Five hundred consecutive carotid endarterectomies: emphasis on vein patch closure.
This study reviews 500 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed in 429 patients in one practice over a 12-year period, emphasis being placed on the technique of vein patch closure and its durability. The records of all such patients were reviewed. Data collected included indication, age, sex, angiogram and duplex scan results, technique of carotid closure, complications within 30 days, and follow-up postoperative duplex scans. The technique emphasized generous exposure, distal arteriotomy, routine shunting, and narrow vein patch angioplasty. The mean patient age was 68 years; 245 (57.1%) were men, and 184 (42.9%) were women. Indications for surgery were transient ischemic attack 256 (51.2%); symptom-free stenosis 144 (28.8%); recovered stroke 60 (12%); and non-hemispheric symptoms 40 (8%). The arteriotomy was closed primarily in 71 (14.2%) instances and with a patch in 429 (85.8%). Complications included five (1%) deaths, one (0.2%) stroke, nine (1.8%) transient ischemic attacks, and four (0.8%) wound hematomas. One (0.2%) vein patch rupture occurred. Serial postoperative duplex scans were reviewed in 455 (91%) patients. No significant residual disease was found in any of these patients; three (0.7%) patients were identified with recurrent symptom-free stenoses of >80%; one (0.2%) silent carotid occlusion occurred; and no aneurysms were identified. Classic descriptions of carotid endarterectomy limited the carotid arteriotomy to the bulb area, while contemporary carotid surgery emphasizes wide internal carotid exposure and distal arteriotomy. The authors' experience with vein patch closure confirms the validity of this technique and its low short- and long-term morbidity.