Biliary lipid composition and metastability of biliary cholesterol in patients with acalculous cholesterolosis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Yamasaki
Publications and source records attributed to T Yamasaki.
Direct interaction between an antigen-specific B cell clone and an MHC class II-reactive helper T cell clone.
TP67.14 established by somatic hybridization is a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (trinitrophenyl, TNP)-specific B cell clone with a receptor molecule for TNP on the cell membrane, and MS202 is an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent T helper (Th) cell clone reactive to auto-MHC class II antigens (IAk and IEk) as previously reported. In the present study it was shown that MS202 considerably induced the maturation of TP67.14 into anti-TNP plaque-forming cells (PFCs), and this response was markedly augmented by the addition of TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Recombinant cytokines and the culture supernatant of MS202 with TP67.14 did not affect the generation of anti-TNP antibodies by TP67.14. Also, neither anti-IL-4 nor anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited the maturation of TP67.14 mediated by MS202. The differentiative effect of MS202 on TP67.14 was completely lost when each cell was separately cultured using a semipermeable membrane. Monoclonal antibodies against LFA-1 beta molecules significantly blocked the development of anti-TNP PFCs induced by MS202, as well as anti-IAk and anti-IEk mAbs. Interestingly, the plasma membrane-enriched fraction (PM) derived from MS202 exhibited much more differentiative effects on TP67.14 treated with TNP-KLH than PM from other T cell lines and concanavalin A-induced T lymphoblasts. In addition, TNP-conjugated PM from MS202 by itself induced a great number of anti-TNP PFCs. The present findings indicate that MS202 is capable of inducing the maturation of TP67.14, which is considered to represent a population of B cells with antigen specificity in a late lineage of B cell maturation, through direct cell contact but not soluble factors. This suggests that B cells with antigen specificity, in the presence of antigen, can be induced to mature into antibody-secreting cells through direct contact with Th cells; in this process surface major histocompatibility complex class II and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) molecules are directly involved and the cell membrane derived from Th cells provides a transductional signal for maturation of B cells with antigen specificity in the presence of antigen.
Animals↗
Effects of nefiracetam, DM-9384 on amnesia and decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity induced by cycloheximide.
The effects of nefiracetam, [N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-(2-oxo-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide, DM-9384], a cyclic derivative of GABA, were investigated in the cycloheximide (CXM)-induced amnesia animal model using the passive avoidance task. Pre-training administration of DM-9384 attenuated the CXM-induced amnesia as indicated by prolongation of step-down latency. It protected against CXM-induced inhibition of choline acetyltransferase activity in the cerebral cortex. These results suggest that DM-9384 attenuates CXM-induced amnesia by interacting with AChergic neuronal system and enhancing protein synthesis in the brain.
Amnesia↗
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver with portal vein thrombosis and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland.
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver is an uncommon entity of unknown origin and pathogenesis. We report here a case of NRH of the liver which was associated with portal vein thrombosis and adrenal hyperplasia. A 48-year-old man who was admitted for further examination of portal hypertension and splenomegaly, died of acute myocardial infarction. Autopsy revealed an enlarged heart with occluded coronary arteries and fresh multiple necrosis in the myocardium. The spleen and the liver were enlarged. In the liver diffusely distributed nodules of regenerative hyperplasia were noted. Organized thrombi of the portal vein and adenomatous hyperplasia of the left adrenal gland were also noted. Antinuclear antibody was positive in the serum.
Adrenal Glands↗
Functional role of self IA molecules in polyclonal B cell activation using an autoreactive B cell clone derived from (NZB X NZW) F1 mice.
