of T-cell proliferation. We investigated distribution of a CTLA-4 (AT)n microsatellite marker in 118 Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes and 195 control subjects. We also investigated association between this CTLA-4 gene polymorphism and GAD65 antibody positivity in 103 of the patients. CTLA-4 microsatellite marker loci were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA and resolution of the products on sequencing gels. GAD65 antibody was detected by radioligand binding assay. There was no significant difference in the distribution of CTLA-4 alleles between patients and controls, and no difference was observed in the prevalence of CTLA-4 alleles when GAD65 antibody-positive and -negative individuals with the type 1 diabetes were compared. The present study did not support an association between the CTLA-4 microsatellite marker and type 1 diabetes in our Japanese study population.
Abatacept↗
Expression of bone formation-related molecules in a newly established protein-independent osteosarcoma.
Protein-independent cells are useful for analysis of proteins that are produced by the cells themselves without any consideration of exogenous proteins. This experimental protein-independent tumor system provides new biology of the autonomous nature of neoplastic cells during their evolution. We established a Dunn protein-free osteosarcoma (DPF) cell line, which was derived from parental fetal calf serum (FCS)-dependent murine Dunn osteosarcoma (DOS) cells. The DPF cells grew in a chemically defined protein-free medium at the high seeding density of 1x10(4) cells/well of a 96-well-plate with a similar doubling time to that of cells growing in the presence of FCS, while the cells did not grow at a density lower than 1x10(3)/well. Furthermore, addition of conditioned medium stimulated the growth in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, DOS did not grow in the protein-free condition at all. Morphological examination revealed that DPF cells exhibited a more round shape than DOS cells. RT-PCR analysis exhibited the augmentation of the RNA message of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and osteocalcin in DPF cells. Enhanced expression of BMP-4 protein was also demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was higher in DPF cells, indicating that bone-formation related molecules may be overexpressed in protein-independent osteosarcoma cells. These results suggest that putative growth factors may play a role in the DPF cell growth in an autocrine fashion, and the acquisition of autonomous growth independent of exogenous proteins may be coupled to the osteogenic differentiation.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Effect of dioxins in mother's milk on sister chromatid exchange frequency in infant lymphocytes.
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency which was an index to the synthetic and sharp genetic toxicity was examined using the infant lymphocyte cells around postnatal of 1 year. SCE frequency as the control culture which was treated with the solvent, DMSO, alone (SCEcontrol) was 8.2 +/- 0.9/cell and as cultured with 7,8-benzoflavone (ANF) (SCEANF) was 11.8 +/- 1.4/cell. In addition, the difference of SCEANF and SCEcontrol, namely, delta SCEs became 3.6 +/- 1.3/cell. The concentration of the dioxins in the mother's milk, which had taken by the infants, in the 2-4 month postpartum was 0.95 +/- 0.51 pg-TEQ/g in the male infants, and 0.97 +/- 0.48 pg-TEQ/g in the female ones. The sex difference could not be recognized in contamination levels of the dioxins in mother's milk. The SCE frequency of the infant lymphocytes was examined in order to evaluate the genetic toxicity of the dioxins which had contaminated mother's milk. As the result, either the SCE frequencies or delta SCEs did not show any significant correlation to the dioxins. Therefore, the dioxins were considered not to induce the genetic toxicity such as the SCEs at the present levels of pollution in Japanese mother's milk around postnatal of 1 year.
Adult↗
[A case of sarcoidosis acutely aggravated with high fever and diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrates].
We present a case of sarcoidosis acutely aggravated with high fever and diffuse interstitial pulmonary infiltrates in a female patient at the age of 64. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed in another hospital as a result of iritis, chest radiography findings, and a negative reaction in a tuberculin skin test. She was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea and a high temperature of 39 degrees C in February 1994. A marked hypoxemia (PaO2 46.5 torr) was found in arterial blood gas analysis. Chest radiography revealed a bilateral diffuse reticulo-nodular shadows, and chest CT showed ground glass opacity predominant posteriorly. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed an increase in lymphocytes and an increased ratio of CD4 to CD8 T lymphocyte. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed lymphocytic alveolitis and proliferation of epithelioid cell granulomas in the alveolar septa and intraalveolar spaces. The patient was treated for deterioration of sarcoidosis with 40 mg of prednisolone and her respiratory status and the radiographic findings improved rapidly. With dose tapering of prednisolone, dyspnea and deterioration of the radiographic findings occurred, but with addition of a weekly low dose of methotrexate, dose reduction of prednisolone was achieved.
