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Biomedical subjects

T Wada

Publications and source records attributed to T Wada.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

In vivo measurement of spatial dose distribution with thermoluminescent sheet around high dose-rate intracavitary source: application to rectal cancer.

For intracavitary high dose-rate radiation therapy, a thermoluminescent [TL] sheet for in vivo measurement of spatial dose distribution around source has been recently developed. The TL sheet was found to have a linear response with a very wide dynamic range from at least 0.002 cGy to 5000 cGy for 60Co gamma-rays. This TL sheet (40 cm x 50 cm x 200 microns), which is composed of Teflon mixed with BaSO4:Eu doped powder, is very flexible and can be cut to the desired size. In addition, this sheet is easy to handle because of its insensitivity to room light. The spatial dose distribution is displayed in a color mode by using a newly developed TL sheet readout system. For a clinical application, the TL sheet was wrapped on an applicator for intracavitary radiation therapy of a rectal cancer and was inserted into the rectum. The location of the TL sheet could be confirmed with diagnostic X ray film. After irradiation with high dose-rate 60Co source, the in vivo relative dose distribution on the surface of the rectum was determined. This TL sheet provided a convenient means of measuring the relative dose distributions around 60Co sources of various patterns in intracavitary radiation therapy.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1992

Direct purification of multiple ATF/E4TF3 polypeptides from HeLa cell crude nuclear extracts using DNA affinity latex particles.

We developed a method using affinity latex particles to rapidly and efficiently purify DNA-binding proteins directly from crude cell extracts. The particles are composed of a styrene core and a polyglycidyl methacrylate surface, to which DNA oligomers were immobilized by means of epoxy groups. Multiple polypeptides were copurified, which bound to the ATF/E4TF3-binding site from crude nuclear extracts of HeLa cells, within a few hours. Affinity-purified polypeptides stimulated transcription in vitro from a promoter in which ATF/E4TF3-binding sites were present. At least eight polypeptides with molecular masses of 116, 80, 65, 60, 55, 47, 45, and 43 kDa were copurified. About 2 micrograms of the 43-kDa protein was purified directly from 8 mg of crude nuclear extracts. All the polypeptides directly bound to the same DNA sequence and were thought to form a family. The results indicated that the particles are useful for quickly purifying various DNA-binding proteins directly from crude cell extracts.

Activating Transcription Factors↗
PubMed1992

Up-regulated MHC-class II expression and gamma-IFN and soluble IL-2R in lupus nephritis.

Expression of MHC-class II molecules (HLA-DR and -DQ), serum gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels were studied in 35 Japanese patients with lupus nephritis (LN) to clarify intraglomerular cellular activation and cytokine involvement in human LN. In 11 normal kidney specimens, HLA-DR(Ia1) was noted in glomerular tufts, but HLA-DQ was either not or was faintly detected in glomeruli by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. HLA-DR and -DQ were observed mainly on the surface of glomerular endothelial cells in 100% and 50% of 28 lupus kidney specimens except for necrotic or sclerotic lesions. HLA-DQ was expressed in a high incidence of 67%, 86% in patients with proliferative LN (WHO Class III-IV) and active lesions, respectively. Serum gamma-IFN and sIL-2R levels were 1.2 +/- 0.2 U/ml and 190 +/- 24 U/ml (mean +/- SEM; N = 30) in normal controls, and elevated in patients with proliferative LN (4.1 +/- 1.0 U/ml, 383 +/- 81 U/ml, N = 25), especially with active lesions (6.2 +/- 1.5 U/ml, 500 +/- 110 U/ml, N = 14). Overall, glomerular lesions such as HLA-DQ expression, the activity index and leukocyte infiltration correlated positively with serum gamma-IFN levels (r = 0.55; P less than 0.01 for HLA-DQ, r = 0.68; P less than 0.001 for activity index, r = 0.38; P less than 0.05 for leukocyte infiltration), but not with serum sIL-2R levels, anti-DNA antibody titers and CH50 titers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effect of crossed olivo-cochlear bundle stimulation on acoustic trauma.

To investigate whether the crossed olivo-cochlear bundle (COCB) functions in a protective manner, albino guinea pigs were exposed to sounds of varying intensity (110-130 dB SPL, 3-30 min) with or without electric stimulation of COCB, and the threshold shifts of the compound action potential (CAP) were examined. A statistically significant protective effect was observed in animals exposed to stimuli of intermediate intensity which induce threshold shifts of 50 to 55 dB on average. No protective effect was observed in the groups exposed to greater or milder stimuli. These results are discussed in the light of the available literature.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Cooperative transcription activation between Ad1, a CRE-like element, and other elements in the CYP11B gene promoter.

