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Biomedical subjects

T W Jones

Publications and source records attributed to T W Jones.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The St. Jude experience.

This paper covers our experience with the use of the St. Jude prosthetic heart valve from November 1979 through August 1983 in 91 patients operated on for aortic and mitral valve replacement. Nonfatal complications included hemorrhagic sequela due to anticoagulation, with an annual rate of 1 percent (1.4 percent per 100 patient years), thromboembolism with an annual rate of 0.8 percent (0.87 percent per 100 patient years), sternal infection 1 percent, operative cardiovascular accident 1 percent, and pericardial tamponade 1 percent. Operative mortality was 1 percent, early mortality (within 30 days) was 3 percent, and late mortality was 3 percent, with a total overall mortality of 7 percent. Excluding two patients who died from noncardiac causes, the overall mortality was 5 percent. The mortality rate per year was 2 percent. The survival rate 3.8 years postoperatively was 89 percent for mitral valve replacement patients and 93 percent for aortic valve replacement patients, for an overall 38 year survival rate of 92 percent. All patients were anticoagulated with warfarin. There were no instances of valve failure, replacement, or serious hemolysis. Eighty-three percent were active or working with a New York heart functional class I. In our experience, the complication rate with the St. Jude valve is as low or lower than that for any other mechanical prosthetic cardiac valve available in the world today.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma evansi. Isolation and characterisation of variable antigen type populations from rabbits infected with a stock of T. evansi.

A cloned stock of T. evansi was shown to undergo antigenic variation giving rise to 11 antigenic variants during the first 30 days of infection in rabbits. Ten of the 11 variable antigen type (VAT) populations isolated during this study were shown to represent predominant VATs of the stock as each of these 10 VATs was shown to develop early in infection in rabbits infected with different VATs of the stock. The probability, therefore, exists that stocks of T. evansi can be classified into VAT-serodemes on the basis of their predominant VAT repertoires for use in epidemiological studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The middle scalene muscle and its contribution to the thoracic outlet syndrome.

The predisposing anatomic alterations or features of thoracic outlet syndrome have been tallied to better define this difficult and inchoate issue. In the last 34 supraclavicular operations involving 33 patients (for a total operative experience of 128 procedures), we have found the anterior insertion of the middle scalene muscle to be present in 48 percent of our patients. This insertion, forward on the first rib, closes an already small interscalene triangle, so that the posteriorly placed brachial plexus is entrapped or irritated by the anterior edge of this muscle, which may be very sharp and firm. In addition, 10 percent of our patients had a middle scalene band intimately associated with the middle scalene muscle, often-times inseparable, for a 58 percent incidence of middle scalene involvement in the thoracic outlet syndrome. With data such as those presented herein, a more simplified operation than the heretofore popular all-out attack on the first rib may well be in the offering.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies on age related changes in cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b-5 and mixed function oxidase activity in mouse liver microsomes, in relation to their phospholipid composition.

Liver microsomes were isolated from male mice of various defined ages, and their ability to metabolise ethylmorphine, p-nitroanisole, p-aminobenzoic acid and aniline was assessed as was their content of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b-5 and protein, and their lipid composition. The rising capacity of the microsomes to metabolise these substrates in the first half of the lifespan was associated with a rise in the cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b-5 content as well as an increase in the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to both phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin and, in early adult life, decreasing saturation of phospholipid fatty acids. The lipid changes would be expected to increase microsomal membrane fluidity. Declining mixed function oxidase activity in later life paralleled a decline in the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin, and progressively reduced saturation of phospholipid fatty acids. Cytochrome content showed only a slight irregular decline with advancing age until the oldest animals were investigated, in which cytochrome b-5 was considerably reduced. Unfortunately, cytochrome P-450 was not measured in the oldest available group. Inducing the mixed function oxidase system with daily phenobarbitone injections for 4 days substantially increased enzyme activity in animals up to the middle of the age range tested. Older animals showed progressively reduced induction and none at all was seen in the oldest group. In contrast with the situation in non-induced mice, these changes were more closely associated with changes in cytochrome P-450 content than with alterations of lipid composition.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of behavior-related eating problems in retarded students: a review of the literature.

A taxonomy of feeding problems is proposed based on the two dimensions of cause (behavior-, neuromotor-, or physical-related) and problem area (drinking, eating, self-feeding, social, or self-injurious). Studies representative of each area were identified and one area, behavior-related eating problems, was selected for indepth review. Examples of children with problems in this area were described and a rationale for intervention was presented based on nutrition and health and normalization. Nine variables in treatment approaches were identified and compared. Integration of four of the variables was described as a viable approach to treating behavior-related eating problems in mentally retarded persons. Personnel involved with the development of mentally retarded students at the severe and profound levels are often concerned with eating and feeding problems. Such problems are extensive within those populations and may be life-threatening. In addition, caregivers often expect that reduction of these problems will also reduce the amount of care such students require. Problems include self-feeding, normal eating (i.e., chewing and swallowing patterns) and appropriate social behavior at mealtime. While bountiful information exists concerning many aspects of feeding and eating, information on some aspects of critical importance is scattered. A taxonomy of feeding and eating problems is presented in this review to show the relationship of available information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The use of culture-derived metacyclic trypanosomes in studies on the serological relationships of stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.

