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Biomedical subjects

T Varghese

Publications and source records attributed to T Varghese.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical significance of anti-Sm antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus & related disorders.

A retrospective analysis was undertaken of the clinical and immunological profile of 33 anti-Sm antibody positive (group I) and 243 anti-Sm antibody negative (group II) patients with systemic connective tissue diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and related disorders (overlap, mixed and undifferentiated connective tissue diseases). The disease patterns were comparable, except for cutaneous vasculitis and hypocomplementaemia (low serum C3 levels). Vasculitis was observed in 55 per cent of group I and 35 per cent of group II subjects (P less than 0.05). Hypocomplementemia was also detected more frequently (86%) in group I as compared to group II (66%) patients (P less than 0.05). No association was found between anti-Sm antibody and renal, neuropsychiatric and cardiopulmonary features. The study thus demonstrated the association of anti-Sm antibody with immune complex mediated vasculitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

HIV antibody screening of commercially available blood products in India.

In a screening of 182 vials of various commercially available blood products in the Indian market, 32 (17%) were found to contain HIV-1 antibodies. The contamination with HIV-1 antibodies was detected in all types of blood products including immunoglobulin preparations, cryoprecipitates as well as albumin. Interestingly, the contamination was seen almost exclusively in the products manufactured in the Bombay-Pune area (32 of 92, 34%). It was very low in products manufactured near Delhi (1 of 90). A single vial of imported Factor VIII concentrate tested negative.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1989

Antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens in connective tissue disorders in India: prevalence and clinical correlations.

Antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENAs) namely Sm, nRNP, SS-A and SS-B were studied in 397 patients with various connective tissue diseases (CTD), 146 patients with inflammatory polyarthropathies, 16 cases of systemic vasculitides, and 39 normal subjects using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion methods. Anti-ENA antibodies were positive in 40.8 percent cases of Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 191), 36.4 percent of overlap CTD (OCTD, n = 44), 27.8 percent of Sjogren's syndrome (n = 18), 10.6 percent of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, n = 66) and 2.7 percent of rheumatoid arthritis (n = 111) patients. The correlation of these antibodies with disease features was done. The significant finding was negative association of anti-nRNP antibodies (when present alone) with renal involvement. Anti-Sm antibodies did not correlate with any disease feature. The other associations included correlation of anti-nRNP with pulmonary parenchymal lesions, anti-SS-A with serositis and pulmonary hypertension, and anti-SS-B with myocarditis and recurrent diarrhoea. We conclude that Anti-ENAs may correlate with certain subsets of these diseases but the subject is controversial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Endoparasites of birds of paradise in Papua New Guinea.

General endoparasitiasis in 16 species of captive birds of paradise (BOP) in Papua New Guinea ranged from 60.0 to 79.6% during 1977, 1978, 1981, 1983 and 1984. Percent prevalence of the three major groups of parasites during the five survey years was as follows: haematozoa, 36.7-53.0%; coccidia, 42.2-63.3% and helminths, 35.6-67.3%. Percent prevalence of blood parasites in the years 1977 and 1984 was: Haemoproteus 14.3, 20.0; Plasmodium 10.2, 4.5; Haemoproteus or Plasmodium 18.4, 8.9; Leucocytozoon 6.1, 6.7; Trypanosoma 8.2, 6.7; microfilaria 10.2, 4.5. Oocysts of Eimeria paradisaeai, Isospora raggianai and I. volki were common, as were oocysts morphologically distinct from these three species. The most frequently observed cestode eggs belonged to Raillietina and Biuterina species. Eggs of Strongyloides, Capillaria, Syngamus and Trichuris species of nematodes were also recovered. The Magnificent Bird of Paradise (Diphyllodes magnificus) had the highest mean eggs per gram (EPG) during the five survey years, except in 1978 when the highest mean was recorded from the Lesser Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea minor). Highest mean oocysts per gram (OPG) for the first 3 years were also recorded from D. magnificus, but Paradisaea raggiana had the highest mean OPG in 1983 and 1984. Possible causes for the greatest prevalence of endoparasites in the birds during 1977 and 1984, despite their having been regularly treated prophylactically, are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Porcine coccidia in Papua New Guinea.

