Feng Shui for healthcare design.
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Architecture↗
Biomedical subjects
T Y Lin
Publications and source records attributed to T Y Lin.
[Bacteremia in febrile children].
Bacteremia in children under 2 years of age is not uncommon. Several studies indicated that a small proportion of young children with fever who do not appear to be seriously ill may have bacteremia, and a small proportion of this subgroup may go on to develop serious illness such as meningitis. The rationale for this study was to assess both the incidence of bacteremia in febrile children in Taipei area and the predictive value of the white blood cell count and degree of body temperature for bacteremia. Three hundred febrile children (B. T. greater than or equal to 39 degrees C), without underlying disease or readily recognizable viral illness, who visited the emergency service of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, were enrolled. Blood cultures and complete blood counts were obtained. Clinically important pathogens were identified in 6 of 300 cases (2%). The incidence and pathogens of various age group were: (1) Neonate, 2/15 (13%), one each of Group D streptococcus & streptococcus viridans; (2) 1 month to 1 year old, 3/66 (5%), 2 Escherichia coli and 1 Salmonella Group D; (3) 1 to 2 years old, 0/49; (4) 2 to 5 years old, 0/72; (5) 5 to 10 years old, 0/67; (6) 10 to 15 years old, 1/26 (4%), Salmonella typhosa. Neither the white blood cell count, the absolute segmented or band neutrophil count, nor the degree of body temperature had predictive value for bacteremia.
Adolescent↗
Temperature Effects on Mitochondrial Respiration in Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray and Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Electron transport, using succinate as a substrate, was measured polarographically in mitochondria isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris and P. acutifolius plants at 25 degrees C and 32 degrees C. Mitochondria isolated from P. vulgaris plants grown at 32 degrees C had reduced electron transport and were substantially uncoupled. Growth at 32 degrees C had no effect on electron transport or oxidative phosphorylation in P. acutifolius compared to 25 degrees C grown plants. Mitochondria isolated from 25 degrees C grown P. vulgaris plants measured at 42 degrees C were completely uncoupled. Similarly treated P. acutifolius mitochondria remained coupled. The uncoupling of P. vulgaris was due to increased proton permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane. The alternative pathway was more sensitive to heat than the regular cytochrome pathway. At 42 degrees C, no alternative pathway activity was detected. The substantially greater heat tolerance of P. acutifollus compared to P. vulgaris mitochondrial electron transport suggests that mitochondrial sensitivity to elevated temperatures is a major limitation to growth of P. vulgaris at high temperatures and is an important characteristic conveying tolerance in P. acutifolius.
Journal Article↗
Gestational ethanol consumption on tissue amino acid levels: decreased free histidine and tryptophan in fetal tissues with concomitant increase in urinary histamine excretion.
The effects of ethanol consumption during pregnancy on maternal, placental, and fetal tissue amino acid levels and metabolism were investigated. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given 35% ethanol-calorie liquid diet, ad libitum, from gestation day 7 to 21. Control rats were pair-fed with isocaloric sucrose substituted for ethanol. Ethanol consumption decreased fetal body weight and increased placental weight. Twenty-four amino acids were determined in six tissues (maternal plasma and liver, placenta, fetal plasma, liver, and brain) by HPLC with orthophthalaldehyde derivatization. The effects of ethanol on free amino acid levels differed from tissue to tissue. In general, ethanol affected more amino acids in maternal plasma, fetal plasma, and liver. Maternal liver, placenta, and fetal brain amino acids were more resistant to ethanol effect. Two essential amino acids, histidine and tryptophan, were consistently decreased in fetal tissues by maternal ethanol consumption. The values (ethanol vs. control, nmole/ml or g, mean +/- SEM, N = 20) of fetal plasma, liver, and brain for histidine were 51.8 +/- 6.0 vs. 85.3 +/- 4.5 (p = 0.001), 269.0 +/- 26.4 vs. 503.7 +/- 47.3 (p = 0.0004), and 117.9 +/- 7.7 vs. 154.6 +/- 8.7 (p = 0.0055), respectively; and for tryptophan were 105.7 +/- 3.1 vs. 132.2 +/- 4.1 (p = 0.0001), 128.8 +/- 3.7 vs. 144.3 +/- 6.0 (p = 0.0407), and 83.4 +/- 7.2 vs. 103.6 +/- 3.2 (p = 0.0198), respectively. Histidine was also decreased in placenta by ethanol (138.1 +/- 6.6 vs. 189.1 +/- 11.8 nmole/g, p = 0.0014).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amino Acids↗
Production and purification of prostromelysin and procollagenase from IL-1 beta-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts.