Acute-Phase Reaction↗
Peroxiredoxin I expression in oral cancer: a potential new tumor marker.
This study investigates the applicability of the novel antioxidant protein, peroxiredoxin (Prx) I as a marker for tumor status in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Samples from 53 patients with SCC in the oral cavity were examined by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between the expression level of Prx I and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the clinical features of tumors, and their histopathological classifications were statistically analyzed. Cases exhibiting low Prx I expression level included significantly more with larger tumor mass cases (T-category, P=0.004), positive lymph node metastasis (N-category, P=0.015), advanced stage (P=0.002), and poorly differentiated cells (P=0.020). There was no significant difference between Prx I expression and the other indices.
Adult↗
Transcription factor Nrf2 coordinately regulates a group of oxidative stress-inducible genes in macrophages.
Electrophiles and reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Transcription factor Nrf2 was recently identified as a general regulator of one defense mechanism against such havoc. Nrf2 regulates the inducible expression of a group of detoxication enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, via antioxidant response elements. Using peritoneal macrophages from Nrf2-deficient mice, we show here that Nrf2 also controls the expression of a group of electrophile- and oxidative stress-inducible proteins and activities, which includes heme oxygenase-1, A170, peroxiredoxin MSP23, and cystine membrane transport (system x(c)(-)) activity. The response to electrophilic and reactive oxygen species-producing agents was profoundly impaired in Nrf2-deficient cells. The lack of induction of system x(c)(-) activity resulted in the minimum level of intracellular glutathione, and Nrf2-deficient cells were more sensitive to toxic electrophiles. Several stress agents induced the DNA binding activity of Nrf2 in the nucleus without increasing its mRNA level. Thus Nrf2 regulates a wide-ranging metabolic response to oxidative stress.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
Oxidative stress-related proteins A170 and heme oxygenase-1 are differently induced in the rat cerebellum under kainate-mediated excitotoxicity.
A170 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are characterized as oxidative stress-inducible proteins whose induction depends upon common transcription factor via antioxidant responsive element. We investigated the expression of A170 and HO-1 in the cerebellum after kainate administration. In situ hybridization showed constitutive expression of A170 and HO-1 mRNA in Purkinje cell layer; mild induction of A170 or HO-1 was detected, respectively, 8 or 24 h after kainate administration. Immunohistochemical studies also demonstrated that constitutive expression and the induction of A170 protein in Purkinje cells; the induction of HO-1 protein was detected in Bergmann glia but not in Purkinje cells. Thus, the transcription factors involved in the induction of A170 might be different from those in the induction of HO-1 under kainate-mediated excitotoxicity. The existence of cell type-specific stress response was suggested.
Animals↗
A feasibility study of chemosensitivity assay by adhesive tumor cell culture system using biopsy specimens for gastric cancer.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The adhesive tumor cell culture system (ATCCS) is known to produce high colony-forming efficiency. We, therefore, studied the feasibility of ATCCS for gastric cancer by use of biopsy specimens and the relationship between the results of ATCCS and histological effects of anticancer drugs. METHODS: Tumor specimens extracted by gastroendoscopic biopsy were sufficient for obtaining the result of sensitivity to at least one drug in 24 out of 30 (80%) patients. Twenty patients were administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 14 days prior to surgery, and the results of ATCCS were compared with histological changes of the resected specimens. RESULTS: The histological response rate was found to be 100% (4/4) when the 90% inhibition concentration (IC90) of 5-FU was less than 0.24 microg/ml (sensitive) and was 0% (0/3) when IC90 was greater than 0.40 microg/ml (resistant). CONCLUSIONS: Although lacking in statistical significance, the results suggest that the drug to which the tumor revealed sensitivity in the ATCCS would produce histological effects and the drug to which the tumor was resistant would have no histological effect.
