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T Yajima

Publications and source records attributed to T Yajima.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Short-term effects of denopamine on anaerobic threshold and related parameters in patients with chronic heart failure: a double-blind crossover study.

BACKGROUND: The short-term effects of denopamine, an orally available beta-stimulant, on exercise capacity were studied in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nineteen patients entered the study. Three patients had ischemic heart disease, 13 had dilated cardiomyopathy, and three had valvular disease; 16 patients were in New York Heart Association class II, and three patients were in New York Heart Association class III. Symptom-limited exercise testing (ramp protocol) on a bicycle ergometer with gas exchange analysis was conducted 1 hour after oral administration of either 20 mg denopamine or placebo. Drug administration sequence was randomly assigned in a double-blind crossover method, with 1 week between drugs. Peak VO2 was 20.4 +/- 3.2 and 21.2 +/- 3.1 ml/min/kg, respectively, for those administered the placebo and the drug, and anaerobic threshold was 13.1 +/- 2.1 and 14.0 +/- 2.0 ml/min/kg. There was a significant increase in peak VO2 (p < 0.05) and anaerobic threshold (p < 0.01) with denopamine, whereas no significant change was observed in peak work rate or exercise time. Denopamine increased heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation but had little effect on heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm. CONCLUSION: Data obtained from gas exchange analysis are more sensitive and potentially more useful in the detection of short-term changes in exercise capacity than data obtained from either exercise time or peak work rate, indexes that are commonly used to assess drug therapy. Patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure with sinus rhythm, but not those with atrial fibrillation because of its frequent induction of tachycardia, may be good candidates for denopamine therapy.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1993

Fluorometric determination of L-tryptophan with methoxyacetaldehyde.

It was observed in our laboratory that methoxyacetaldehyde induced strong fluorescence with L-tryptophan in the presence of NaNO2 at pH 2.75. The reaction mixture was heated at 80 degrees C for 15 min and the fluorescence was measured at the excitation wavelength, 253 nm and the emission, 450 nm. Amino acids other than L-tryptophan did not produce fluorescence under the conditions employed. A good linear working curve was observed between 25 pmol/50 microliters and 500 pmol/50 microliters of L-tryptophan. The limit of determination for L-tryptophan was 10 pmol/50 microliters. The coefficient of variation of the measurements (n = 5) was 1.5% for 250 pmol/50 microliters of L-tryptophan. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analyses of tryptophan in a pooled human serum. Total tryptophan was determined after deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid, and free tryptophan was determined using the ultrafiltrate of a pooled human serum. Analytical recoveries of total and free tryptophan were 98.8% and 99.1%, respectively. The fluorescent products of L-tryptophan and methoxyacetaldehyde were characterized as beta-carboline and 1-methoxymethyl-beta-carboline by the use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and HPLC.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1993

Effects of transgalactosylated disaccharides on the human intestinal microflora and their metabolism.

The effects of transgalactosylated disaccharide (TD) intake on human fecal microflora and their metabolism were investigated in 12 Japanese males. TD is a mixture of sugars, galactosyl galactose, and galactosyl glucose, synthesized from lactose through the transgalactosylation reaction of Streptococcus thermophilus beta-galactosidase. Volunteers took 15 g of the test sugar daily for 6 days. The TD ingestion increased the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, but decreased the number of Bacteroidaceae and Candida spp. in the feces. The ratio of bifidobacteria to total bacteria increased from 0.28 to 0.51. TD decreased the fecal concentrations of propionic acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid. This sugar also lowered the fecal pH, and the concentrations of fecal ammonia, p-cresol, and indole. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the concentration of ammonia, and that of branched-chain fatty acids (isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid), p-cresol, and indole. All of these compounds are produced from amino acids through deamination by the intestinal bacteria. The depression of amino acid fermentation by intestinal bacteria may be involved in the reduction of fecal ammonia. These results suggest that a part of the transgalactosylated disaccharides passes into the colon, inducing changes in the colonic microflora composition, hastening carbohydrate fermentation, and depressing amino acid fermentation in the human gut.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Influence of galactooligosaccharides on the human fecal microflora.

The effects of galactooligosaccharides intake on fecal microflora and their metabolism were investigated in twelve healthy volunteers, in whom the numbers of indigenous bifidobacteria are comparatively low. The galactooligosaccharides ingestion increased the number of bifidobacteria, but remarkable changes of other organisms were not observed. This sugar also lowered fecal nitroreductase activity, the concentrations of indole and isovaleric acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Isolation of human retinal genes: recoverin cDNA and gene.