We previously reported the presence of six different cis-acting elements (Ad1 to Ad6) in the promoter region of the bovine CYP11B gene. Although the Ad1 site (TGACGTGA) was similar to a palindromic CRE (TGACGTCA), two other upstream sequences, Ad3 and Ad4, were identified as the cAMP response sequences of the gene. We analyzed the functional relationship between the Ad1 site and the upstream elements. Mutation analyses of the Ad1 site indicated that the 5' half of the site (TGACG) was important for the transcription of the gene in vitro. In Y-1 cells, a plasmid with a mutated Ad1 showed no response to cAMP. The effect of the mutation at the Ad1 site on the cAMP response was almost the same as that of the deletion of Ad3 and Ad4, although the role of each element seemed to be different. These results indicated that both the Ad1 site and the upstream elements, Ad3 and Ad4, were necessary for the full response to cAMP of the CYP11B gene. When the Ad1 site in the promoter region was replaced with a palindromic CRE, elevated transcription activity was detected both in vitro and in vivo. Two kinds of CREBs (43 and 47 kDa) purified from a HeLa cell nuclear extract bound to the Ad1 site. The binding of the palindromic CRE to the nuclear factor(s) was stronger than that of Ad1.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A ferrofluidic actuator for an implantable artificial heart.

The feasibility of using a ferrofluidic actuator for an artificial heart was studied. A ferrofluidic actuator directly drives magnetic fluids simply by applying a magnetic field to the ferrofluids and does not require a bearing. Magnetic fluid in a U-shaped glass cylinder was placed in an air gap of a solenoid. When a magnetic flux of 0.32 T was applied to the interface of the ferrofluid and air, the ferrofluid was displaced and a pressure of 7.58 kPa (57 mm Hg) was obtained. An array of three poles of solenoids was mounted near the U-shaped glass cylinder. The solenoids were sequentially activated and deactivated. A pressure of 9.98 kPa (75 mm Hg)/-1.33 kPa (-10 mm Hg) was obtained. Calculations indicate that a magnetic flux of 0.49 T is enough to obtain a pressure of 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). A ferrofluidic actuator is promising for use with an implantable artificial heart.

Electric Power Supplies↗
PubMed1992

Neurogenic bladder due to peripheral neuropathy and a visual disturbance in an elderly man with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A 63 year old man with central nervous system lupus with a neurogenic bladder and visual disturbance is described. The diagnosis of neurogenic bladder, attributed to peripheral neuropathy, was made on the basis of cystometrography and clinical symptoms. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed gliosis along the cerebral vessels and the optic nerve. This case shows that systemic lupus erythematosus can be accompanied by a peripheral neurogenic bladder and visual disturbance, and that these symptoms may not improve despite the amelioration of other lupus symptoms on treatment with steroids.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1992

Comparative study on the behavioral and EEG changes induced by diazepam, buspirone and a novel anxioselective anxiolytic, DN-2327, in the cat.

Behavioral and EEG effects of 2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1,4)-dioxa-8-(azas piro-[4.5]dec-8- yl)carbonylmethyl]isoindolin-1-one (DN-2327; 1, 5 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) were compared to those of diazepam (0.2 and 1 mg/kg p.o.) and buspirone (1 and 5 mg/kg p.o.) in freely moving cats. DN-2327 did not affect motor coordination or the relative percentages of the three sleep-wakefulness stages. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) increased wakefulness and non-REM sleep, and buspirone (5 mg/kg) also increased wakefulness and decreased REM sleep. In addition, diazepam (1 mg/kg) caused severe motor disturbance, but buspirone did not. The cortical EEG power density spectra during wakefulness were changed almost dose-dependently by DN-2327 (decreased: 2-7.75 Hz; increased: 20-49.75 Hz), and dose-dependently by diazepam (decreased: 2-7.75 Hz; increased 13-49.75 Hz) and buspirone (decreased: 4-9.75 and 13-19.75 Hz). The effect of DN-2327 on the cortical EEG varied with the sleep-wakefulness stage. The power of the 4- to 7.75-Hz frequency (theta) band of the hippocampal EEG during wakefulness was decreased by diazepam and buspirone but not by DN-2327, while the peak frequency of its spectra was decreased only by diazepam. On the other hand, during non-REM sleep, DN-2327 decreased the power of the theta band as did diazepam. These results indicate that the behavioral and EEG effects of DN-2327 differ completely from those of buspirone and considerably from those of diazepam and that the EEG effect of DN-2327 varies with the sleep-wakefulness stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intraglomerular expression of MHC class II and Ki-67 antigens and serum gamma-interferon levels in IgA nephropathy.

