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Biomedical subjects

T Vogl

Publications and source records attributed to T Vogl.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging as a new diagnostic criterion in paediatric airway obstruction.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the trachea was performed in 21 children with congenital or acquired narrowing of the trachea or main bronchi. Diagnosis included aortic arch anomalies, innominate artery compression, pulmonary artery compression and tracheomalacia. All patients were examined after bronchoscopy. The demonstration of the trachea and the surrounding tissue and vessels on MR images enables the cause of tracheal compression and the degree and location of collapse to be evaluated. MRI is a modality well suited to characterizing tracheal narrowing without employing ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast medium. All MRI examinations were carried out with the patient under general anaesthesia so as not to risk pulmonary deterioration during sedation. In the cases presented MRI is the diagnostic step of choice after tracheobronchoscopy and broadens the diagnostic potential in extrinsic tracheal or bronchial stenosis in paediatric patients.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1991

Tracheal stenosis by innominate artery compression in infants: surgical treatment in 35 cases.

This is a report on 35 cases of innominate artery compression of the trachea and its surgical correction by means of aortotruncopexy. Diagnostic procedures of choice were tracheoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, which offers representative images of inspiration and expiration, shows the anatomical relations between aortic arch and trachea and reveals the extent of tracheal compression. Surgical treatment is indicated if narrowing of the tracheal lumen exceeds 70%. By fixation of the aortic arch and the proximal innominate artery to the back of the sternum, tracheal compression is relieved. There was no unsuccessful operation in the 35 children. One late death occurred from cardiac failure, unrelated to tracheal compression.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1991

MRI in tracheal stenosis by innominate artery in children.

Pediatric airway obstruction due to anomalies of the course of the innominate artery may produce respiratory distress. MR imaging of the trachea was performed after bronchoscopy on forty-one children with congenital tracheal stenosis. Bronchoscopy only allows the evaluation of the lumen of the trachea, and the degree and location of collapse, and it may be difficult to determine the etiology of the tracheal narrowing. In eighteen out of the forty-one patients MR imaging showed a compression of the trachea by the innominate artery. The MR imaging diagnoses were subsequently compared for accuracy with the diagnoses determined by direct surgical observations. MR imaging of the trachea, the surrounding tissue and vessels allows the evaluation of the cause of tracheal compression and the degree and location of collapse. For evaluation of the cause of airway obstruction. MRI is an ideal method depicting detailed anatomic structure without employing ionizing radiation or intravenous contrast medium.

Brachiocephalic Trunk↗
PubMed1991

[The predictive value of so-called secondary reconstruction in fractures of the frontal skull base].

While MRI offers excellent possibilities to visualize different planes of a structure of interest, CT is limited to the axial and coronal plane. In most cases, CT examination can be carried out in the traumatised patient in the axial plane only. Therefore, in the present study the authors tried to investigate the value of multiplanar reconstruction of CT scans in anterior skull base traumatology, 18 patients (6 female, 12 male) aged between 18 and 57 years with bony lesions of the anterior skull base caused by different traumatic events were examined under a CT scanner of the fourth generation. A high-resolution mode was used in 14 out of 18 patients. The axial scans were reformated in coronal and sagittal planes. The clinical value of the reconstructed images, however, was poor. They would not supply additional information compared to the original scans; the quality of the reconstructed scans was even worse. Artifacts could not be distinguished from bony lesions. The results indicate that multiplanar reconstructions of CT scans are not sufficient in the evaluation of bony lesions of the anterior skull base.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnostic approach in diseases of the parapharyngeal space].

