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Biomedical subjects

T Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to T Wilson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Esophageal acid contact time and heartburn in acute treatment with ranitidine and metoclopramide.

Ranitidine and metoclopramide were compared for their ability to reduce esophageal acid contact time and heartburn. Twelve patients with histories of heartburn received ranitidine 150 mg bid, metoclopramide 10 mg qid, and placebo (ranitidine-matched) bid in a randomized, open-label, crossover fashion. Esophageal pH was monitored with an antimony electrode and portable recording unit for 24 h under strictly controlled laboratory conditions. Ranitidine significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) reduced 24-h acid contact time from 11.6% to 6.4%. Reflux episode frequency was also significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) reduced from 82 to 45 episodes per day and from 12 to 2 episodes at night. In contrast, metoclopramide did not reduce 24-h acid contact time or daytime reflux episode frequency, although nighttime episode frequency was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) decreased. Only ranitidine significantly reduced heartburn frequency and severity. We conclude that acute treatment with ranitidine, but not metoclopramide, significantly reduces esophageal acid contact time, reflux episode frequency, and heartburn frequency and severity in patients with gastroesophageal reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of a uterine phospholipase inhibitor that loses activity after labor onset in women.

Gravidin, a protein that inhibits release of arachidonic acid from human decidual cells, was purified from amniotic fluid. The protein has a molecular weight of 58 to 60 kilodaltons, an isoelectric point of 8.4, and physical characteristics that are indistinguishable from those of inhibitor II previously described. Activity was determined in a dispersed decidual cell system that released arachidonic acid in response to either histamine or calcium ionophore and in a cell-free assay of phospholipase A2. Protein purified from incubates of chorion obtained after the onset of labor was significantly less active than that from chorion obtained before the onset of labor.

Chorion↗
PubMed1989

Phospholipases in the control of human parturition.

Prostaglandins play a key role in human labor in that prostaglandins can cause abortion or labor and prostaglandin antagonists can inhibit preterm labor. However, the factors determining prostaglandin synthesis and release in human pregnancy are uncertain. An increase in the synthesis of prostaglandins at the start of labor could result from either increased release of free arachidonic acid or removal of constraint on prostaglandin H synthase activity, or both. The points in the biosynthetic pathway of prostaglandins at which control could be exerted physiologically are examined, with emphasis on the phospholipases.

Annexins↗
PubMed1989

Participant perceptions of exercise programs for overweight women.

Eighteen women participated in a research project involving two phases: (a) an interview regarding weight history and exercise patterns, and (b) a series of exercise sessions followed by discussions of participants' reactions to them. The data were analyzed using inductive analysis techniques, and results of the analysis were discussed with participants for collaborative validation of the interpretation. Profiles of selected participants and themes that emerged are described. The participants varied in age and body size and had diverse backgrounds, interests, and abilities, but their shared experience of social disapproval based on body size was shown to affect their perceptions of exercise programs and their decisions about participation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Three-dimensional imaging in confocal systems.

We discuss the origin of the three-dimensional imaging characteristics of confocal optical systems. Several methods of information display are considered. The important practical question concerning the correct choice of limiting detector aperture is also considered.

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1989

Promoting the young child's development in the intensive care unit.

Young children are much more emotionally vulnerable to hospitalization than are adults. The admission of a child to an intensive care unit (ICU) is stress-producing and can affect the child's ability to develop at an optimal level. This article provides the ICU nurse with a working knowledge of normal growth and developmental patterns of infants and toddlers. Internal strengths of the child, external supports, and environmental manipulation that the nurse can use to promote the critically ill child's growth and development and support the child in coping with hospitalization are presented. Discussion centers on the child experiencing an acute crisis that requires long-term intensive monitoring, rather than on the chronically ill child.

Child Care↗
PubMed1988

Fos C-terminal mutations block down-regulation of c-fos transcription following serum stimulation.

Transient accumulation of c-fos RNA following serum stimulation requires both a conserved 5' regulatory element and sequences at the 3' end of the gene. Here we show that mutations at the C terminus of Fos protein, of the type found in a virally-transduced actively transforming Fos variant, prevent the rapid down-regulation of c-fos transcription that occurs following serum-induced activation. Fos mutants that prevent down-regulation are dominant, acting in trans to prevent down-regulation of a co-transfected c-fos gene. Co-transfection experiments suggest that this effect is mediated by multiple sequence elements in the 5'-flanking region. Analysis of different Fos mutants showed that replacement of Fos sequences C-terminal to amino acid 337 with heterologous polypeptide, rather than simple truncation of the protein, is required to produce mutants defective in down-regulation. The results are discussed with reference to transformation by Fos.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Removal of poly(A) and consequent degradation of c-fos mRNA facilitated by 3' AU-rich sequences.