Metacyclic trypanosomes of five stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense were produced in vitro in tsetse head-salivary gland explant cultures and used to infect rabbits. Sera were collected from the rabbits and monitored by agglutination tests for antibody production to nine serotype antigens of T. b. gambiense. In the case of a Nigerian stock of T. b. gambiense the sequences of antibody production were found to be similar in animals infected with the stock transmitted by tsetse flies and from culture. Many similarities were also found between the patterns of antibody production in rabbits infected with stocks of T. b. gambiense from Senegal, Nigeria, Zaire and Uganda. The occurrence of similar serotypes in geographically different stocks of T. b. gambiense provides further support for continuing efforts to develop improved serodiagnostic tests for sleeping sickness based on variable trypanosome antigens and to find techniques for immunoprophylaxis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Experiences with autotransfusion during abdominal aortic aneurysm resection.

In a series of 79 elective and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm resections, the autotransfuser manufactured by the Bentley Laboratories was used in 50 patients. These 50 patients, in whom the average amount of autotransfused blood was 1,500 cc, required a smaller number of intra- and postoperative transfusions, maintained satisfactory recovery hematocrit levels and had an essentially unchanged platelet count throughout the first 24 hours. There was no evidence of laboratory or clinical coagulopathy. The autotransfusion equipment was set up and operated by the patients' technician, and proved devoid of air embolism or clotting components. Although there are many patients whose aneurysms are easily removed and grafted and who require a small number of whole blood transfusions, there still remain operative traps and pitfalls in many patients that suggest to us that the autotransfuser is a security system, and thus it is routinely set up in all cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Antigenic analysis by immunofluorescence of in vitro-produced metacyclics of Trypanosoma brucei and their infections in mice.

The antigenic types in populations of Metacyclic trypanosomes of Trypanosoma brucei isolated from Glossina morsitans head-salivary gland trypanosome cultures and bloodstream forms in the early parasitemias produced from whole culture supernatant fluids containing metacyclic forms, were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test using clone-specific antisera. Metacyclic trypanosomes in cultures initiated with cloned bloodstream forms with heterogeneous with respect to their variable antigenic type (VAT). Trypanosomes comprising early parasitemias in immunosuppressed mice infected with metacyclics produced in cultures also had a range of VATs. Three of the VATs detected in the early parasitemias in mice have also been identified by other investigators in tsetse fly-transmitted populations of the same stock.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The separation and structure of infective trypanosomes from cultures of Trypanosomas brucei grown in association with tsetse fly salivary glands.

Infective trypanosomes developed when Trypanosoma brucei was cultivated at 28 C in a liquid medium containing tsetse fly head-salivary gland explants. They were separated from the noninfective culture forms using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. It was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy that the separated organisms were morphologically similar to metacyclic stages found in a tsetse fly and that they had a characteristic surface coat. Single metacyclic trypanosomes isolated from the cultures gave rise to infections in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Occupational disease in dentistry and chronic exposure to trace anesthetic gases.

A mail survey of 30,650 dentists and 30,547 chairside assistants grouped according to occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetic and sedatives in the dental operatory indicated increased general health problems and reproductive difficulties among respondents exposed to anesthetics. For male dentists who were heavily exposed to anesthetics, the increase in liver disease was 1.7-fold, kidney disease was 1.2-fold, and neurological disease was 1.9-fold. For wives of male dentists who were heavily exposed to anesthetics, the increase in spontaneous abortion rate was 1.5-fold. Among female chairside assistants who were heavily exposed to anesthetics, the increase in liver disease was 1.6-fold, kidney disease was 1.7-fold, and neurological disease was 2.8-fold. The increase in spontaneous abortion rate among assistants who were heavily exposed was 2.3-fold. Cancer rates in women heavily exposed to inhalation anesthetics were increased 1.5-fold but this finding was not statistically significant (P = .06). Separate analysis of the data for disease rates and birth difficulties by type of inhalation anesthetic indicates that in both dentists and chairside assistants chronic exposure to nitrous oxide alone is associated with an increase rate of adverse response.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1980

Implantation of a larger aortic prosthetic valve in a patient with a small aortic annulus: an operative technique.

A technique for implantation of a larger aortic prosthetic valve in a small aortic annulus is described. The technique consists of passing inverted horizontal mattress sutures in the aortic annulus in the right and left coronary sinuses. In the noncoronary sinus, horizontal mattress sutures are passed from outside through a strip of Teflon felt and then through the aortic wall a few millimeters away from the annulus and finally through the sewing ring of the aortic valve prosthesis. Sutured in this manner, the valve sits below the annulus in the areas of the right and the left coronary sinuses and above the annulus in the noncoronary sinus. This technique is simple, does not add to the aortic cross-clamp time, and permits placement of a prosthesis that is at least 2-4 mm larger than the size of the annulus.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1979

Aortic valve replacement and the senior citizen.

The elderly patient, regardless of age, faces an early demise from progressive cardiac decompensation secondary to aortic valve disease. Aortic valve replacement can be carried out at a reasonable operative risk and extend the longevity to very close to that of normal life expectancy. It is our feeling, based on these results, that patients with significant symptoms secondary to aortic valvular disease, regardless of age and without other major organ problems, should be given the choice of aortic valve replacement to enhance the quality and quantity of their lives.

Age Factors↗