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Biomedical subjects

T V Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to T V Taylor.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of drugs on the pulmonary changes in experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat.

Respiratory complications of acute pancreatitis are well recognised and are closely related to a poor prognosis. Using an experimental model in the rat, a decrease in lung compliance and an increase in lung weight were produced in acute pancreatitis. The effects of dexamethasone, heparin, and aspirin on these changes were studied. The mean specific lung compliance was reduced by 16% in the pancreatitis group compared with the control group (p less than 0.05) and this change was abolished by dexamethasone (p less than 0.02), heparin (p less than 0.01), and aspirin (p less than 0.001). Percentage lung weight (as percentage of total body weight) was raised by 22% in the pancreatitis group compared with the sham operation group (p less than 0.01) and this change was abolished by heparin (p less than 0.01) and aspirin (p less than 0.05), but not affected by dexamethasone (p less than 0.5). The results indicate that 'stiff' and heavy lungs occur in experimental acute pancreatitis. The fact that these changes are abolished by heparin and improved by aspirin suggests that intrapulmonary fibrin deposition is a factor in the pathogenesis of the important respiratory complications of this condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

The use of doxapram in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications.

A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial has been conducted to assess the effect of doxapram hydrochloride infusions on pulmonary complications in patients undergoing extensive abdominal operations. For the purposes of this study, a pulmonary complication was defined as the production of purulent sputum or the presence of any abnormal clinical or roentgenologic chest signs. Of the 53 control patients, 41 had chest problems develop by these criteria, whereas the same was true of only 20 of the 40 patients receiving doxapram. The average duration of hospitalization was one day less for those receiving the drug.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Lymphoscintigraphy cannot diagnose breast cancer.

Axillary lymphoscintigraphy was performed by the technique of Agwunobi and Boak (1) in 68 patients with operable cancer of the breast and 11 patients with benign disease. Contrary to their previous report, scans were found to be indistinguishable from normal in the majority of breast cancer patients with interpretable scans, and no pattern of uptake was found which was typical of carcinoma in the corresponding breast.

Axilla↗
PubMed1981

Volvulus of the transverse colon.

Volvulus of the transverse colon is rare. Seven cases, 6 acute, are presented. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical management prevented complications. At laparatomy, extended right hemicolectomy or end colostomy and distal mucous fistula are the procedures of choice. Non-resection was associated with recurrence in three cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

'Currents and clots'--an approach to the problem of acute variceal bleeding.

The Sengstaken-Blakemore tube will frequently control haemorrhage from oesophageal varices but a large proportion of patients rebleed soon after removing the tube and the hospital mortality in these patients is high. It has been demonstrated that the passage of an electric current across a blood vessel wall will precipitate a thrombus on the positively charged electrode, leading to complete occlusion of the vessel. A direct current of 3.2 mA/cm2 of electrode passed for 1 h produced complete occlusion of the femoral vein in the dog, without arterial occlusion or adjacent tissue damage. A system of longitudinal flexible gold-plated strip electrodes was placed around the oesophageal component of a Sengstaken tube. The technique has been applied in 8 poor risk patients with active variceal bleeding; haemorrhage was arrested in 7 of these on removal of the tube.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Pulmonary function and fibrinogen metabolism in acute pancreatitis.

Respiratory complications were studied in 50 patients with acute pancreatitis, and the relationship of these complications to parameters of fibrinogen metabolism was investigated. The mean arterial P02 of the patients was 9.85 +/- 3.8 kPa (s.d.). Forty-three per cent of patients on admission were hypoxaemic. The mean PO2 was lower in patients who subsequently developed complications of acute pancreatitis (mean P02 7.85 +/- 1.42 kPa (s.d.), P less than 0.01). Vital capacity on admission was decreased by 50 per cent in 41 per cent of patients and by 20 per cent decrease in their vital capacity. Fibrinogen levels were elevated in 80 per cent of of patients on admission and there was a negative correlation between these levels and the arterial P02 (r = -0.6, P less than 0.001). Fibrinogen degradation products were elevated in 45 per cent of patients. The results confirm that marked lung damage occurs in acute pancreatitis and suggest that the effects are prolonged. The possibility that this damage may be related to pulmonary fibrin deposition is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

An evaluation of 99mTc pertechnetate scanning for the detection of coeliac disease and Crohn's disease.

To investigate the use of abdominal scintiscanning in the detection of small bowel pathology, the accumulation of pertechnetate (99mTc), following intravenous injection, has been studied in 21 patients with coeliac disease, 13 patients with Crohn's disease and in 83 control subjects without known small bowel disease. Although a trend for a greater accumulation of 99m Tc was noted in patients with coeliac disease and Crohn's disease compared with controls (P less than 0.025) there was a large overlap in individual studies. Under the conditions of this study the accumulation of 99mTc by the small bowel did not provide a reliable diagnostic test for coeliac disease or Crohn's disease of the small intestine. The accumulation of 99mTc pertechnetate by normal small bowel suggests that scintiscanning with this radiopharmaceutical does not provide a consistently reliable method for the detection of small bowel pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Postvagotomy and cholecystectomy syndrome.