A human retina cDNA library enriched for retina-specific clones was prepared by subtraction with a non-retina population of cDNA in combination with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications. A highly retina-specific cDNA clone (1190 bp) was obtained through this library encoding a 200 amino acid protein with three calcium binding sites and 87% homology to the bovine photoreceptor protein, recoverin, which has been shown to mediate the recovery of the dark current after photoactivation, and 58% homology to the calcium-binding chick cone protein, visinin. Analysis of the gene indicated a 9-10 kb single-copy gene with at least three exons and two introns. The three exons contained the entire coding sequence, and all of the calcium-binding EF-hand regions were in putative exon 1. The recoverin gene was mapped to human chromosome 17 by hybridization to a panel of human-rodent hybrid DNAs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Anaerobic metabolism as an indicator of aerobic function during exercise in cardiac patients.

To determine whether patients with heart disease depend more than normal subjects on anaerobic metabolism to perform the same level of exercise, the anaerobic threshold, slope of the increase in carbon dioxide output with respect to oxygen uptake (delta VCO2/delta VO2) and the slope of the increase in oxygen uptake with respect to the increase in work rate (delta VO2/delta WR) both below and above the anaerobic threshold during exercise were evaluated. A total of 106 patients with chronic heart disease and 42 healthy subjects performed a symptom-limited incremental exercise test in a ramp pattern on a cycle ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly lower in the patients with heart disease than in the normal subjects. The anaerobic threshold, which was 20 +/- 4.6 ml/min per kg in normal subjects, decreased significantly with progressing severity of functional class: 16 +/- 2.4, 14.1 +/- 2.5 and 11.3 +/- 1.5 ml/min per kg, respectively, in patients in class I, class II and class III. The slope of delta VO2/delta WR, which represents the degree of aerobic metabolism, was also decreased both below and above the anaerobic threshold with increasing severity of heart disease. delta VCO2/delta VO2 below the anaerobic threshold was approximately 0.9 (p = NS between normal subjects and patients). However, delta VCO2/delta VO2 above the anaerobic threshold became steeper with increasing severity of heart disease: 1.37 +/- 0.17 in normal subjects versus 1.55 +/- 0.24, 1.67 +/- 0.3 and 1.8 +/- 0.35 respectively, in patients in functional class I, class II and class III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac output-O2 uptake relation during incremental exercise in patients with previous myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The cardiac output-O2 uptake (VO2) relation, which is thought to be linear and predictable in normal humans, has not been clarified in cardiac patients. We evaluated the relation between cardiac output and VO2 during the incremental exercise test in patients with previous myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (age, 58.1 +/- 8.0 years) with previous myocardial infarction performed a symptom-limited exercise test on a cycle ergometer. VO2 was calculated from the expired gas analysis, and cardiac output was measured by a computerized cadmium telluride detector every 10 seconds during exercise. The ratio of increase in VO2 to the increase in work rate (delta VO2/delta WR) below and above the anaerobic threshold (AT) was 11.1 +/- 3.6 and 11.1 +/- 2.9 ml/min/W, respectively, showing no significant difference. However, the ratio of increase in cardiac output to increase in work rate (delta CO/delta WR) below the AT was 50.1 +/- 26.6 ml/min/W and was significantly decreased to 11.8 +/- 25.3 ml/min/W above the AT (p = 0.0002). The decreased delta CO/delta WR above the AT primarily would be due to silent myocardial ischemia produced by exercise, as there was the presence of 201Tl redistribution in 15 of 16 patients in whom myocardial 201Tl scintigraphy with dipyridamole or exercise stress testing was evaluated. delta CO/delta VO2, which has been reported to be approximately 5.5 in normal subjects, was only 4.4 +/- 2.6 at work rates below the AT and was decreased to 1.1 +/- 2.3 at work rates above the AT. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between cardiac output and VO2 during exercise in patients with previous myocardial infarction differs profoundly from that reported in normal subjects. These findings must be considered when we noninvasively estimate the change in cardiac output during exercise by obtaining VO2 in patients with coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reliability of Doppler echocardiographic stroke volume measurement.