The mechanism of polyclonal B cell activation in autoimmune diseases was investigated by using an autoreactive B cell clone established by somatic hybridization with B cells derived from NZB X NZW (B/W) F1 mice. Briefly, splenic B cells from B/W F1 mice were fused with M12.4.1, a mutant of a B cell line, in the presence of polyethylene glycol and DMSO. NW47.7, a subclone of a resulting hybridoma, expresses B cell surface antigens on the cell membrane, namely IAd, IgM, B220, the receptors for the C3 fragment of complement (C3R), and the Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma R). It also possesses a receptor molecule for mouse red blood cells treated with bromelain (Br-MRBC) on its surface, by rosette-forming assay with Br-MRBC. In contrast, parental M12.4.1 does not express IAd and IgM on the cell membrane, and does not bind to Br-MRBC under the same conditions. Thus, it is likely that NW47.7 may be an autoreactive B cell clone specific for Br-MRBC. Interestingly, NW47.7 was induced to generate a significant number of IgM-secreting cells when treated with Br-MRBC and rIL-5. Furthermore, mAb against IAd molecules, but not IAk and KdDd, markedly inhibited the differentiative effect of polyclonal activators such as LPS and rIL-5. Also, when MHC identical irradiated B cells were added to the culture of NW47.7 as a stimulator, the induction of IgM-producing cells was greatly augmented, but this augmenting effect was lost by interfering with direct contact of NW47.7 cells with stimulator B cells using a semipermeable membrane, as well as by the addition of mAb against IAd molecules. In addition, irradiated NW47.7, but not M12.4.1, by itself could enhance the secretion of IgM by NW47.7 as a stimulator, but this enhancing effect markedly decreased in the presence of anti-IAd mAb. The present results suggest that surface IA molecules on B cells are involved during the differentiative response to polyclonal activators, and may directly provide a differentiative signal for maturation of B cells into IgM-secreting cells.
Animals↗
Human gallbladder bile becomes lithogenic during short-term intravenous hyperalimentation.
Biliary sludge formation is reported to be one of the complications of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH); however, the change in human biliary lithogenicity during IVH treatment has been little studied. To clarify the pathogenesis of IVH-induced biliary sludge, we determined biliary lipid composition, vesicular cholesterol concentration, and nucleation time using gallbladder bile samples collected from three groups: The IVH group comprised 9 patients who received IVH with fasting for a period of 2-8 days prior to surgery for gastrointestinal diseases. The control group comprised 10 patients operated after overnight fasting for gastrointestinal diseases. The cholesterol gallstone group comprised 14 patients surgically treated for cholesterol gallstone disease after overnight fasting. The nucleation time in the IVH group was significantly shorter (7.8 +/- 5.3 days, mean +/- SD) than that in the control group (17.3 +/- 5.5 days), while it did not reach the value in the cholesterol gallstone group (3.1 +/- 3.3 days). The cholesterol saturation index in the IVH group (1.01 +/- 0.27) was higher but not significantly different compared with the control group (0.80 +/- 0.21). The concentrations of biliary lipids and individual bile acid were similar in the IVH and control groups. The vesicular cholesterol concentration in the IVH group (3.0 +/- 2.1 mM) was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.9 +/- 1.0 mM). In conclusion, IVH with fasting causes a rapid cholesterol nucleation time and a higher vesicular cholesterol concentration, thereby inducing an initial stage of gallbladder sludge formation.
Aged↗
Primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma associated with different histological types of carcinoma: report of two cases.
Two rare cases with histologically proven multiple primary neoplasms are described: an association of intracerebral malignant lymphoma with hepatocellular carcinoma in one case and with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in the other. Therapeutic problems pertinent to the coexistence of primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma and neoplasms of a different histological type are discussed.
Aged↗
Glial cyst of the pineal gland with characteristic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathological findings: report of two cases.
Two cases of glial cyst of the pineal gland are documented. Preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed cystic lesions of the pineal region with contrast enhancement of the walls, suggesting neoplastic lesions rather than true cysts. However, the histopathological examination of the resected specimens revealed the presence of glial tissue and normal structure of pineal gland and capsule, characteristics that were consistent with those of glial cysts of the pineal gland. Headache and visual disturbance were resolved after total removal of the cysts.
