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Biomedical subjects

T W Miller

Publications and source records attributed to T W Miller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gambling as an addictive disorder among athletes: clinical issues in sports medicine.

This article examines the role of gambling as an addictive disorder experienced by athletes, both college and professional. Gambling may often be seen as a comorbid factor with other addictions and with depression among athletes. The focus on addictions among athletes has gained considerable attention among sports medicine clinicians. Diagnostic indicators, risk and protective factors, and a stage model of addiction among athletes are addressed. An algorithm and pathway of care for athletes with an addictive disorder is offered as are recommendations that sports physicians, sports medicine specialists, coaches and counsellors need to address athletes who have an addictive disorder.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMed2000

Violence in the schools: clinical issues and case analysis for high-risk children.

School violence in rural communities has gained considerable attention nationally. Examined are theoretical considerations involving escape theory, the risk and protective factors for school violence, case analyses of recent case studies, and discussion of recent school violence involving fatal injuries to others. Also discussed are diagnostic issues in understanding children who are at-risk for school violence and ways school violence maybe managed in the schools. Suggestions and recommendations including recommendations provided by the National School Safety Center for school personnel are offered, as are steps to be taken in creating a safe school environment. This information may be helpful to child psychiatry and clinical personnel who provide services to school aged children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

An adolescent vampire cult in rural America: clinical issues and case study.

The emergence of cult related activities in rural America are examined. Cults and their attraction to adolescents are addressed as are methods of cult indoctrination and a profile of cult members and their leader. Clinical management along with a rationale for the attraction of some adolescents to cults are discussed. A case study of a vampire cult and the psychopathology identified in the leader of the cult are provided. Import for clinicians is offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Sports medicine in the new millennium: a vision for 2020.

Globalisation, empowerment and technological change will determine the emerging directions in sports medicine in the new millennium. Networks and alliances of scientist and clinician services, as well as electronic profiling of athletes' learning styles, genetic predisposition and other variables, will enhance the spectrum of sports medicine services. Visionary direction will require changes in the organisational paradigms employed, the communication of information to athletes and coaches and the methodologies of assessment. An emphasis on prevention science and clinical and educational interventions will require a clearer focus. The sports medicine scientist and clinician of today must utilise the endowments suggested by Covey and the multiple intelligence models advanced by Gardner in capturing the clarity of focus for sports medicine in the new millennium.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Clinical and cultural issues in diagnosing and treating child victims of peer abuse.

Examined are clinical and cultural issues in assessing and treating child victims of peer abuse. Profiles for both victims and perpetrators are discussed as are clinical patterns that may emerge in adulthood. Clinical trauma accommodation is discussed to offer the processing and adaptation to peer victimization. A clinical algorithm is discussed to provide the clinician with a pathway for assessment, treatment and follow-up for children who experience peer victimization.

Aggression↗
PubMed1998

Posttraumatic stress disorder after treatment for breast cancer: prevalence of diagnosis and use of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) as a screening instrument.

The presence of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis in women (n = 82) diagnosed with Stage 0-IIIA breast cancer was assessed 6 to 72 months after cancer therapy. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the PTSD module for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Nonpatient Version, PTSD module (SCID-NP-PTSD) were administered in a telephone interview. SCID-NP-PTSD results indicated prevalence rates of 6% and 4% for current and lifetime PTSD, respectively. Use of the recommended cutoff score of 50 on the PCL-C to determine diagnosis of current cancer-related PTSD resulted in a sensitivity of .60 and a specificity of .99 with 2 false-negative diagnoses. In conclusion, PTSD can be precipitated by diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and the PCL-C can be a cost-effective screening tool for this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Anniversary reactions in a five-year-old boy. Unresolved conflict, guilt, and self-identifications.

