Biomedical subjects
T Williams
Publications and source records attributed to T Williams.
Application of Kraichnan's decimated-amplitude scheme to the Betchov model of turbulence.
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Enhanced susceptibility of trypsinized HeLa cells to Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
An improved cell culture method for the recovery of Chlamydia trachomatis from clinical samples was evaluated. Freshly trypsinized HeLa 229 cells were infected in suspension culture and compared to a standard monolayer culture method. Among 1085 specimens evaluated, 84 were positive by both methods, 978 were negative by both methods, 2 were positive by the monolayer method only, and 21 were positive by the suspension method only. Inclusion counts were two-fold higher in the suspension culture method than in the monolayer method (p less than .001). It is concluded that freshly trypsinized HeLa 229 cells infected in suspension culture are more susceptible to infection with Chlamydia trachomatis than standard monolayer cells.
Shoulder dystocia: a fetal-physician risk.
Trauma that occurs as a result of shoulder dystocia is an important cause of neonatal morbidity. If the occurrence of severe shoulder dystocia, resulting in fetal asphyxia and trauma, could be accurately predicted from maternal risk factors, then a cesarean section would be indicated to prevent the poor outcome. The information available in the obstetric literature, however, is contradictory regarding whether shoulder dystocia can be predicted. In the present study, the patients at greatest risk of shoulder dystocia (all 394 mothers delivering neonates with birth weights greater than or equal to 4000 gm over a 2-year period) were examined. A three-way discriminant analysis was used to determine if a model could be developed that could effectively predict those patients who would be included in each of the groups of no shoulder dystocia, shoulder dystocia without trauma (29 patients), and shoulder dystocia with trauma (20 patients). Three factors, including birth weight, prolonged deceleration phase, and length of second stage labor, were found individually to contribute significantly to the classification. However, when examined in detail, it was noted that while 94% of cases with no shoulder dystocia would be detected, only 16% of the cases of shoulder dystocia with trauma would be predicted by this model. We conclude that in the group of pregnancies delivering neonates greater than or equal to 4000 gm, the occurrence of shoulder dystocia cannot be predicted from clinical characteristics or labor abnormalities, and that the occurrence of shoulder dystocia is not evidence of medical malpractice.
Early onset neonatal sepsis due to Neisseria meningitidis W135.
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A 54-year-old woman with cough and dyspnea.
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Neonatal manifestations of maternal phencyclidine exposure.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of maternal phencyclidine use on the fetus. Ninety-four neonates with maternal phencyclidine exposure were compared with 94 controls. Maternal phencyclidine use was assessed by questionnaire and repeated urine testing. Mothers of study and control patients were matched for demographic characteristics. Infants were assessed between 24-72 hours postnatally by a single examiner blind to the maternal history. The results showed that study infants had a mean of 5.02 +/- 2.93 abnormalities while controls had a mean of 4.13 +/- 2.65 abnormalities (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, study infants were more likely than controls to have poor attention, hypertonia, and depressed neonatal reflexes (p less than 0.05). The contribution of seven drug classes to the total number of abnormalities was assessed using stepwise multiple regression. Only phencyclidine accounted for a significant proportion of the variance (f = 4.38; p less than 0.05). The results of this study suggest that maternal phencyclidine use may lead to abnormal neonatal neurologic findings and behavior.
Radial artery puncture and the Allen test.
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Antibody formation following administration of antilymphocyte serum.
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Initial clinical studies of piritrexim.
Piritrexim (PTX) is a second-generation, lipid-soluble inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Metabolic inhibition occurs within seconds after rapid diffusion into human cancer cells. We describe the initial phase I studies with iv and oral forms of this drug given on a daily basis for 5 days to patients with cancer. The dose-limiting toxicity is primarily hematologic (leukopenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia), but phlebitis is also encountered with iv administration and gastrointestinal problems (nausea, vomiting) with oral administration. Oral toxicity can be reduced by giving the daily dose in 2 divided doses. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the iv route is 170 mg/m2 per day for 5 days; for the oral route it is 480 mg/m2 per day for 5 days. Unlike an earlier lipid-soluble folate antagonist, piritrexim did not cause neurologic or histamine-like disorders.
Here's what you should know about the Michigan Peer Review Organization.