Faecal samples from 232 domestic pigs raised on concrete, 98 free-ranging village pigs, and five wild boar showed 46.6 (108/232), 54 (53/98) and 80% (4/5) prevalence of coccidian oocysts, respectively. Eight species of Eimeria, and Isospora suis, were recovered. In their descending order of predominance in the pigs raised on concrete, the species of coccidia were E. debliecki (26.7%), E. scabra (22.4%), E. neodebliecki (19.8%), E. porci (15.5%), E. suis (11.6%), E. polita (8.6%), E. perminuta (7%), E. spinosa (5.6%) and I. suis (3.9%). The first five species listed above predominated in the village pigs as well. E. polita, E. spinosa and I. suis were not found in the wild boar. I. suis oocysts prevailed in 8.3% of the 36 sows on concrete, and in 11.1% (3/27) of those which were positive for coccidia. Isosporoid oocysts were absent in the village sows. Of the 125 less than 24-day-old piglets, 29.6% were diarrhoeic, and of these, 43.2% were positive for coccidia. Four of the 16 (25%) coccidia-positive, diarrhoeic piglets, and four of the 37 (10.8%) coccidia-positive non-diarrhoeic piglets shed I. suis oocysts, an observation which seems to weaken the present contention that I. suis is the primary causative agent of neonatal porcine coccidiosis. The highest mean number of oocysts per gram faeces (23,550) was recorded from the diarrhoeic farm piglets on concrete, and the lowest of 6,100 from the gestating farm sows. Mean opg data revealed very little significant quantitative variation between the corresponding age groups of the free-ranging village pigs and the commercially-farmed ones. One of the most interesting findings in the study was that the sows were more frequently infected than all other age groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ovine coccidia in Papua New Guinea.

Eimeria oocysts were found in 89% of fecal samples collected from the rectum of 75 sheep from 3 locations in Papua New Guinea. Eighty five percent of the hosts which were positive for coccidia had multiple infections with up to 6 different species of Eimeria. In order of decreasing predominance in the 67 Eimeria-positive samples the species were: E. ovina (72%); E. parva (58%); E. ovinoidalis (48%); E. ahsata (45%); E. crandallis (39%); E. faurei (28%); E. intricata (24%); E. granulosa (4%). Fecal oocyst counts showed the highest mean of 1252 oocysts per gram (o.p.g.) for E. parva and a maximum of 8000 for E. ovina.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Coccidian parasites of birds of the avian order Columbiformes with a description of two new species of Eimeria.

Two new species of coccidia, Eimergia gourai sp. nov. from the Victoria crowned pigeon (Goura victoria Fraser) and Eimeria duculai sp.nov. from the Torres Strait imperial pigeon (Ducula spilorrhoa Gray) have been described. Eimeria gourai oocysts are spherical to sub-spherical in shape, measure 20.0 (19.0-22.0) x 20.0 (18.0-21.0) micrometer and are devoid of micropyle and oocyst residuum. Elongate sporocysts are 12.0 x 5.5 micrometer, and contain a granular residuum. Eimeria duculai oocysts are broadly ovoid with an inconspicuous micropyle at the narrower end. They are 28.0 (26.0-31.0) x 25.0 (23.0-27.0) microgram in size, without residuum but with a membrane-bound polar granule. The elongate sporocysts are 15.5 x 7.2 microgram, with prominent Stieda body and granular, membrane-bound residuum. The morphological characteristics of the known coccidian oocysts from birds of the avian order Columbiformes are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isospora gallicolumbae sp. n. from Beccari's ground dove (Gallicolumba beccarii Salvadori) in Papua New Guinea.

Isospora gallicolumbae sp. n. is described from Beccari's ground dove, Gallicolumba beccarii Salvadori, in Papua New Guinea. The ellipsoidal oocysts average 16.0 times 20.0 micron. The oocyst wall is light green, single-layered (approximately 0.8 micron), and becomes distorted within 10 min in sugar solution. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent; one polar granule is present. Sporocysts are ovoid, 8.0 times 12.0 micron, with prominent conical Stieda body. Sporocyst residuum is a spherical mass (approximately 5.0 micron) of lighter and darker granules. This is the first species of Isospora reported from a host in the avian order Columbiformes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Eimeria waiganiensis sp. n. from the green-winged ground dove (Chalcophaps indica Linnaeus) and the magnificent ground pigeon (Otidiphaps nobilis Gould) in Papua New Guinea.