To evaluate the accuracy and utility of the echocardiographic Doppler method of determining the stroke volume, the stroke volume was measured in 64 instances in 15 patients and compared to the simultaneous thermodilution stroke volume determinations. Stroke volume, varied by atrial pacing at various heart rates, was calculated noninvasively by the product of the cross-sectional area of the aortic orifice determined by echocardiography and the flow velocity integral measured by continuous wave Doppler. While the cardiac output was increased moderately by atrial pacing, the stroke volume was decreased in relation to the increase in the heart rate. The stroke volume calculated by the echo-Doppler method exhibited a significant linear relationship to the stroke volume determined by thermodilution (r = 0.84) and to the cardiac output (r = 0.75, p less than 0.01). Inter-observer and intra-observer variability was 7 +/- 4% and 5 +/- 4%, respectively. The noninvasive echo-Doppler method of estimating the stroke volume is concluded to be accurate, specifically, to be comparable to the values obtained by thermodilution and with a low inter- and intra-observer variability.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ultrasound observations of tongue motor behavior.

In this investigation of motor skills of the tongue and age-related changes in motor behavior, upward and downward tongue movements with the teeth in centric occlusion and regulated by a metronome were recorded. The recordings were made by use of ultrasound diagnostic equipment with a 5 MHz electronic convex section scanning probe and a physiologic signal unit connected to a heart sound microphone in a group of young subjects and a group of older subjects. The results were as follows. (1) The system provided a useful method to evaluate motor skills of the tongue with sound signals showing clear images of the tongue surface and its movements. (2) The rhythm of tongue movements in older persons varied more than in younger persons. (3) The velocity in the upward and downward movements decreased and were statistically significant (p less than 0.01) in the older group. (4) The time lag between the sound signal and the start of touching the palate and floor of the mouth was longer (p less than 0.01) and the variations were greater in the older group. (5) The study showed age-related changes in motor behavior of the tongue.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Right ventricular infarction following acute inferior myocardial infarction confirmed by dual isotope single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of [99mTc] pyrophosphate and [201Tl] chloride].

A 56-year-old man, complaining of severe substernal chest pain, was admitted. In this patient, right ventricular infarction following by acute inferior myocardial infarction was suggested by serial enzymes, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and hemodynamic data, but it was not confirmed. A dual isotope SPECT with 99mTc-pyrophosphate and 201Tl-Cl was performed and color-coded tomograms were obtained. It showed a characteristic image of right ventricular infarction, especially in the short axis view right ventricular infarction looked like shape of a tongue which protruded from left ventricle. We concluded that though the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction is difficult, a dual isotope SPECT is a useful method because it shows a characteristic image.

Diphosphates↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiological factors affecting place of terminal care and of death in the elderly].

To clarify the factors associated with the location where terminal care and death occurs in the elderly, we conducted interviews of family members who had cared for elderly persons who died from cerebral infarction in Fukui City, Sabae City, and Oono City in 1985. Subjects selected had conscious levels that were clear or Level 1 on the Japan Coma Scale at the onset of disease and whose debilitation had exceeded six months. We evaluated the characteristics of three groups, Group 1 comprising 21 subjects who had died in a hospital after both institutional and home care, Group 2 being 30 people who had died at home after a similar course of treatment as Group 1, and Group 3 being 18 subjects who had died at home after non-institutional care. In Group 1, elderly spouses of the subjects performed a larger part of the care than in the other groups. Caregivers who were members of the same household as the subjects had higher rates of having jobs other than housekeeping and of receiving medical treatment for some disease in Group 1 than in the other groups. Subjects in Group 2 received relatively more care in their own households and obtained greater amount of medical service assistance. Subjects in Group 3 experienced the least amount of disturbance in daily living activities, the shortest period of debilitation, and had the most household members able to take care of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Entrapment of broken guidewire in the right coronary artery during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

The distal 2 cm end of guidewire was broken and retained in the right coronary artery (RCA), during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for 99% narrowing of the middle RCA in a 53-year-old male patient with effort angina. Because of the stable condition of the patient, elective A-C bypass surgery was performed successfully 2 weeks after this event. However, the broken end of guidewire was not found out in the opened RCA lumen. One and a half year postoperatively, the patient is doing well while the guidewire remains in the same position.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1991

[Management of pain after thoracotomy: experience of intercostal nerve block with alcohol during operation].

