Irritant contact dermatitis due to Indian God lotion.
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Administration, Topical↗
Biomedical subjects
T Y Lee
Publications and source records attributed to T Y Lee.
Thrombolysis for native arterial occlusions of the lower extremities: clinical outcome and cost.
INTRODUCTION: Intra-arterial thrombolysis is commonly used as the initial treatment of acute or subacute lower extremity ischemia. METHODS: To evaluate the efficacy and cost of thrombolysis, we retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive cases (87 patients) in which intra-arterial lysis (urokinase) was used as the initial treatment for native arterial lower extremity occlusive disease. The mean age of patients was 67 years, 57% of the patients were male, and preexisting peripheral vascular disease was present in 74%. Presenting symptoms were limb-threatening ischemia (53%) and claudication (47%). Acute symptoms (< 2 weeks' duration) were present in 48%. RESULTS: The 30-day morbidity rate was 31%, and four patients died. Complications were significant bleeding (23%), ischemic stroke (1%), and renal failure with (2%) and without (2%) dialysis. Concomitant angioplasty was performed in 63%. Complete or significant lysis as demonstrated with angiography was achieved in 75% of iliac, 58% of femoropopliteal, and 41% of crural vessels (P <.001). Within 30 days of lysis, 9% of patients underwent major amputation and 20% surgical revascularization (in 3 patients the extent of revascularization was lessened by the lytic therapy). Amputation-free survival was 83% and 75% at 6 months and 2 years, respectively. Relief of ischemia (defined as relief of claudication or limb salvage without major surgical intervention) was achieved in only 70% and 43% of patients at 30 days and 2 years, respectively (Kaplan-Meier analysis; mean follow-up, 31 months). Patients with aortoiliac disease had significantly better outcomes than those with infrainguinal disease (P =.03). Duration or type of presenting symptoms did not predict outcome. The cost of the initial hospitalization per patient for thrombolysis was $18,490. CONCLUSION: Thrombolysis can be as or more costly than surgery and is associated with a suboptimal outcome in a significant number of patients. These data lead us to caution against a uniform policy of initial thrombolysis for patients who present with lower extremity ischemia.
Aged↗
Functional CT imaging of angiogenesis in rabbit VX2 soft-tissue tumour.
Functional parameters such as blood flow (BF), microvessel permeability surface area product (PS), blood volume (BV) and mean transit time (MTT) are physiological markers related to the changes associated with angiogenesis. In the current study we present a functional CT technique for the simultaneous measurement of these four functional parameters and the display of each parameter as a functional image over an entire tissue slice. New Zealand White rabbits with implanted VX2 thigh tumours were scanned using CT with contrast media injection. The ex vivo method of radioactive microspheres was used to evaluate the accuracy of BF measurements with the functional CT technique. There was a significant linear correlation (R = 0.96) between regional CT and microsphere-measured BF values, with a slope not significantly different from unity (0.98 +/- 0.02, P < 0.0001). The precision of our CT technique was determined by the repeated scanning under steady-state conditions. The precision of CT-measured BF, PS. BV and MTT was 14%, 18%, 20% and 24%, respectively. In conclusion, BF can be measured accurately and BF, PS, BV and MTT reproducibly using our functional CT technique. Functional CT can be readily incorporated into existing imaging protocols to assess tumour angiogenesis.
Animals↗
The inclusion of capillary distribution in the adiabatic tissue homogeneity model of blood flow.
We have developed a non-invasive imaging tracer kinetic model for blood flow which takes into account the distribution of capillaries in tissue. Each individual capillary is assumed to follow the adiabatic tissue homogeneity model. The main strength of our new model is in its ability to quantify the functional distribution of capillaries by the standard deviation in the time taken by blood to pass through the tissue. We have applied our model to the human prostate and have tested two different types of distribution functions. Both distribution functions yielded very similar predictions for the various model parameters, and in particular for the standard deviation in transit time. Our motivation for developing this model is the fact that the capillary distribution in cancerous tissue is drastically different from in normal tissue. We believe that there is great potential for our model to be used as a prognostic tool in cancer treatment. For example, an accurate knowledge of the distribution in transit times might result in an accurate estimate of the degree of tumour hypoxia, which is crucial to the success of radiation therapy.