Aged↗
Nutritional support for head-injured patients.
BACKGROUND: Head injury increases the body's metabolic responses, and therefore nutritional demands. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is associated with improved outcome. The best route for administering nutrition (parenterally (TPN) or enterally (EN)), and the best timing of administration (e.g early versus late) of nutrients needs to be established. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the effect on mortality and morbidity of alternative strategies of providing nutritional support following head injury. SEARCH STRATEGY: Trials were identified by computerised searches of the Injuries Group specialised register, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE and BIDS Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings, and by checking the reference lists of trials and review articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of nutritional support following acute traumatic brain injury. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed trial quality. Information was collected on death, disability, and incidence of infection. If trial quality was unclear, or if there were missing outcome data, trialists were contacted in an attempt to get further information. MAIN RESULTS: The timing of support: early versus delayed Of the six trials addressing the timing of support, data on mortality were obtained for all six trials, with a total of 257 patients. The relative risk (RR) for death with early nutritional support was 0.71 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.16). Data on disability were available for three trials. The RR for death or disability at the end of follow-up was 0.75 (0.50 to 1.11). The route of feeding: parenteral versus enteral Six trials compared parenteral versus enteral nutrition. Because early support often involves parenteral nutrition, three of the six trials are also included in the previous analyses. Five trials (207 participants) reported mortality. The RR for mortality at the end of follow-up period was 0.66 (0.41 to 1.07). Two trials provided data on death and disability. The RR was 0.69 (95%Cl 0.40 to 1.19). 3. Enteral nutrition: jejunal versus gastric. There was one trial with no deaths and the RR is not estimable. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that early feeding may be associated with a trend towards better outcomes in terms of survival and disability. Further trials are required. These trials should report not only nutritional outcomes but also the effect on death and disability.
Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PET imaging of musculoskeletal tumours with fluorine-18 alpha-methyltyrosine: comparison with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET.
Fluorine-18 labelled alpha-methyltyrosine (FMT) was developed for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and its potential for clinical application in patients with brain tumours has been demonstrated. This is the first trial to compare FMT with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) for the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumours. Seventy-five patients were examined with both FMT- and FDG-PET within a 2-week period. Imaging findings were visually inspected in conjunction with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, and standardized uptake values (SUVs) for both FMT and FDG in lesions were also generated and compared with histological findings. A significant correlation between FMT and FDG SUVs was found for all lesions (r=0.769, P<0.0001), and mean values for malignant tumours were significantly higher than those for benign lesions in both FMT- and FDG-PET. The diagnostic sensitivities and specificities for malignancy were 72.7% and 84.9%, respectively, using FMT with a cut-off SUV of 1.2, and 72.7% and 66.0%, respectively, using FDG with a cut-off SUV of 1.9. The resultant accuracy with FMT was 81.3%, higher than that for FDG (68.0%), and the difference with respect to specificity was significant (chi2cal=5.0625, P<0.05). On the other hand, while a significant correlation was found between malignant tumour grade and SUV with both FMT- (rho=0.656) and FDG-PET (rho=0.815), only the latter demonstrated significant differences among grades I, II and III. FMT and FDG for PET appear equally effective at detecting musculoskeletal tumours. In evaluating musculoskeletal tumours, FMT may be superior to FDG in the differentiation between benign and malignant tumours, while FDG may be the better choice for non-invasive malignancy grading.
Adolescent↗
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes in siblings with osteosarcoma.
Osteosarcoma was detected in two siblings. Their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotypes were completely identical, although they were different from those of osteosarcoma patients in previous reports. Despite an extensive search of family and past history, no significant background related to the induction of cancer could be found. These cases suggest that genetic similarity may influence the development of osteosarcoma. Ascertainment of the HLA phenotypes in siblings with osteosarcoma might be a useful strategy to facilitate the early diagnosis of this tumor.