Eimeria waiganiensis sp. n. is described from Green-winged ground dove (Chalcophaps indica Linnaeus) and the Magnificent ground pigeon (Otidiphaps nobilis Gould) in Papua New Guinea. Oocysts broadly ovoid, 22-25 by 19-23 micron (24 by 22 micron); L/W ratio 1.08-1.2 (1.1). Oocyst surface smooth, wall light brown, 1.5 micron thick, 1-layered, the inner surface appearing pitted. Micropyle (4-6 micron) and 2 to 4 polar granules present; oocyst residuum absent. Sporocysts ovoid, 9.0-10.5 by 6.0-7.5 micron (10 by 7 micron) with prominent conical Stieda body and small substieda body. Small, finely-granular sporocyst residuum is sanwiched between the sporozoites. The elongate-ovoid sporozoites possess distinct anterior and posterior refractile globules. Two of 4 ground doves and 1 of 3 ground pigeons were infected with E. waiganiensis sp. n.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Eimeria galateai sp. n. from the Paradise Kingfisher, and Eimeria duncani sp. n. from the Sacred Kingfisher in Papua New Guinea.

Eimeria galateai sp. n. from the paradise kingfisher (Tanysiptera galatea Gray) and Eimeria duncani sp. n. from the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta Vigors & Horsfield) have been described from Papua New Guinea. Four of 11 paradise kingfishers were infected with E. galateai oocysts, measuring 13 (11-16) X 9 (8-11) micron. The oocysts were ovoid with nipple-like protrusion at one pole. Micropyle and polar granule were absent, while oocyst residuum (5 X 4 micron) was present. Sporocysts, measuring 5 (4-6) X 2 micron, were elongate-ovoid, and had a distinct convex Stieda body; the sporocyst residuum was absent. Two of 9 sacred kingfishers were infected with ovoid-truncated, 22 (19-25) X 16 (12-18) micron oocysts of E. duncani. Polar granule (5 X 2) was present in the oocysts, but there was no micropyle or oocyst residuum. Sporocysts were ovoid, measuring 9 (8-10) X 5 (4-6) micron, with a prominent Stieda body, and granular sporocyst residuum. Eimeria galateai and E. duncani are the first species of this genus to be described from birds of the order Coraciiformes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Eimeria haematodi sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the rainbow lorikeet, Trichoglossus haematodus, in Papua New Guinea.

Eimeria haematodi sp. n. is described from the rainbow lorikeet, Trichoglossus haematodus, in Papua New Guinea. Oocysts ovoid to slightly pyriform, and measured 24.7 to 40.0 by 20.8 to 35.0 micronm (32.3 by 27.6 micronm). Oocyst wall approximately 1.5 micronm thick and two-layered. Micropyle (5 to 7 micronm) and oocyst residuum (10 to 12 micron) present; polar granule absent. Sporocysts ellipsoidal, 12.0 to 17.0 by 7.9 to 9.8 micronm (13.3 by 8.4 micronm), with thin convex Stieda body, and granular sporocyst residuum (4.0 to 5.0 micronm). Thirteen out of 30 wild lorikeets (43.3%) were infected with E. haematodi.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The fine structure of the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana. 4. Microgametogenesis.

The fine structure of the microgamonts and microgametes of Eimeria labbeana from the columnar epithelial cells of the ileal mucosa of experimentally infected pigeons, Columba livia, has been described and compared with that of similar stages in other species of Eimeria. The microgamonts averaged 8.0 X 10.0 mum (6.7-8.4 X 9.0-11.4 mum), had a maximum number of 27 nuclei each (0.8-1.0 X 1.0-1.3 mum), and showed various stages of mitotic nuclear divisions without the appearance of detectable mitotic spindles. Modification of the membrane of some of the nuclei into spirally coiled structures containing granular bodies resembling autophagosomes were observed. One pair, and occasionally two pairs of centrioles with the typical (9 + 1) microtubular composition were seen in association with some of the nuclei. Polysaccharide granules were seen in only about 5% of the more than 2,000 microgamonts studied. Cytomere formation was not observed but development of microgametes in association with intra-cytoplasmic spaces, and surface invaginations was frequently seen. Microgametes were elongate to slightly curved, averaged 3.1 X 1.2 mum (2.8-3.3 X 0.8-1.3 mum), and each was composed of an apical perforatorium, 2 basal bodies, 2 flagella, 4 microtubules located representing a third but rudimentary flagellum, a row of more than 15 short microtubules located laterally in the apical region, a large nucleus (1.7 X 0.8 mum), and a mitochondrion. Subfibrillar composition of the basal body and basal-plate region was observed. The microgametes of E. labbeana are the shortest and stoutest ever reported from the genus Eimeria. The maximum number of microgametes detected from any one section was thirty.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The fine structure of the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana. 3. Feeding Organelles.