In order to clarify intraglomerular cellular activation and cytokine involvement in IgA nephropathy, the glomerular expression of MHC class II antigens (HLA-DR and DQ) and cellular proliferative nuclear antigen (Ki-67), and serum gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) levels were evaluated in 49 patients with IgA nephropathy. HLA-DR was detected in all but 4 patients in whom glomerular sclerosis was present. HLA-DQ and Ki-67 were observed in 51 and 38% of the patients, respectively. Proteinuria, recent macroscopic hematuria, mesangial proliferation, and extracapillary and endocapillary lesions were more frequent and more severe in HLA-DQ-positive than in HLA-DQ-negative patients. In 10 patients with acute exacerbation, endocapillary lesions and HLA-DQ and Ki-67 expression were present in 70, 80 and 88%, respectively. Serum gamma-IFN levels were high in the patients (2.0 +/- 0.3 U/ml, n = 40), especially during acute exacerbation (3.4 +/- 1.1 U/ml, n = 9). Glomerular HLA-DO and Ki-67 expression correlated with serum gamma-IFN levels (r = 0.73, p less than 0.01 for HLA-DQ; r = 0.75, p less than 0.01 for Ki-67). Renal biopsy specimens taken before and after prednisolone and/or urokinase therapy were available from 4 patients. There was strong reactivity to HLA-DQ in the glomerular tufts of all 4 pretreatment samples. However, HLA-DQ reactivity disappeared after treatment in 3 samples, concomitant with normalization of serum gamma-IFN levels. We conclude that serum gamma-IFN levels are related to glomerular HLA-DQ and Ki-67 expression and acute exacerbation in patients with IgA nephropathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor on nephrotoxic nephritis and its modulation by tumor necrosis factor.

To evaluate the suggested imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis in the development of glomerulonephritis, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity was studied in the plasma of rats with nephrotoxic nephritis. PAI activity rose within 1 h of the injection of nephrotoxic globulin (NTG), peaked at 2 h and returned to the normal range within 24 h. PAI activity was dependent on the dose of NTG and increased significantly during passage through the kidney. PAI activity was also detected in the culture supernatant from isolated glomeruli with nephrotoxic nephritis. Intracapillary fibrin deposits were formed within 2 h; their numbers increased gradually over 24 h. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) also induced a progressive increase in PAI activity in normal rats. The injection of TNF to rats with NTG synergistically accelerated both the increase in PAI activity and the prevalence of fibrin deposits. These results suggest that PAI may be released from the glomeruli affected by nephrotoxic nephritis and imply that PAI may play a role in the local coagulation in the capillaries of the nephritic kidneys, although this is probably not the only mechanism which explains the continued formation of the glomerular fibrin deposits.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Dose-dependent enzyme suppression in spleen induced by GM1 (monosialoganglioside 1) administration to mice.

Our previous studies suggested that the administration of exogenous gangliosides to the body modulates enzymatic networks in the brain. In the present study, we tested whether that is the case with another organ, spleen. By testing the dose response relationship, we found that there is a optimum dose for the effect of enzymatic modulation of GM1 (monosialoganglioside 1) administration. Although the optimum level varied depending on each of the examined hydrolytic enzymes, it usually fell in the range around 50 micrograms/kg body weight. The findings led us to conclude that the enzyme-modulating actions of gangliosides come not merely from the bizarre actions in vivo of high molecular exogenous substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Beneficial antiarrhythmic effect of beta-blockade in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Antiarrhythmic effects of beta-blockade (BB) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were compared with those of various antiarrhythmic agents using ambulatory Holter monitoring. The BB therapy effectively suppressed ventricular extrasystoles (VEs) in 85% of patients, as evidenced by improvement in Lown's grade or a reduction in the number of the highest grade VEs greater than 50%. In contrast, conventional antiarrhythmic agents, except flecainaid and amiodarone, were poorly effective in suppressing VEs. BB therapy gradually increased left ventricular fractional shortening (16 +/- 6% to 22 +/- 12%) and improved 12-month survival rates as compared with those receiving conventional therapy (93 vs 69%). This antiarrhythmic potency seemed to be an additional therapeutic efficacy of BB in the management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, which frequently associated with serious VEs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

[Incidence of renal cell carcinoma in Chiba Prefecture, Japan; ten years experience].