Capillaries↗
The effect of an infertility diagnosis on the distress, marital and sexual satisfaction between husbands and wives in Taiwan.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the effect of a gender-specific infertility diagnosis on the responses of couples in Taiwan. The purpose of this research was to compare the differences in distress, marital and sexual satisfaction in husbands and wives based on an infertility diagnosis. METHODS: Three structured questionnaires were used. RESULTS: Female members of couples in which both partners were infertile expressed less marital and sexual satisfaction than their husbands. No differences in marital and sexual satisfaction were found between wives and husbands with unexplained infertility. Only wives with a diagnosed female infertility expressed higher distress to infertility than their husbands. Although no differences in psychosocial responses were found among husbands, regardless of the diagnosis, wives with a diagnosed female infertility experienced higher distress in self-esteem and less satisfaction in acceptance by in-laws than wives experiencing a diagnosed male infertility. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the diagnosis of infertility is an important factor in assessing the differences in infertility distress and marital and sexual satisfaction between husbands and wives. Health professionals can explain the gender differences when counselling infertile couples and encourage them to share each other's feelings, which may help couples to cope with the communication problems they may experience.
Adult↗
Chest wall thickness measurements and the dosimetric implications for male workers in the south Korean uranium industry.
Using ultrasound techniques, the Human Monitoring Laboratory has measured chest wall thicknesses of a group of male workers at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. A site-specific biometric equation has been developed for these workers, who are somewhat smaller than other workers reported in the literature. Chest wall thickness is an important modifier on lung counting efficiency. These data have been put into the perspective of the ICRP recommended dose limits for occupationally exposed workers: 100 mSv in a 5-year period with a maximum of 50 mSv in any one year. For measured chest wall thicknesses of 1.9 cm to 4.1 cm and a 30 min counting time, the achievable MDAs for natural uranium in the KAERI lung counter vary from 6.6 mg to 13.2 mg. These values are close to, or even exceed, the predicted amounts of natural uranium that will remain in the lung (absorption type M and S) after an intake equal to the Annual Limit on Intake corresponding to a committed dose of 20 mSv. This paper shows that the KAERI lung counter probably cannot detect an intake of Type S natural uranium in a worker with a chest wall thickness equal to the average value (2.7 cm) under routine counting conditions.
Adult↗
Differential expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptors I and II and activation of Smad 3 in keloid fibroblasts.
Keloids represent a dysregulated response to cutaneous wounding that results in an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, especially collagen. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this pathologic collagen deposition still remain to be elucidated. A previous study by this group demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and -beta2 ligands were expressed at greater levels in keloid fibroblasts when compared with normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs), suggesting that TGF-beta may play a fibrosis-promoting role in keloid pathogenesis.To explore the biomolecular mechanisms of TGF-beta in keloid formation, the authors first compared the expression levels of the type I and type II TGF-beta receptors in keloid fibroblasts and NHDFs. Next, they investigated the phosphorylation of Smad 3, an intracellular TGF-beta signaling molecule, in keloid fibroblasts and NHDFs. Finally, they examined the regulation of TGF-beta receptor II by TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 ligands. Our findings demonstrated an increased expression of TGF-beta receptors (types I and II) and increased phosphorylation of Smad 3 in keloid fibroblasts relative to NHDFs. These data support a possible role of TGF-beta and its receptors as fibrosis-inducing growth factors in keloids. In addition, all three isoforms of recombinant human TGF-beta proteins could further stimulate the expression of TGF-beta receptor II in both keloids and NHDFs. Taken together, these results substantiate the hypothesis that the elevated levels of TGF-beta ligands and receptors present in keloids may support increased signaling and a potential role for TGF-beta in keloid pathogenesis.
Activin Receptors, Type I↗
Computer-aided prototype system for nose surgery.
Rhinoplasty, or surgery to reshape the nose, is one of the most common of all plastic-surgery procedures. Rhinoplasty can enhance a patient's appearance and self-confidence, may also correct a birth defect or injury, or help relieve some breathing problem. In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3-D) surgical simulation system, which can assist surgeons in planning rhinoplasty procedures. This system employs computer graphics and image-processing techniques for the simulation of a rhinoplasty. Although the presented algorithms themselves are not new, the proposed system exploits the new idea to apply 3-D morphing for rhinoplasty, and simulation results are useful for the physicians. According to patients' expectation of what they would like their noses to look like, our system simulates expected results. Our tools provide quantitative measurements of a nose structure. Using these quantitative results, surgeons can arrange appropriate preoperative plans for patients. Finally, experimental results and experiences are reported to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed system.
Computer Simulation↗
Sonographic features of small-bowel intussusception in pediatric patients.