Conditions were established to stimulate human gingival fibroblast explant cultures to synthesize milligram quantities of the metalloproteinase proenzymes, prostromelysin and procollagenase. To stimulate enzyme production, cells were treated with 1 nM recombinant human IL-1 beta for approximately 7 days under serum free conditions. Using a combination of rapid column chromatography steps, approximately 10 milligrams of prostromelysin and 5 milligrams of procollagenase were purified from 1 liter of conditioned media. Prostromelysin electrophoresed as a doublet with molecular weights of 55,57 kD, whereas, procollagenase migrated with slightly lower molecular weights of 52, 54 kD. Both proenzymes were treated with trypsin or aminophenylmercuric acetate to generate active species. The molecular weights of the active enzymes were approximately 10 kD smaller than the proenzymes. Active enzymes were inhibited by metal chelators and the natural metalloproteinase inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), but not by the serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Activated stromelysin degraded a number of substrates including transferrin, proteoglycan monomer, proteoglycan aggregated with hyaluronic acid, and substance P. By contrast, collagenase degraded interstitial type I collagen and the peptide thioester, Ac-Pro-Leu-Gly-SCH(iBu)Co-Leu-GlyOEt. Identity of both enzymes were confirmed by amino-terminal protein sequence analysis as well as by immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Urea dependence of thiol-disulfide equilibria in thioredoxin: confirmation of the linkage relationship and a sensitive assay for structure.
Thioredoxin contains a single disulfide bond that can be reduced without perturbing significantly the structure of the enzyme. Upon reduction of the disulfide, protein stability decreases. We have experimentally tested the expected linkage relationship between disulfide bond formation and protein stability for thioredoxin. In order to do this, it is necessary to measure the equilibrium constant for disulfide bond formation in both the folded and unfolded states of the protein. Using glutathione as a reference species, we have measured the equilibrium constant for forming the disulfide bond (effective concentration) in thioredoxin as a function of urea concentration. As a control, we show that urea per se does not interfere with our measurements of thiol-disulfide equilibrium constants. Comparison of the values obtained for disulfide bond formation in the folded and unfolded states with the free energies for unfolding oxidized and reduced thioredoxin using circular dichroism confirms the expected linkage relationship. The urea dependence of thiol-disulfide equilibria provides a sensitive assay for folded structure in peptides or proteins. The method should also be useful to evaluate the stabilizing or destabilizing effect of natural or genetically engineered disulfides in proteins. In future work, the effects of amino acid substitutions on disulfide bond formation could be evaluated individually in the native and unfolded states of a protein.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Neurasthenia revisited: its place in modern psychiatry.
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China↗
Synthesis of a high specific activity 125I-labeled analog of PK 11195, potential agent for SPECT imaging of the peripheral benzodiazepine binding site.
The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site ligand PK 11195 has been 125I-labeled by direct displacement of aromatic chlorine under solid-state conditions in 50-76% radiochemical yield and greater than 94% radiochemical purity. Purification by high pressure liquid chromatography increased the specific activity of the product from an initial 15-17 Ci/mmol to a final activity of 260-910 Ci/mmol. To determine the affinity of this [125I]PK 11195 analog for human glioma cells, saturation experiments were performed on monolayers of U251 human glioblastoma cells. Scatchard analysis of saturation data demonstrated that the [125I]PK 11195 analog binds to a single class of sites with a KD of 8.0 +/- 1.7 nM and maximal binding of 3.8 +/- 0.1 pmol/mg protein. These values are similar to those obtained when [3H]PK 11195 was assayed in U251 cells (KD = 14 +/- 3.4, Bmax = 4.1 +/- 1.3) suggesting that iodination does not appreciably alter the binding of PK 11195 to human glioma cells. In vivo autoradiographic studies of brain in C6 glioma bearing rats demonstrate selective binding of the radioligand to the tumor. These results suggest that this [125I]PK 11195 analog may be a useful radiotracer for the study of peripheral benzodiazepine binding sites.
Animals↗
Structure of human neutrophil elastase in complex with a peptide chloromethyl ketone inhibitor at 1.84-A resolution.
