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Biomedical subjects

T W Chen

Publications and source records attributed to T W Chen.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Peritoneal transfer during maximal hyperosmotic ultrafiltration in the rat.

Peritoneal transfer parameters were estimated in rats (n = 24) while maximal net ultrafiltration rate (nUFR) was achieved with 15% dextrose dialysis solution (1,153 mOsm/kg) and compared with those obtained with 0.37% dextrose solution (301 mOsm/kg). Experiments were carried out with dialysis solutions of pH approximately 6.5 and approximately 7.6, respectively, for 15% dextrose dialysis solution and 0.37% dextrose solution. Increases in both convective and diffusive transfer resulted in more than 70% greater peritoneal clearances of urea, potassium, and phosphate with hyperosmotic solutions at both pH values. Protein removal was increased only with a hyperosmotic solution of pH approximately 6.5 compared with isosmotic conditions at the same pH. Results support the hypothesis that increased peritoneal transfer parameters under hyperosmotic conditions depend not only upon enhanced convection but also on factors promoting diffusive transfer.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The removal index for evaluation of dialysis.

OBJECTIVES: To find an index of adequacy that takes into consideration the effect of the decreasing concentration of urea nitrogen in hemodialysis (HD) and can be used before treatments to quantitate the prescriptions with the same criterion for both HD and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). DESIGN: The removal index was obtained through mathematical theories and then compared with the urea index (KT/V) values of the sample patients. PATIENTS: Thirty-two HD and 21 CAPD patients were included. All patients were dialyzed with optimal urea index values and had been stable for at least one year. RESULTS: The removal index in HD (xi HD) for each dialysis was O.62 +/- 0.07, and the normalized removal index in CAPD (xi CAPD) was 0.59 +/- 0.11. There was no statistical significance. This result is consistent with the fact that no difference of morbidity or mortality exists between these two modalities. CONCLUSION: After mathematical manipulation, the removal index in HD can be presented in the form of the urea reduction ratio, which is a retrospective measure to estimate the performance of hemodialysis. This study implies that the removal index is able to facilitate the prescriptions for adequate dialysis. The removal index can also be used to explain the reason why the urea index values are always larger in HD than in CAPD.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid dysfunction and nodular goiter in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of nodular goiter and thyroid dysfunction in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Single dialysis unit and outpatient clinic. PATIENTS: The study included 221 patients [143 HD and 78 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients] along with 135 consecutively selected outpatients as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrasonography was used to detect patients' thyroid function and nodular goiter. RESULTS: Nodular goiter was detected in 54.8% of the uremic patients and in 21.5% of the controls. Uremic patients had higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, which included reduced serum concentration of total T3, total T4, and free T4, and increased serum level of TSH. Hypothyroidism was also observed more frequently in uremic patients than in the control group (5.4% vs 0.7%, p < 0.05). Nodular goiter was more frequently found in females than in males (63.5% vs 48%, p < 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of nodular goiter increased with age (p < 0.02) in uremic patients. Hemodialysis patients had a higher frequency of reduced total T3 level (46.9% vs 29.5%, p < 0.02). However, CAPD patients had lower T4 levels (6.23+/-1.82 microg/dL vs 7.15+/-1.99 microg/dL, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Because of the high incidence of hypothyroidism and nodular goiter in uremic patients, screening of thyroid function and goiter detection with ultrasound should be considered in evaluation of end-stage renal disease patients.

Case-Control Studies↗