Seventy-five patients with unsatisfactory results following vagotomy, drainage and cholecystectomy have been reviewed. The operations were performed together in 45 patients, vagotomy preceded cholecystectomy in 16 patients and cholecystectomy was performed before vagotomy in 14 patients. The interval between the two operations when cholecystectomy was performed first was 7.1 +/- 1.66 SE years, whereas when vagotomy was performed first this was 3.1 +/- 1.03 SE years (p less than 0.05). Forty-three patients had symptomatic bile reflux gastritis and 59 had postvagotomy diarrhea. Dumping, bilious vomiting and recurrent peptic ulceration occurred in 11 patients, nine and five patients, respectively, and were no more frequently encountered than would have been expected after vagotomy and drainage alone. In the light of the information derived from the addition of cholecystectomy to vagotomy and drainage a pathophysiology of postvagotomy diarrhea without dumping, and bile reflux gastritis without bilious vomiting or recurrent chronic peptic ulceration is postulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Non-invasive estimation of duodenogastric reflux using technetium-99m p-butyl-iminodiacetic acid.

Post-gastrectomy symptoms of dyspepsia, epigastric pain, nausea, and bilious vomiting have been ascribed to duodenogastric reflux. A noninvasive method, using the radiopharmaceutical technetium-99m p-butyl-iminodiacetic acid, has been developed to observe biliary excretion scintigraphically and to monitor its excretion. 10 controls and 45 patients after stomach operations were given the radiopharmaceutical intravenously and were scanned every 5 min for an hour, after which the site of the stomach was determined by asking the patient to drink technetium-99m in solution. Reflux was noted in 1 control, in 4 of 13 patients after highly selective vagotomy, in 8 of 17 patients following truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and in all of 15 patients after gastrectomy. The mean quantities of reflux in these four groups were 5%, 3.75%, 12.4%, and 44%, respectively. The study confirms that post-gastrectomy patients are more prone to enterogastric reflux and suggests that this form of scintigraphy may produce valuable clinical information.

Bile Reflux↗
PubMed1980

Alcohol and the emergency service patient.

To determine the prevalence of alcohol use in casualty patients breath-alcohol analysis was performed on 702 patients attending the accident and emergency department of a large teaching hospital during the evening. Forty per cent of patients had consumed alcohol before attending and 32% had a blood alcohol concentration exceeding 17.4 mmol/l (80 mg/100 ml). Clinical assessment of intoxication resulted in a false-negative diagnosis in 10% of inebriated patients, indicating that an objective measurement of the blood alcohol concentration by a test, such as breath-alcohol analysis, may be of additional value. These findings confirm that a high proportion of emergency-service patients are affected by alcohol and suggest that alcoholism treatment facilities need to be integrated with accident and emergency services.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Prediction of axillary metastases in breast cancer by lymphoscintigraphy.

A new technique of axillary lymphoscintigraphy has been investigated in thirty patients with breast carcinoma. Intradermal injection of 100 muCi technetium-99m antimony sulphide colloid in 0.1 ml buffer produced satisfactory scans of axillary lymph-nodes in twenty-seven patients (90%). Ten patients with node metastases from breast cancer (9 confirmed histologically) had a defect in the lower axillary uptake on the side of the lesion. Three of the remaining seventeen patients with breast cancer and normal scans had nodal metastases seen histologically, but in two these were micro-metastases only. Axillary lymphoscintigraphy improved considerably the clinical assessment of node status, and corrected the clinical classification in five of six patients who had been misclassified by clinical examination.

Axilla↗
PubMed1980

Pancreatic-duct reflux in patients with gallstone pancreatitis?

The pathogenesis of gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial and current thinking supports duodenopancreatic-duct reflux after the passage of a gallstone into the duodenum. A consecutive series of 292 operative cholangiograms was studied: the presence of pancreatic-duct reflux, common-bileduct diameter, presence of gallstones, and duodenal filling were recorded. Of 21 patients who had previously had an attack of acute pancreatitis 11 had pancreatic-duct reflux on their operative cholangiograms (52.4%), whereas of 271 patients who had no history of pancreatic disease, pancreatic-duct reflux occurred in 45 (16.6%). 6 of 11 men with pancreatic-duct reflux had previously had acute pancreatitis, compared with 5 of 45 women. There was no significant correlation between the presence of pancreatic-duct reflux and common-bileduct stones, bileduct diameter, absence of duodenal filling, or history of jaundice. The increased tendency for pancreatic-duct reflux to occur in patients with gallstone pancreatitis is independent of duodenopancreatic-duct reflux and may not be related to the presence or recent passage of common-bileduct stones.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

An evaluation of 99Tcm-labelled HIDA in hepatobiliary scanning.

99Tcm-labelled HIDA administered intravenously is promptly taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile duct and gallbladder. In this study the use of this agent in hepatoscintigraphy was evaluated. Thirty patients with a variety of hepatobiliary pathology were studied. After an overnight fast 2 mCi of 99Tcm HIDA were given intravenously and the patient was scanned continuously for 1 h. A rapid outline of the liver and biliary tract was usually obtained and the T 1/2 of the tracer in the blood stream was 20 min. In total obstructive jaundice, isotope was excreted through the renal tract without visualization of the liver. Hepatoscintigraphy was compared with conventional radiographs and ultrasonography in 19 patients presenting an emergencies with suspected hepatobiliary disease and was found to be comparable to the latter modes of investigation. In the jaundiced patients hepatoscintigraphy was inferior to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and to ultrasonography. No adverse side effects have followed the use of the radiopharmaceutical.

Adolescent↗