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Randomized trial of allopurinol in the prevention of calcium oxalate calculi.
In a double-blind study, we examined the efficacy of allopurinol in the prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate calculi of the kidney. Sixty patients with hyperuricosuria and normocalciuria who had a history of calculi were randomly assigned to receive either allopurinol (100 mg three times daily) or a placebo. After the study, the placebo group had 63.4 percent fewer calculi (P less than 0.001), whereas the allopurinol group had 81.2 percent fewer calculi (P less than 0.001). During the study period, the mean rate of calculous events was 0.26 per patient per year in the placebo group and 0.12 in the allopurinol group. When the treatment groups were compared by actuarial analysis, the allopurinol group was found to have a significantly longer time before recurrence of calculi (P less than 0.02). We conclude that allopurinol is effective in the prevention of calcium oxalate stones in patients with hyperuricosuria. The large reduction in the frequency of calculi in the placebo group underscores the positive treatment bias that regularly occurs in trials of prophylaxis against renal calculi when historical controls are used.
A perinatal study of toluene in CD-1 mice.
Toluene administered by inhalation at 400 ppm to CD-1 mice from Days 6 to 16 of gestation was teratogenic but not fetotoxic resulting in a significant shift in the fetal rib profile. At the lower concentration of 200 ppm, there was an increase in dilated renal pelves which might reflect desynchronization of maturation with respect to development and growth. No other effects were noted at the 200-ppm concentration. At 400 ppm, toluene also produced an increased body weight in the neonates on Day 1 postpartum following in utero exposure. Activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in the brains of dams exposed to 400 ppm during gestation while nonpregnant adult mice studied concurrently had significant increased activities of LDH in the liver and kidneys of the 400-ppm group. The only change in the isozyme profiles was in the kidneys of the nonpregnant adult mice in which a slight decrease in LDH-2 was observed. No other changes were noted in the dams or pups.
Immunofixation electrophoresis for identification of IgM paraprotein light chain components.
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Response of cerebral blood flow to changes in carbon dioxide tension during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
Changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to changes in PaCO2 were measured by intraaortic injection of 133Xe in 12 patients during hypothermic (23-30 degrees C) cardiopulmonary bypass. In each patient, CBF was determined at two randomly ordered levels of PaCO2 obtained by varying the rate of gas inflow into the pump oxygenator (Group I, n = 6) or by varying the percentage of CO2 added to the gas inflow (Group II, n = 6). Nasopharyngeal temperature, mean arterial pressure, pump-oxygenator flow, and hematocrit were maintained within a narrow range. In group I, a PaCO2 (uncorrected for body temperature) of 36 +/- 4 mmHg (mean +/- SD) was associated with a CBF of 13 +/- 5 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1, while a PaCO2 of 42 +/- 4 mmHg was associated with a CBF of 19 +/- 10 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1. In group II, a PaCO2 of 47 +/- 3 mmHg was associated with a CBF of 20 +/- 8 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1, and a PaCO2 of 53 +/- 3 mmHg was associated with a CBF of 26 +/- 9 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1. Within group I, the difference in CBF was significant (P less than 0.05); within group II, the difference in CBF was significant at the P less than 0.002 level. All CBF measurements were lower than those reported for normothermic, unanesthetized subjects of similar age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance on the NBME Part II examination and career choice.
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Smokeless tobacco use among rural high school students in Arkansas.
This study determined the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among high school students in selected rural communities in Arkansas, and identified factors associated with initiation and maintenance of use. A questionnaire was distributed to 1,237 students in 13 rural high schools in different educational service regions of Arkansas during spring 1985. Results indicated 34.5% of males and 2.5% of females reported regular use of smokeless tobacco. The factor contributing most to initiation of this practice was the influence of a parent who used smokeless tobacco products. Comparisons to other recent studies and implications for health educators are discussed.
Patterns of smokeless tobacco use in a population of high school students.
We assessed the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by 901 high school students in two Arkansas communities, and identified factors associated with initiation and maintenance. Results showed that 36.7 per cent of males and 2.2 per cent of females currently used smokeless tobacco. Modal responses indicated that if smokeless tobacco was used at all, it was used with frequency on an almost daily basis. Health professionals need to monitor this phenomenon closely and take appropriate preventive actions.