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) has been implicated as a major contributor to tissue destruction in various disease states, including emphysema. The structure of HNE, at neutral pH, in complex with methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala chloromethyl ketone (MSACK), has been solved and refined to an R factor of 16.4% at 1.84-A resolution. Results are consistent with the currently accepted mechanism of peptide chloromethyl ketone inhibition of serine proteases, in that MSACK cross-links the catalytic residues His-57 and Ser-195. The structure of the HNE-MSACK complex is compared with that of porcine pancreatic elastase in complex with L-647,957, a beta-lactam inhibitor of both elastases. The distribution of positively charged residues on HNE is highly asymmetric and may play a role in its specific association with the underlying negatively charged proteoglycan matrix of the neutrophil granules in which the enzyme is stored.
Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones↗
Effects of social change on mental disorders in Taiwan: observations based on a 15-year follow-up survey of general populations in three communities.
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Adolescent↗
The role of social relationships in the course of first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis.
The Markers and Predictors of Psychosis study at the University of British Columbia addresses the role of psychosocial factors, such as social relationships, in predicting the short-term course of first-episode schizophrenia. Before their first episode of illness, schizophrenic subjects had fewer and less satisfactory social relationships than subjects with affective psychosis and a matched, normal comparison group. Nonfamily social resources were positively associated with good prognosis for both psychotic groups. While involvement with family members also predicted good prognosis among subjects with affective psychosis, family involvement had a negative association with outcome among schizophrenic subjects.
Adolescent↗
Psychiatric symptoms in refugee families from South East Asia: therapeutic challenges.
South East Asian refugees refuse mental health services until behavior is quite extreme. This reflects their attitude to mental illness. Refugees suffer from depression and posttraumatic stress disorder especially when separated from their families and their ethnic group. Two case examples are given.
Acculturation↗
Plasma desorption mass spectrometric analysis of glycosylated ovomucoid third domain from Japanese quail.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Refining the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder.
Schizophreniform disorder, a potentially useful construct, is difficult to operationalize either for clinical or research purposes. According to DSM-III-R, schizophreniform disorder is descriptively identical to schizophrenia, differing only in duration of symptoms. This study suggests several features that, at initial examination, differentiate schizophreniform disorder from schizophrenia, such as higher DSM-III axis V ratings, lack of flattened affect, and better rapport with the examiner. The data suggest that when defined according to appropriate clinical criteria, schizophreniform disorder can be distinguished from either schizophrenia or affective disorder.
Adolescent↗
Ventricular and sulcal size at the onset of psychosis.
To determine whether abnormalities in brain morphology are present at the onset of illness, patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform and bipolar disorders, and major depression who were experiencing their first episodes of psychosis were compared with normal and medical control subjects. The schizophrenic patients had larger third ventricles but not larger lateral ventricles or cortical sulci than the normal subjects. The other psychotic patients did not differ from the normal group on these measures. A different pattern of results emerged when the medical patients were used for comparison, indicating that the choice of control group can influence the findings of computerized tomography studies.
Adolescent↗
Prognostic significance of histologic findings in resected small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Fifty-one patients with histologically proven small (less than 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma underwent hepatic resection. In ten cases (group A) the cancer cells were confined within the tumor capsule, in ten (group B) there was extracapsular extension of growth, in 23 (group C) there was also invasion of the portal vein from the main tumor or from satellite nodules, or both, and in eight cases (group D) the findings were the same as in group C but there was no tumor capsule. The mean follow-up period was 54 +/- 12 months, minimum 37 months. The estimated 7-year survival rates in groups A-D were, respectively 100, 47.5, 47.5 and 37.5%. The classification of gross tumor appearance as typical or atypical was fairly well correlated to the histologic pattern in groups A, C and D, but not in group B. Although safety margin at resection did not emerge as a prognostic factor, the group A patients with a good margin were free from tumour recurrence.
Aged↗
[The dexamethasone suppression test and TRH stimulation test in endogenous depressives, schizophrenics, and normal volunteers].
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Adult↗
The effect of YAG laser anterior capsulotomy on prostaglandin concentration in aqueous humor.
The YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser has been recommended for anterior capsulotomies. One major complication is elevated intraocular pressure. We report a study of the biochemical content of the aqueous humor after a YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. We analyzed 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and protein concentrations in the aqueous humor of human eyes. The average values of protein, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 in the control eyes were 81.3 +/- 14.0 mg/dL, 17 +/- 30 pg/mL, and 10 +/- 10 pg/mL, respectively. These values were elevated to 182.4 +/- 81.3 mg/dL, 401 +/- 55 pg/mL, and 576 +/- 148 pg/mL, respectively, after YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. The samples with a moderate level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (less than 300 pg/mL) had negligible changes of thromboxane. The elevation of thromboxane was obvious only when prostaglandin levels rose above 300 pg/mL.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