Diseases of the parapharyngeal space (p.s.) are quite rare. Nevertheless, the clinical and therapeutic approach to this anatomical site is not easy in many cases. Possibly some of the patients suffering from lesions in the p.s. could be cured, if the disease were detected in an earlier stage. In the present paper the authors introduce the diagnostic evaluation of this region. Clinical and radiological procedures are demonstrated in selected patients with characteristic lesions of the p.s. in order to find out about reasonable and sufficient diagnostic approaches to this hidden area. While the clinical examination is limited mainly to inspection and palpation, diagnostic imaging--and particularly modern techniques like CT, MRI and 3-D-reconstruction--enables us to receive a better approach to the p.s.. Advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed according to their diagnostic value for the various kinds of lesions in the p.s.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Proton spin tomography in HIV 1-induced diseases in head and neck region].

Most HIV-infected patients present with associated diseases (inflammations, hyperplastic disorders of the lymphatic tissue and malignancies) in the head and neck region. Speculum, endoscopy, ultrasound and computed tomography are important tools in the diagnostic management of HIV presentations. Moreover, MR is known to be an excellent technique especially in the evaluation of soft tissue disorders. -A prospective study of 23 out of 161 HIV-seropositive patients was performed to determine the efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging in HIV-related disorders. T1- and T2-sequences, as well as the contrast medium uptake (Gd-DTPA), presentation in three planes and the morphology of the tissue were useful parameters to distinguish the different HIV-related diseases (lymphatic hyperplasia, inflammation, Kaposi's sarcoma, Hodgkin's und Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoepithelial cysts and carcinoma) in most cases even prior to histological examination. -MR proved to be a significant non-invasive diagnostic tool especially in HIV-associated soft tissue disorders in the head and neck.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Current diagnosis and therapy of cysts of the mouth floor].

Cystic tumors of the floor of the mouth are relatively rare. Until today the exact localisation of the cysts in relationship to the muscles of the floor of the mouth is established mainly during operation. Therefore the preoperative decision for the optimal surgical approach can be difficult, at least in large space occupying lesions. In the present study the case of a 24-year-old female patient with an extensive dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth is demonstrated. The preoperative use of magnetic resonance imaging enabled us to determine the exact localisation of the cyst in relationship to the muscular structures of the floor of the mouth. The differential diagnosis of dermoids of the floor of the mouth as well as the adequate therapeutic approach is discussed according to the relevant literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Magnetic resonance tomography of the oropharynx and oral cavity with Gd-DTPA. An optimized study technic and its diagnostic value].

In the evaluation of space-occupying lesions of the oropharynx it is necessary to perform modern imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging additionally to clinical and endoscopical methods. 126 patients were examined using T1-weighted (TR = 500 ms, TE = 25 ms) and T2-weighted (TR = 3000 ms, TE = 25/90 ms) spin-echo-sequences before and after i.v. application of Gd-DTPA. Superficially growing lesions of stage T1 could not be delineated from isointense mucosa. The preoperative staging of T2-T4 lesions can be markedly improved by using T1- and T2-weighted sequences in combination with Gd-DTPA. MR imaging with Gd-DTPA is recommended as the primary diagnostic tool for diagnosing lesions in the region of the oropharynx.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Diffuse liver parenchymal diseases: the value of MRI compared to sonography and CT].

29 patients with diffuse liver disease were examined by ultrasound, CT and MRI. MRI imaging was performed using T1-and t2-weighted spin-echo-sequences and fast gradient-echo-sequences. The paramagnetic contrast agent Gd-DTPA was applied intravenously (0.1 mmol/kg). In all patients with hepatitis MRI enabled exact liver biopsy by delineation of inflammatory changes in cases of chronic or focal hepatitis. CT and ultrasound were superior to MRI in the detection of focal or diffuse fatty degeneration. However, MRI enabled an exact differentiation of fatty changes from neoplasm. In cases of fibrotic changes the most accurate findings could be shown by MRI. In patients suffering from hemochromatosis MRI supplied additional information compared to CT and ultrasound revealing significant reduction of signal intensity due to reinforced enhancement of iron. Concerning Wilson's disease MRI showed a characteristic pattern of parenchymal changes. The application of Gd-DTPA in cases of diffuse liver disease adds supplementary information about perfusion of liver parenchyma, but its value for diagnostic accuracy is only secondary.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1991

[NMR tomographic diagnosis with Gd-DTPA in HIV-associated diseases in the head-neck area].