This paper examines the important role of anniversary reactions in the psychological adjustment of seriously traumatized individuals. The clinical case study examines the impact of anniversary reactions on the posttraumatic symptoms and accommodation of a five-year-old boy. Unresolved conflict with the mother, an intense sense of guilt, and difficulty in self-identification were explored during subsequent sessions of psychoanalysis. The clinical significance of considering the possibility of anniversary reactions in children manifesting repetitive attempts of trauma mastering is discussed.

Anniversaries and Special Events↗
PubMed1996

Baseline assessment of children traumatized by the Armenian earthquake.

Assessed at baseline for longitudinal study is the impact of the Armenian earthquake on children screened through the Children's Psychotherapy Center in Kirovakan, Armenia. The earthquake caused close to 25,000 deaths, almost two thirds of which were children and adolescents. Examined herein are memory functioning and clinical data collected on a baseline level which provides a better understanding of both diagnostic indicators and trauma processing in child survivors of the Armenian earthquake. Current theory related to processing of trauma in children is reviewed as are recommendations for further research.

Armenia↗
PubMed1996

Temephos distribution and persistence in a southwest Florida salt marsh community.

The distribution and persistence of the mosquito larvicide temephos was monitored throughout an intertidal salt marsh community in southwest Florida following routine aerial applications of Abate 4-E (43% temephos) from 1988 through 1993. Temephos was found to be more highly concentrated in the surface water microlayer than in mid-depth water, exhibiting a mean of 330 micrograms/liter at the surface and 12 micrograms/liter at mid-depth from 1 fl. oz./acre applications and 120 micrograms/liter in the surface and 4.5 micrograms/liter in mid-depth water for 0.5 fl. oz./acre applications. Concentrations at both surface and mid-depth diminished rapidly within the first 24 hours. Mangrove leaves provided the most persistent reservoir for temephos, remaining more than 7 days. Temephos residues also were observed in select salt marsh organisms, including the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), adult fiddler crabs (Uca rapax) and the ribbed mussel (Geukensia sp.).

Florida↗
PubMed1995

Clinical and preventive issues in child custody disputes.

Clinical efforts in child custody disputes have emphasized preventive measures that address the best interests of the child. Examined herein is the impact of separation and divorce on families and preventive oriented efforts in contested child custody family mediation models. Also addressed are psychological factors in mediation, an identified model of family mediation, and clinical issues in the contested child custody arena.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of sexual abuse and trauma: clinical measures.

Examined are several measures currently used in the assessment of child abuse, sexual abuse, and trauma. These measures include structured clinical interviews, self report measures, screening inventory, symptom checklist, and some measures that include decision making properties. Issues and implications for clinical practice are explored.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Subcellular calcium pools of ischaemic and reperfused myocardium characterised by electron probe.

OBJECTIVE: The subcellular redistribution of calcium and other electrolytes was analysed in myocardium subjected to global ischaemia and reperfusion in order to establish possible causes of reperfusion injury. METHODS: Isolated ferret papillary muscles (maintained at 37 degrees C, 1.2 Hz stimulation) were exposed to ischaemic conditions for 1 h by isolating from room air, removing buffer, and exposing to a constant flow of water-saturated 95% N2/5% CO2 gas. Some muscles were "reperfused" for 5 min by exposing to control buffer. Electron probe microanalysis was used to measure subcellular electrolyte content. RESULTS: Ischaemia caused severe swelling and doubling of cell sodium [84(SEM 5) to 156(9) mmol.kg-1 dry weight (dw), P < 0.05]. Mitochondrial electrolyte concentrations were generally increased, most notably calcium [0.40(0.15) to 1.99(0.32) mmol.kg-1 dw, P < 0.05]. Electrolytes in other structures were more moderately affected. Reperfusion resulted in two general myocyte populations. Irreversibly injured cells exhibited contracture knots and an influx of extracellular fluid. Analysis was restricted to moderately injured cells, which had reduced swelling and varying numbers of vacuolated mitochondria. In the moderately injured cells, sodium remained high [167(11) mmol.kg-1 dw] and magnesium had increased from 39(2) to 52(2) mmol.kg-1 dw (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial calcium was near control levels [0.64(0.42) mmol.kg-1 dw]. Junctional sarcoplasmic reticular calcium significantly increased [6.56(0.59) to 18.53(1.64) mmol.kg-1 dw in control and reperfused cells, respectively, P < 0.05], while calcium had not changed significantly in T tubule lumen or "3rd compartment", composed of sarcoplasmic reticulum, T tubules, and free sarcoplasm. "3rd compartment" and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum results suggest that sarcolemma bound calcium had decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Surviving myocytes had no change in total calcium, but showed a large degree of calcium redistribution. Mitochondria accumulated calcium during ischaemia, but released it upon reperfusion. Sarcoplasmic reticulum in reperfused cells appeared functional and may have helped maintain physiological [Ca2+]i by storing calcium released from mitochondria and the sarcolemma. Mitochondrial and sarcolemmal damage are proposed as critical factors in reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Adult non-survivors: the failure to cope of victims of child abuse.