Adolescent↗
Insulin and phorbol esters act through the same DNA element to inhibit phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene transcription.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
[A case of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia and penicillin-binding proteins of the clinical isolates].
We experienced a case of a 68-year-old female with beta-lactam antibiotics including penicillin G (PCG) resistant pneumococcal pneumonia, leading to death during the treatment with ceftizoxime (CZX). We reported the clinical course and the mechanism of resistance of isolated bacteria. The present case is the first in Japan. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus pneumoniae 88031 isolated from the present case was 1.56 micrograms/ml in PCG and 6.25 micrograms/ml in CZX, showing PCG resistance. The isolate was no beta-lactamase production and serotype 23. The drug susceptibility in 34 strains of S. pneumoniae which were isolated as causative organism of respiratory infection in our department in 1988 was studied. PCG high resistant strain (PCG MIC greater than 1.56 micrograms/ml) was only observed in the isolated strain in the present case and PCG low sensitive strains (PCG MIC = 0.1-1.0 micrograms/ml) were observed in 3 strains (8.8%). The CZX resistance was observed only in the present case. The detection of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) and binding affinity of beta-lactam antibiotics were studied using PCG sensitive strain, S. pneumoniae type I (preserved strain PCG MIC = 0.05 micrograms/ml, CZX MIC = 0.1 micrograms/ml, CMX MIC = 0.025 micrograms/ml) and PCG resistant strain, S. pneumoniae 88031. The result obtained showed that PBP1a, detected in sensitive strain type I, was not detected in resistant strain 88031 and PBP1b was increased. The binding of 14C-PCG of PCG resistant strain to PBP1b showed lower affinity for CZX and CMX than PCG sensitive strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Preparation and antitumor activity of 2''-O-, 3''-O- and 2'',3''-di-O-substituted derivatives of etoposide.
The 2''-O-, 3''-O- and 2'',3''-di-O-substituted derivatives (4a--p) of etoposide were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of 4'-O-benzyloxycarbonyletoposide (2) followed by deprotection. Controlled reaction (a limited amount of reagents and low temperature) was required for preparing the mono-O-substituted derivatives. In terms of ED125 values, doses which show 125% of T/C against P388 leukemia in mice, both the 2''-O-acetate (4a, ED125 = 0.18 mg/kg) and 3''-O-acetate (4b, 0.23 mg/kg) were nearly as active as etoposide (1, 0.19 mg/kg), while the 2'',3''-di-O-acetate (4c, 1.9 mg/kg) was somewhat less potent. In the replacement with other substituents, antitumor activity of the 2''-O-substituted derivatives was affected much more by the difference of the substituents as compared with that of the corresponding 3''-O-substituted derivatives. In the 2'',3''-di-O-substituted derivatives, the activity was decreased additively on the substituents.
Animals↗
Immunological studies on opportunistic infection and the development of adult T-cell leukemia.
Three patients with opportunistic infection preceding adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are presented: a 66-year-old woman with cryptococcosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a 46-year-old man with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a 55-year-old woman with cryptococcosis. Although, at the first examination, the first two had smoldering type ATL and the third case was an HTLV-I carrier, all three developed overt ATL 14-16 months after the onset of opportunistic infection. It is considered that there is immune suppression already present in HTLV-I carriers and in patients with smoldering ATL, and opportunistic infection is predictive of the development of ATL.
Aged↗
Selective IgM deficiency: functional assessment of peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.
The functional aspects of the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 6 patients with primary selective IgM deficiency (sIgMD) were analyzed to elucidate its pathogenesis. The surface IgM positive B cells were present at almost the same percentage as in controls, but the percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells was higher and that of CD8+ T cells was low. The patient B cells showed a significantly lower proliferative response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I (SAC) than control B cells and did not produce a significant amount of IgM when co-cultured with control T cells. Interestingly, mitomycin C (MMC)-treated patient T cells induced a greater amount of IgM production by control B cells. In addition, patient B cells treated with SAC and B cell differentiation factors (BCDF) failed to secrete IgM. These results suggest that the pathogenesis of sIgMD may be mainly due to an intrinsic defect in B cell maturation.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
A morphological and ultrastructural investigation of normal mouse brain tissue after intracerebral injection of tumor necrosis factor.