OBJECTIVE: Small-bowel intussusception (SBI) for pediatric patients is unusual and difficult to diagnose preoperatively. This study sought to determine the sonographic findings of pediatric SBI. METHODS: The sonographic features and surgical findings of 13 pediatric patients (7 boys, 6 girls; age range 4 months-15 years; average age 4 years and 2 months) with SBI encountered in the authors' hospital over a 12-year period were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Most of the patients presented with nonspecific symptoms, including vomiting, abdominal pain, and/or irritable crying. Sonographic screening in the emergency department revealed a doughnut or crescent-in-doughnut sign, or a multiple-concentric-rings sign for 11 of the 13 patients, and the lesions appeared short. Eight lesions were found in the paraumbilical or left abdominal regions. Sonographic measurement of the size of the lesions from these 11 patients ranged from 2 cm to 3.7 cm (average 2.77 cm). Subsequent barium enemas were performed for these 11 patients, none of which revealed colon lesions. Surgery revealed ileoileal intussusceptions for eight cases, jejunoileal for three, and jejunojejunal for the remaining two. Bowel ischemia or necrosis and pathologic lead points were demonstrated for seven and six patients, respectively, although none were recognized preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Small-bowel intussusception is often over-looked due to nonspecific clinical presentations. Sonographic demonstration of a 2-3-cm sized, short, doughnut-like lesion, especially in the left abdomen or paraumbilical regions, should lead to strong suspicion of SBI.
Abdominal Pain↗
Injuries among children and youth in farm households: Regional Rural Injury Study-I.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this effort was to identify the incidence and consequences of both farming and non-farming related injuries and the potential risk factors for farming related injuries among children and youth, aged 0-19 years, who lived in farm households in a large region of the United States. METHODS: Data were collected from randomly selected farm households during 1990. Rates and rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for sociodemographic and exposure variables. Multivariate analyses were conducted, using a priori and backward stepwise logistic regression models. RESULTS: Within the population of 3,939 farm households and 13,144 persons, children and youth accounted for 33%. Injury rates for farming and non-farming sources, respectively, were 1,683 and 6,980 per 100,000 persons. Animals (40%) were the primary sources of the farming operation related injuries; sports/recreation sources (61%) were associated primarily with non-farming related injuries. Of the farming and non-farming operation related injury cases, 83% and 90%, respectively, required some type of health care; moreover, 17% and 24%, respectively, were restricted from regular activities for one month or more. Through multivariate analyses, important increased rate ratios were observed for operating a tractor, working with dairy cattle, and being male. Increased rate ratios for working with beef cattle, operating a harvester, and living on a farm where there were all terrain vehicles in use, and a decreased rate ratio for living on a farm where there were sheep, appeared suggestive. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the relevant rates, injury consequences, and potential risk factors identified, injuries to children and youth on farms represent a significant problem. Future analytic studies are essential to identify more specific risk factors that can serve as a basis for development of appropriate intervention efforts. Given the population at risk, and the opportunity for intervention in this unique occupational setting, many of these injuries may be readily amenable to prevention efforts.
Adolescent↗
Studies of the central neural pathways to the stomach and Zusanli (ST36).
The purpose of this morphological study was to investigate the relation between the meridian, meridian points and viscera using neuroanatomical tracers. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the stomach and Zusanli were observed following injection of CTB (cholera toxin B subunit) and pseudorabies viruses (PRV-Ba, Bartha strain and PRV-Ba-Gal, galactosidase insertion) into the stomach and Zusanli (ST36). After 4-5 days of survival following injection into twelve rats, they were perfused, and their spinal cords and brains were frozen sectioned (30 microm). These sections were stained by X-gal histochemical, CTB and PRV-Ba immunohistochemical staining methods, and examined with the light microscope. The results were as follows: Commonly labeled medulla oblongata regions were dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (DMV), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and area postrema (AP) following injection of CTB and PRV-Ba-Gal into stomach and Zusanli, respectively. In the spinal cord, commonly labeled neurons were found in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Densely labeled areas were found in lamina IV, V, VII (intermediolateral nucleus) and X of the spinal cord. In the brain, commonly labeled neurons were found in the Al noradrenalin cells/Cl adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, A5 cell group, central gray matter, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic nucleus, retrochiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis and amygdaloid nucleus. Thus central autonomic center project both to the stomach and Zusanli. These morphological results suggest that there is a commonality of CNS cell groups in brain controlling stomach (viscera) and Zusanli (limb).
Acupuncture Points↗
Adaptive vasodilatory response after octreotide treatment.