The long-term effects of child abuse have received significant attention in the research. The adult who is so affected by the trauma of child abuse is less often studied. The adult non-survivor experiences considerable and ultimately massive decompensation and failure in the ability to cope with and adjust to adult stresses. A case study is presented to illustrate this phenomenon. Issues for clinical practice and further research are identified.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Aedes albopictus distribution, abundance, and colonization in Lee County, Florida, and its effect on Aedes aegypti.

In 1992 the known southern limit of Aedes albopictus in Florida was in Lee County. Through oviposition surveillance, the distribution of Ae. albopictus was determined, and its frequency relative to Aedes aegypti and colonization pattern of areas previously occupied by Ae. aegypti were examined in Lee County. The data collected in the first year of surveillance demonstrate the ability of Ae. albopictus to rapidly and preferentially colonize large expanses of rural southwest Florida. Urban and suburban areas of the county showed slower colonization rates. In suburban areas, Ae. albopictus became the dominant container-breeding mosquito species, whereas it did not become dominant in urban areas. During the study period, Ae. albopictus did not displace Ae. aegypti in urban or suburban habitats. The southern limit of Ae. albopictus moved a distance of 8.1 km (5 mi.) in 6 wk to the southern border of the county.

Aedes↗
PubMed1993

Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents of the Armenian earthquake.

The impact of the Armenian earthquake of 1988 on children and adolescents screened through the National Mental Health Research Center in Spitak, Armenia, is discussed. The earthquake caused close to 20,000 deaths, almost two-thirds of which were children and adolescents. Clinical data which address advances in understanding the diagnostic indicators and resulting psychopathology in victims of the Armenian earthquake are presented. Current theory about the processing of trauma in children and adolescents is reviewed, with recommendations for future research in this area.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Calcium displacement by lanthanum in subcellular compartments of rat ventricular myocytes: characterisation by electron probe microanalysis.

OBJECTIVE: Much of the calcium in cardiac myocytes resides in a kinetic compartment defined by rapid exchange and rapid displacement by La3+. The aim of this study was to ascertain the subcellular location of this calcium pool. METHODS: Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) was used to measure redistribution of total calcium in rat cardiac myocytes after 30 s in 1 mM lanthanum. "Cells", mitochondria, and myofibrils were separately analysed. The data permitted calculating a third (difference) compartment, containing primarily sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcolemma, and T tubule lumen. Total calcium levels in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubule lumen were also measured directly. RESULTS: Lanthanum decreased total "cell" calcium from 1.4 (SEM 0.3) to 0.5(0.4) mmol.kg-1 dry weight (p < 0.05); loss from the third (difference) compartment was primarily responsible. Simultaneously, junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum increased from 5.1(0.6) to 8.2(0.9) mmol.kg-1 dry weight (p < 0.05), while the T tubule lumen was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that lanthanum displaced calcium primarily from sarcolemmal sites and that calcium redistributed to sarcoplasmic reticulum from an intracellular source.

Animals↗