The fine structure of the feeding organelles of the endogenous developmental stages of Eimeria labbeana from the ileal mucosa of the common Pigeon, Columba livia, is described and compared with similar structures of other species of Eimeria. Intra-cytoplasmic, membrane-bound vesicles of varying shapes and dimensions, and pinocytotic vesicle, were seen in association with cup-shaped or v-shaped invaginations in early schizonts, early macrogamonts, and macrogametes. Deep invaginations, averaging 1.7 x 0.5 mu in size, and found on the surface of early schizonts, early and young macrogamonts, and developing microgamonts, apparently function as organelles of ingestion and breakdown of host-cell cytoplasm. Micropores were rarely seen in schizonts and never in microgametes. The merozoite had one typical micropore (850 x 680 A) and a number of micropore-like invaginations. Micropores of the microgamonts averaged 610 x 580A, and those of macrogamonts and macrogametes averaged 1,220 x 780 A. A typical micropore was observed in an early oocyst. Intravacuolar tubules, each 580 A in diameter and composed of nine microtubule-like subunits, were observed only in about 1 per cent of the more than 4,000 macrogametes studied. This paper establishes that E. labbeana is a species that possesses all the known organelles associated with feeding, expect the intravacuolar folds.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The fine structure of the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana: 2. Mature macrogamonts and young oocysts.

The fine structure of the mature macrogamonts and intracellular oocysts of Eimeria labbeana from the ileal mucosa of experimentally infected Pigeons (Columbia livia) was investigated and described. The macrogamont reached a maximum size of 12.0 x 9.5 mum (average equals 10.8 x 8.8 mum), and was located within a narrow parasitophorus vacuole. Most of the macrogamonts were limited by two membranes. Intravacuolar tubules, 1.2 mum long and 58 nm in diameter, established direct connections between the parasite and the host cell. Each tabule was composed of 9 subunits arranged around the central lumen. Cytoplasmic canaliculi were composed of bundles of microtubule-like structures (8-10 nm wide). Type 1 wall-forming bodies reached a maximum size of 1.8 x 1.5 mum, and many had centric or eccentric electron transparent portions within them. They were frequently seen lodged within peripherally-located mitochondria. Type 2 wall-forming bodies averaged 1.5 mum in diameter. The role of the two types of wall-forming bodies in forming the outer and inner layers of the wall of the oocyst was similar to that in other species of Eimeria. The oocyst wall was 0.2 mum thick and composed of a limiting membrane (20 nm thick), an outer layer (75 nm thick), and an inner layer (100 nm thick).

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fine structure of the endogenous stages of Eimeria labbeana. I. The first generation merozoites.

The fine structure of the 1st generation merozoites of Eimeria labbeana from the ileal mucosa of artificially infected pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated and described. The 1st generation merozoites which appeared between 36-48 hr after infection averaged 4.4 times 2.1 mum in size. The 3-membraned pellicle was irregular in texture and harbored a single micropore, and many micropore-like invaginations. Closely apposed to the inner pellicular membrane were seen 22 microtubules, each 22-25 nm in diameter. An apical vesicle, 50 nm in diameter, seen at the anterior extremity, was connected with the common duct of the micronemes. The conoid consisted of 9 spiral elements, each 30 times 25 nm. The paired organelle (rhoptries) varied in length (1.4-2.2 mum), and the ductules (23 nm diameter) were composed of 2 inner tubules, each 6 nm in diameter. A unit membrane enveloped the partially alveolar and differentially osmiophilic interior of the bulbous regions of the rhoptries. The "rod-like structure" was found to be tubular and represented the common duct of the micronemes.

Animals↗