Adolescent↗
Ultrasonographic assessment for response to radiochemotherapy of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in head and neck cancer: usefulness of grey-scale and color doppler sonography.
To predict the response of lymph node metastasis to preoperative radiochemotherapy sonographically, the correlation between ultrasonographs and histologic features was retrospectively examined in 43 metastatic cervical lymph nodes from 24 patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the oral and maxillofacial region. Ultrasonographs were compared among poor-, good-, and complete-response lymph nodes. Before radiochemotherapy, hypoechoic internal echo and intranodal blood perfusion demonstrated many complete-response nodes; in contrast, most poor-response nodes showed peripheral blood perfusion and an avascular pattern, but did not have specific internal echo intensity. Complete-response nodes showed a significant reduction in their maximum and minimum diameters after radiochemotherapy. These results indicate that ultrasonography is useful for predicting the response of cervical lymph node metastasis to radiochemotherapy.
Adult↗
c-Abl expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
c-Abl is proto-oncogene product. c-Abl has roles in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and inhibition of apoptosis. There are many reports about c-Abl function in hematopoietic cells, but few are concerned with solid tumors. In the present study, biopsy specimens from 44 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas were subjected to immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of c-Abl were correlated with clinicopathological features. Statistical analyses revealed that c-Abl expression was significantly associated with T-category (p = 0.011), sex (p = 0.014), and differentiation (p = 0.007), but no significant difference was observed with N-category, age, primary tumor region, or the other histological gradings. The low c-Abl expression group included more T4, male, and poorly differentiated cases. There was a trend towards longer tendency survival in the high expression group, but the difference was not significant. We conclude that c-Abl is a good candidate for a tumor-expansion marker.
Adult↗
Spontaneously regressed Kaposi's sarcoma and human herpesvirus 8 infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient.
Kaposi's sarcoma occurring in a 78-year-old woman, with the absence of the human immunodeficiency virus infection, was correctly diagnosed by immunohistochemistry using anti-human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) antibody (PA1-73N) for the first time. The patient suffered from chronic respiratory failure and was treated with a low dose of steroids for 2.5 years. After her medication dosage was increased for the exacerbation of the respiratory failure, multiple skin tumors in her feet and legs suddenly developed. Histopathologically, skin tumors were suspected as Kaposi's sarcoma at the first biopsy and reactive angiomatosis at the second biopsy. Polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, however, revealed the presence of HHV8 DNA fragment and positive staining in the majority of spindle cells in the skin tumors. Serological examination confirmed the positivity of anti-HHV8 antibodies. HHV8 infection and steroid-induced immunosuppression, as well as environmental factors played a role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma in this patient, because she was born in Okinawa, which is a well-known endemic area of Kaposi's sarcoma in Japan. As her general condition improved, the skin lesions regressed without any specific treatment, and disappeared completely 8 months later, in which regression may be associated with evidence of numerous CD8 cell infiltration in the second biopsy tissues. No recurrence was observed during the following 6 month follow up.
Aged↗
Pulmonary tuberculosis with unusual cystic change in an immunocompromised host.
We present a rare case of upper zone cystic change of the lung with disseminated tuberculosis of a non-smoking 30-year-old immunocompromised male. He suffered from repeated pneumothorax. The basic pathological feature of video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy revealed granulomatous involvement in the respiratory bronchioles with poorly developed epithelioid cells and disruption of elastic fibers. Electron microscopy demonstrated a decrease in elastic fibers and disruption of the epithelial basement membrane of the respiratory bronchiole and no Langerhans cells in the lesion. Autopsy of the lung revealed centroacinar distribution of multiple cystic lesions in the bilateral upper lobe. Almost all cystic walls showed loss of elastic fibers and cysts frequently involved the respiratory and terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts and, occasionally, alveoli. Some larger cystic lesions revealed communication to the bronchi. The cystic changes in this case of pulmonary tuberculosis may be caused by a check-valve mechanism due to granulomatous involvement of the bronchioles and also by excavation of caseous necrotic material by draining bronchi.
Adult↗