Despite the suppression of glucagon release, an adaptive response aimed at maintaining vasodilatation after octreotide treatment may exist in portal hypertension. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible interaction between endothelium and non-endothelium-derived vasodilators after 1-wk octreotide administration in cirrhotic rats. Rats were allocated to receive either vehicle or octreotide (30 or 100 microg/kg every 12 h subcutaneously). Hemodynamic values, plasma glucagon levels, endothelium-related vasodilatory activities, and aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression were determined after treatment. Octreotide administration decreased plasma glucagon and increased serum 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) and NOx levels without affecting the hemodynamic values. In cirrhotic rats receiving octreotide, there was a blunt response to either L-NAME or indomethacin administration alone, but this blunt pressor response disappeared after simultaneous administration of the two drugs. Additionally, an increased aortic eNOS expression was observed in cirrhotic rats receiving 1-wk octreotide. It is concluded that 1-wk octreotide treatment did not correct the hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic rats. The enhanced endothelium-related vasodilatory activity was noted after octreotide treatment that overcame the octreotide-induced hemodynamic effects in portal hypertension.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Perfusion mapping using computed tomography allows accurate prediction of cerebral infarction in experimental brain ischemia.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have developed a dynamic CT method to measure absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT). In this study we evaluated the ability of CT-derived functional maps to detect infarction in a rabbit model of focal cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Sequential dynamic CT studies were performed at 2 different slices in 5 control rabbits and another 8 after induction of focal cerebral ischemia. The size of critically ischemic tissue was correlated to size of infarction measured by postmortem 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In the control rabbits, short-term variability of the parameters was assessed by ANOVA analysis. RESULTS: In 7 of 8 animals of the ischemia group, cerebral infarction was visible on 2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, constituting 16.7+/-10.6% of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Good agreement of CBF functional maps with tissue specimens was found with respect to size and location of infarction. Best prediction of infarction was found for thresholds of CBF <10 mL/100 g per minute (mean size, 17.5+/-13.4%; r=0.95) and MTT >6 seconds (mean size, 15.6+/-13.5%; r=0.85), with regression slopes close to unity. CBV maps were less predictive of occurrence of infarction, especially in cases of small infarction. The short-term variability of CBF, CBV, and MTT in the control group was 10.9%, 15.2%, and 19.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Functional CT measurements of absolute CBF and MTT early after onset of ischemia allow prediction of the size and location of cerebral infarction with good accuracy.
Animals↗
The Chinese experience of male infertility.
The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of Chinese men who were diagnosed as infertile. Thirty men who had experienced infertility were interviewed in or near the clinic of a large general teaching hospital located in Taiwan. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Five categories were generated from the interview data: emotional response after hearing the diagnosis; seeking possible explanations for the diagnosis; using alternative treatments other than those of Western medicine; stressfrom the discovery of the infertility secret by family, relatives, and friends; and grief for discontinuation of the family heritage. Men in this study described infertility as a frustrating and stressful experience. Findings from this study can add to the knowledge base on infertility and contribute to recommendations for improving the ways that health professionals guide, counsel, and support men who are infertile.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Cystic malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the gastrocolic ligament.
A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the gastrocolic ligament is presented. It appeared as a huge, thin walled cystic tumour in the upper abdominal cavity on CT. Barium studies showed splaying of the stomach and transverse colon by the mass. 1 year after resection of the cystic tumour, recurrence occurred at the greater curvature of the stomach and in the liver, with a cystic appearance similar to the primary tumour. To our knowledge, the CT appearance of primary cystic MFH of the gastrocolic ligament has not been previously documented.
Abdominal Neoplasms↗
Cystic malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mesovarium.
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Adult↗
Effects of dexamethasone on emesis in cats sedated with xylazine hydrochloride.
OBJECTIVE: To determine antiemetic efficacy of prophylactic administration of dexamethasone and its influence on sedation in cats sedated with xylazine hydrochloride. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult cats (3 males and 3 females). PROCEDURE: The prophylactic antiemetic effect of 4 doses of dexamethasone (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg of body weight, IM) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.066 ml/kg, IM) administered 1 hour before administration of xylazine (0.66 mg/kg, IM) was evaluated. Cats initially were given saline treatment (day 0) and were given sequentially increasing doses of xylazine on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. After xylazine injection, all cats were observed for 30 minutes to allow assessment of frequency of emesis and time until onset of the first emetic episode. The influence of dexamethasone on xylazine-induced sedation in these cats also was evaluated. RESULTS: Prior treatment with 4 or 8 mg/kg of dexamethasone significantly reduced the frequency of emetic episodes and also significantly prolonged the time until onset of the first emetic episode after xylazine injection. Time until onset of the first emetic episode also was significantly prolonged for dexamethasone at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Time until onset of sedation after administration of xylazine was not altered by administration of dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dexamethasone (4 or 8 mg/kg, IM) significantly decreased the frequency of emetic episodes induced by xylazine without compromising sedative effects in cats. Dexamethasone may be used prophylactically as an antiemetic in cats treated with xylazine.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Inadvertent knotting of a thoracic epidural catheter.
We report a case of corrosive injury of upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts scheduled for feeding jejunostomy under thoracic epidural anesthesia. An epidural catheter was inserted at the T8-T9 intervertebral space and threaded 7 cm beyond the tip of the Tuohy needle in a rostral direction. Resistance was noticed during attempts to inject the local anesthetic. As resistance could not be relieved by changing the position of the patient, kinking of the epidural catheter was suspected. Following informing the patient of the associated risks, the catheter was retrieved successfully by gentle and steady pulling. A tight double-knot of catheter was found. No neurological sequelae to the procedure were noticed.
Adult↗