In a prospective study 21 patients suffering from HIV-1 infection underwent MR imaging. The following tumours were found: eight Kaposi's sarcomas, four lymphomas, two squamous-cell carcinomas, and three cases of lymphoid hyperplasia. Furthermore, three cases with lymphoepithelial cysts and one case of inflammatory changes of the parotid glands were studied. Optimal diagnostic results were obtained by using T1- and T2-weighted sequences plain and Gd-DTPA enhanced. Different signal intensities enabled the differentiation of lesions such as inflammation, lymphomas and lymphoid hyperplasia. Besides clinical examination modalities, MR imaging proves to be an important tool in investigating solid, cystic or inflamed processes in HIV-positive patients in the head and neck area.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

To detect structure and size abnormalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the parotid gland was performed on 36 patients with sicca complaints. Twenty-four patients had primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or connective tissue disease; 6 had secondary SS associated with RA, whereas in another 6 cases the related disease could not be classified. Characteristic gland size and structural abnormalities were identified in patients with SS and various stages could be established, compared to patients with other parotid gland disorders, as well as healthy persons. MRI provides an accurate noninvasive technique for assessment of xerostomia in patients with SS.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

[Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography of children's thorax].

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the pediatric chest was performed in 53 patients. All examinations were performed using a 1.0 and 1.5 Tesla superconducting MR imager. 80% of the children were examined using anesthesia with a ventilation of 20% inspiration and 80% expiration. After performing the MR examination in 55% of the cases an operation was performed. In 29 patients anomalies of the brachiocephalic trunc were found. In four patients MR detected a doubled aortic arch, in four patients we found a dilated arch. In eight children a dilated pulmonary artery was diagnosed. In combination with eight tracheobronchoscopy, MR imaging proved to be the diagnostic method of choice for the evaluation of anomalies of the mediastinum. New developments like fast imaging techniques and 3D acquisition promise a further diagnostic improvement in the mediastinum.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1991

Compartment syndrome of the foot after intraarticular calcaneal fracture.

Seventeen patients with a total of 21 intraarticular calcaneal fractures were examined at up to 30 days after trauma for the development of tissue pressure in the central plantar muscle compartment. Twelve patients had a significant increase in tissue pressure with values greater than 30 mmHg because of primary fracture hematoma or interstitial fluid accumulation. This increase in pressure persisted for three to five days after trauma, so that ischemic damage to the short plantar foot muscles had to be suspected. Plantar muscle scarring and claw-toe formation were observed in seven patients with a total of 11 fractures during a mean observation period of 18 months. The plantar aponeurosis, which forms the constricting fascial envelope of the plantar muscles, is the anatomic structure responsible for the compartment syndrome that may develop after calcaneal fracture. Therefore, to avoid functional deficit, plantar compartmental pressures should be regularly measured after calcaneal fracture. Significantly increased plantar tissue pressure greater than 30 mmHg should be relieved by longitudinal incision of the plantar aponeurosis, preferably by a plantar incision as soon as the diagnosis is made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[A new method of 3-dimensional reconstruction of the head and neck].

In the past decades the development of MRI has significantly increased the importance of diagnostic imaging of head and neck lesions. The standard imaging method is based on two-dimensional slices. The present study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of 3D MRI-reconstructions for head and neck lesions. The 3D reconstruction method and the results of the 3D-reconstructed images are presented. Important aspects of the interesting structures can be evaluated much more easily with reconstructed images than by mentally reconstructing two-dimensional slices. In the light of the present results, 3D reconstruction promises to be an accurate method for the diagnosis of head and neck lesions and might be of clinical importance in the future.

Computer Simulation↗