Morphological and ultrastructural changes in normal mouse brain tissue were investigated after intracerebral stereotactic injections of tumor necrosis factor (specific activity: 2.0 x 10(6) U/mg protein) into the right frontal lobe. The mice received either a single infusion or multiple tumor necrosis factor infusions in three different dose groups (10, 100, or 500 U). Compared with sham-treated control mice that received adjusted intracerebral injections of purified albumin, the tumor necrosis factor-treated mice in all dose groups did not show any specific in vivo behavioral abnormalities during the 2 months of study following the infusions. Histological studies revealed hemorrhage attributable to the mechanics of the intracerebral infusions, a thickening of the arachnoid membranes, a reactive gliosis, and neutrophilic and/or mononuclear cell infiltration along the infusion pathway. A local neutrophilic response was prominent 1 day after tumor necrosis factor injection. An immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the mononuclear cell infiltration consisted of lymphocytes and macrophages. Except for the transient neutrophilic infiltration, these histological alterations did not differ from those seen in the sham-treated control groups, and most nonspecific reactive changes disappeared within 8 weeks after the injections. Furthermore, an ultrastructural study showed no apparent pathological changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells in the tumor necrosis factor-injected mouse specimens. These results suggest that the tumor necrosis factor injections caused no specific toxicity and did not alter the parenchymal and stromal cells comprising normal mouse brain tissue.
Animals↗
Butyrolactols A and B, new antifungal antibiotics. Taxonomy, isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure and biological activity.
New antifungal antibiotics, butyrolactols A and B, have been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces rochei S785-16. They are novel type of molecules containing a common 2,3-dihydroxybutyrolactone nucleus substituted with a different long hydroxyalkyl side chain. Butyrolactol A showed good antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and moderately inhibited the growth of yeasts.
4-Butyrolactone↗
New antiviral antibiotics, cycloviracins B1 and B2. II. Structure determination.
The structures of novel antiviral antibiotics, cycloviracins B1 and B2 have been determined by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR correlation spectroscopy. The antibiotics are unique macrocyclic diesters consisting of two D-glucoses, three 2-O-methyl-D-glucoses and two (C24 and C26) hydroxy fatty acids.
Actinomycetales↗
Eurystatins A and B, new prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors. II. Physico-chemical properties and structure determination.
The structures of eurystatins A and B, new prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors, have been elucidated by chemical degradation and spectral studies. They have in common a unique 13-membered cyclic peptide core composed of L-leucine, L-ornithine and (S)-3-amino-2-oxobutyric acid, and differ from each other in the alpha,beta-unsaturated fatty acid attached to the alpha-amino moiety of the ornithine.
Flavobacterium↗
[A case of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with cytomegalovirus infection].
A 67-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of fever, dry cough, and exertional dyspnea. The findings of chest X-ray, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage were compatible with the diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Prednisolone was administered and she felt better for a while. However, she developed severe dyspnea, and marked diffuse infiltrative shadows were observed on chest X-ray after 3 months of steroid therapy. In spite of pulse therapy with methylprednisolone, she died of severe respiratory failure. Complement fixation test and IgG antibody enzyme immunoassay for cytomegalovirus were positive, but there was no change the titers between admission and death. IgM antibody was negative. The lung findings at autopsy compatible with usual interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage, moreover, cytomegalovirus infection was observed. We consider that recurrent cytomegalovirus pneumonia had been present due to secondary immunodeficiency caused by administration of steroid hormones.
Aged↗