Post-thoracotomy wound pain in 11 patients who underwent thoracic operation was controlled by intercostal nerve block with alcohol and thoracic epidural anesthesia. The intercostal nerve block was performed just before the closure of the thoracotomy wound. Epidural anesthesia was employed from the 1st to 5th post operative day. This method alleviated post-thoracotomy pain and obviated postoperative pulmonary complication in all patients in early post operative periods. In late post operative periods after discharge, intercostal nerve block could maintain excellent analgesia in 9 of 11 patients, only 2 patients required analgesic drugs or re-block of the intercostal nerve. Thus, intercostal nerve block with alcohol is an effective and simple option to control recalcitrant post-thoracotomy wound pain in thoracic surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Predischarge early exercise therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction on the basis of anaerobic threshold (AT).

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an early predischarge exercise therapy, started 2 weeks following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), to working functional capacity. Seventeen AMI patients (10 males, 7 females, mean age 62 +/- 11 years) were examined in this study. Six, serious clinical symptoms and complications, were excluded, while the remaining 11 patients completed, the whole exercise therapy protocol (2 weeks). Patients performed exercise performed for 20-30 min twice daily at a target heart rate (90% level of heart rate at AT) on the basis of anaerobic threshold (AT) determined using treadmill ramp exercise with our protocol. Heart rates (HR) at rest, warming-up and AT point decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) after exercise therapy, although peak HR remained unchanged. O2 pulse at the AT point and endpoint, after exercise therapy, improved significantly (p less than 0.05), when compared to that before therapy. Moreover, AT and peak VO2 improved remarkably (p less than 0.05), as did exercise time to the AT point and endpoint after exercise therapy (p less than 0.05), when compared to that before therapy. These results indicate that the predischarge early exercise therapy begun 2 weeks after AMI will be effective and beneficial in improving working capacity with improvement of physical deconditioning. Additionally, it is necessary that patients with severe clinical symptoms and complications be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Cumulative incidence rate of divorces for birth cohort estimated by the life-table method].

The trend of divorces has been usually evaluated by the divorce rate. However, it is difficult to make detailed analyses of the trend of or relevant factors concerning divorces by the divorce rate, because the denominator of this index is not a population at risk of divorces. The application of the life-table method to calculation of cumulative incidence rate of divorces for a birth cohort based on vital statistics data was introduced and its problems were discussed. This method was able to give a precise incidence rate of divorces and made it possible to examine the relationship of marital durations, generation of cohorts or age at marriage to the incidence of divorces. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The cumulative incidence rate of divorces increased and the marital duration-specific incidence rate of divorces decreased with continuation of marriages. 2. The cumulative incidence rate of divorces was higher in younger birth cohorts than in older cohorts. 3. The cumulative incidence rate of divorces was the lowest in the cohort married when the husband was 23 to 32 years of age than in the cohorts with other ages at marriage in all the birth cohorts examined.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Rate of incidence of divorce in birth cohorts classified by age difference between married couples].

We examined the situation concerning divorce in Japan from the view-point of age difference between married couples using vital statistics from the year 1952 to 1985. Annual and cumulative divorce rates were introduced as rate of incidence of divorce. We studied these indices by age difference between couples in birth cohorts of husbands. Our conclusions were as follows: 1) The cumulative divorce rate was lower in early birth cohorts than in late birth cohorts. 2) The cumulative divorce rate for young adult couples (aged 20-30) was higher than that for middle-aged couples (aged more than 30) in every cohort. 3) The cumulative divorce rate was lowest when husbands were 1 to 4 years older than wives. This tendency was quite similar in different ages and cohorts. 4) The same conclusions were reached when the annual divorce rate was substituted for the cumulative divorce rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Fibrous components and lamellar structures in cementum].

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the lamellar structure and the fibrous components of cementum. Freeze-fracture specimens and ground sections of the human molar cementum were treated with acid- and/or alkaline-solutions, then examined by scanning electron microscopy. Both of the layers of Sharpey (extrinsic) fiber and matrix (intrinsic) fiber were distinguished in freeze-fracture specimens and ground sections, but no lamellar structures appeared. For the first time, the lamellae isolated with narrow grooves were clearly observed on the ground sections that were treated with 5% sodium hypochlorite for 60 min followed by 0.5-1.0 M hydrochloric acid for 30-60 sec. In addition to the two fiber-layer types, the mixed fiber layer containing both components of matrix and Sharpey's fibers was classified, and the lamellar arrangement of matrix fibers was also revealed. When the hypochlorite treatment time was prolonged for 120 min, the lamellar structures were evident. Our results show that those treatments may resolve the regions of physiological hypomineralization related to the incremental lines running parallel to the cemento dentinal junction and the lines of discontinuity of the fibrous components.

Dental Cementum↗