Many reports about the increase of renal cell carcinoma patients have been published in Japan recently, however, the real fluctuations in the total number of patients in relation to the change of population have not been reported yet. Most of the patients with renal cell carcinoma in the last 10 years were examined in Chiba prefecture, which has a population of about five million and 25 active urological offices. Histologically confirmed cases were investigated by sending questionnaire letters. The items were as follows; sex, age, address, occupation, family history, past history, symptoms, examination methods that first detected the tumor, operation date, tumor diameter and clinical stage. Twenty two offices returned answers and 560 cases who lived in Chiba were found to have renal cell carcinoma from 1980 to 1989. Yearly incidence rates per 100,000 persons demonstrated a significant increase from 0.32 to 2.07. Small, asymptomatic and low stage cancers have been increasing rapidly, however, the rate of metastatic disease has not shown any decrease. The main cause of rapid increase seems to be attributed to progress in diagnostic methods and increase of early detection, but the possibility of an increase in some carcinogenic factors can not be ruled out.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of tumor volume in latent prostatic carcinoma].

An assessment has been made of the histopathological characteristics of latent prostatic carcinoma and the tumor volume in 500 male Japanese patients who underwent dissection at The Jikei University since 1983. A microscopic observation was made of the prostatic glands extirpated totally at the necropsy, fixed with formalin and prepared as a step-section in a thickness of 3 mm. In the cases of latent carcinoma, after photographing the lesion in the same magnification and measuring the area of the carcinoma lesion with a digitizer, the volume was calculated by multiplying the thickness of 3 mm, and carcinoma volume was determined by integrating the value of each slice and adjusted by a conversion formula. The incidence of latent carcinoma was 104 cases out of 500 (22%). The incidence increased as the age layer becomes higher, and latent carcinoma was observed in 44% of the patients aged 80 and above. Complication of latent carcinoma with prostatic hyperplasia was presumed to be an independent phenomenon in so far as it is seen from the statistical aspect. The patients were classified histopathologically into well-differentiated type (64%), mixed type (27%) and poorly-differentiated type (9%), showing high incidence in the low-aged layer of well-differentiated lesions and in the high-aged layer of mixed type lesions and in the high-aged layer of mixed type lesions. The average tumor volume of latent carcinoma was so small as 231 mm3, but many of the lesions in the cases of well-differentiated type were small, being on average 103.9 mm3, but many of the lesions in the cases of poorly-differentiated type were large, being on average 642.2 mm3. Statistically, with a tumor size of 200 mm3 as the boundary, a difference was observed in the distribution of histological constitution between the group with smaller lesions and the group with larger lesions. As an application of this result to the clinical carcinoma of stage A, the value of volume of 200 mm3 was considered to be important as a diagnostic criterion in deciding the necessity of treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Synthesis and interaction studies of watersoluble nucleic acid analogs containing serine as a spacer.

Watersoluble nucleic acid analogs containing L- or D-serine as a spacer were synthesized. Thymine was used as nucleic acid bases of these analogs. The base contents of these analogs were 93-94%. These analogs were found to form stable polymer complexes with Poly A or DNA by specific base-base interaction, which were observed from hypochromicity of UV spectra. In both cases, the maximum hypochromicity values of PEI-L-Ser-Thy were higher than that of PEI-D-Ser-Thy.

Circular Dichroism↗
PubMed1992

[Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in epithelial ovarian cancer].

Tumor DNA content (ploidy) was determined by flow-cytometry (FCM) on tissue from 32 epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Staining for DNA analysis was achieved with Propidium Iodide. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were used as reference diploid cell population. Of the 32 patients, 26 (81.3%) had tumors which were aneuploid, whereas 6 (18.7%) were diploid. DNA aneuploid cell lines were found in 100% of serous adenocarcinoma, in 57% of mucinous adenocarcinoma, in 67% of endometrial adenocarcinoma, in 88% of clear cell carcinoma and in 75% of undifferentiated carcinoma. The DNA ploidy abnormalities differed in each histologic characteristic of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Immobilization of nucleoside on silica gel and specific separation of oligonucleotides.

Deoxyadenosine was immobilized on silica gel, in order to use as HPLC resins for selective separation of oligonucleotides. The longest retention time was observed for the complementary pd(T)4, and increased with decrease of temperature. This fact suggested that the main separation factor was the base pairing between complementary nucleic acid bases. These resins may be useful for separation of components of nucleic acids and polynucleotides as a specific separation system.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