The c-fos proto-oncogene provides a good system to study the processes underlying messenger RNA degradation. After growth factor stimulation of susceptible cells, the c-fos transcription rate transiently increases from a low basal level by as much as 50-fold, producing a large amount of exceedingly unstable c-fos mRNA that is rapidly degraded. Here, we investigate the c-fos mRNA degradation process, and find that: (1) ongoing translation of the c-fos mRNA itself is required for its degradation; (2) after synthesis, the mRNA poly(A) tail is rapidly removed, in a translation-dependent manner, leading to accumulation of apparently deadenylated RNA; (3) deletion or replacement of an AU-rich sequence at the mRNA 3' end significantly stabilizes the mRNA; (4) deletion of the 3' AU-rich sequences dramatically slows the poly(A) shortening rate. These results suggest that the 3' AU-rich sequences act to destabilize the mRNA by directing rapid removal of the mRNA poly(A) tract.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Oxytocin stimulates the release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin F2 alpha from human decidual cells.

Oxytocin at a physiological concentration stimulated the immediate release of free arachidonic acid from dispersed human decidual cells in a perfusion system. This indicates that oxytocin activates phospholipase(s) thus enhancing prostaglandin synthesis. The effect of oxytocin on the release of [3H]-arachidonic acid from decidual cells of women in labor was significantly greater (1036 +/- 207, mean dpm +/- SEM, n = 23) than from those of women not-in-labor (505 +/- 121 dpm, n = 12) or with endometrial cells of non-pregnant women (711 +/- 210 dpm, n = 18), and correlates well with reported oxytocin receptor concentrations in these tissues. These new findings are consistent with a role for endogenous oxytocin in stimulating prostaglandin synthesis at the onset of parturition.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1988

The timing of evening meal and ranitidine administration--effects on patterns of 24 hour intragastric acidity.

Intragastric pH-metry was utilized to assess the effect of the time of meal ingestion and ranitidine administration on 24-h intragastric acidity. Twelve volunteers with a documented history of duodenal ulcer were studied in a four-way crossover design. Subjects randomly received ranitidine at 18.00 and 22.00 hours, with and without food. Serial blood samples were collected and analysed for ranitidine by high pressure liquid chromatography. Over the interval of 18.00-0.700 hours, the mean hydrogen-ion activity was significantly lower with the 18.00 hour dose than with the 22.00 hour dose (P less than or equal to 0.05). There were no differences between the four treatments in median pH or mean hydrogen-ion activity over the 23-h study interval. There were no differences between treatments in peak ranitidine concentrations, time to peak concentration, area under the serum-concentration time curve or elimination half-life.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical performance of Hickman and Portacath atrial catheters.

A recent advance in semipermanent vascular access has been the development of the totally implanted Portacath atrial catheter. The outcome of 100 sequential insertions of atrial catheters, 61 of which were Hickman catheters and 39 Portacaths, has been retrospectively reviewed in order to determine differences in clinical performance between these two types. The majority (90%) of the patients were from haematology or oncology wards. The incidence of complications was 66% for Hickman catheters and 46% for Portacaths. Local sepsis developed in 34% of the Hickman catheters and line-related septicaemia in 21%. The frequency of local sepsis and septicaemia following Portacath insertion was 31% and 3% respectively. Complications necessitated the removal of 33% of the Hickman catheters and 15% of Portacaths. The mean duration of insertion was 10 weeks for Hickman catheters and 24 weeks for Portacaths. It is concluded that the Portacath is less frequently complicated by sepsis and offers significant advantages for those patients in whom it is used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis associated with induction chemotherapy.

We report three new cases of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis associated with induction chemotherapy which resolves two major points. First, because two of our patients had testicular carcinoma; this firmly establishes that NEH is not exclusively seen in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or Hodgkin's lymphoma as previously reported. Second, because two of our patients did not receive cytarabine which has previously been suspected of being the causative agent, it is apparent that this disorder may be produced by more than one chemotherapeutic agent or combination of agents. The histologic features with a discussion of the spectrum of changes which may be seen are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Surgical management of large angle congenital esotropia.

Ninety-seven patients with congenital esotropia with deviations of 50 prism dioptres or greater underwent large (6 and 7 mm) bimedial rectus recessions. The overall success rate with one operation was 83.5%. Judgment of final alignment was made at the last follow-up examination, six to 61 months (average 23.4 months) postoperatively. Large bimedial rectus recessions for congenital esotropia are an effective surgical treatment which does not significantly alter adduction.

Child, Preschool↗