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Biomedical subjects

T V Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to T V Stanley.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Haemophilus influenzae type b cellulitis.

Five cases of cellulitis due to H influenzae type b in children are described. Cellulitis due to H influenzae type b should be treated in hospital using parenteral antibiotics in appropriate dosage to cross the blood brain barrier; it is recommended a lumbar puncture is performed in all cases of cellulitis in under two year olds, both to exclude meningitis and to allow the giving of steroids immediately prior to starting the first dose of antibiotics. Index cases and close contacts should be offered chemoprophylaxis to prevent spread of the organism. It seems likely that a vaccine against H influenzae b, effective in under two year olds, will become available in the next few years.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed1991

Viral and bacterial infection in childhood: the value of C reactive protein.

In 199 children with acute infections admitted to an acute general paediatric ward, the serum C reactive protein (CRP) level, using a simple latex agglutination kit, was compared with standard haematological parameters in distinguishing children with viral and bacterial infections. CRP levels proved superior to any haematological parameters singly or in combination in distinguishing these groups. A CRP level of 1:4 identified all but 13% of children with viral infections and excluded all but 15% of children with bacterial infections. The sensitivity of the test was 87%, the specificity 85%. The positive and negative predictive values were 95% and 74% respectively. Combined haematology, using total white cell count, total neutrophil count and percentage neutrophils, misclassified 26% of patients. CRP estimation could potentially help reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescription and shorten hospitalisation in febrile children. Its use in a general practice setting deserves further study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Rett syndrome: case reports and review.

Rett syndrome consists of a progressive encephalopathy and psychomotor deterioration in young females who have appeared clinically normal until between six and eighteen months of age. The syndrome has incidence similar to that of phenylketonuria and autism in females. It has been widely recognised only since 1983. After six months of age head growth decelerates associated eventually with severe dementia, and autism, apraxia, stereotypic "hand washing" movements and loss of previously acquired skills occurs. Supportive symptoms may include breathing dysfunction, seizures, EEG abnormalities, and growth retardation. Occurrence indicates sporadic new mutations as a cause. The case histories of two patients diagnosed in New Zealand are described.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1988

Results of a mass screening program for colorectal cancer.

Following a series of educational newscasts about colorectal cancer that were aired on a local television news program, stool guaiac slide kits were distributed on request to 72,000 persons in Memphis. One or more slides were positive In 1310 (6%) of the 23,000 kits returned. Of the 1310 individuals with positive cultures, 597 (45%) saw a physician for further evaluation. Sixty-five of these persons received inadequate evaluations. Of the 532 individuals (90%) who received adequate evaluations, 154 (26%) had no evidence of pathology that would account for occult blood. Of the remaining 443 persons, 26 were found to have colorectal cancer, and 20 of these 26 persons were found to have surgically amenable lesions (Dukes' stages A through B2). In addition, 67 potentially precancerous polyps were found. Mass screening for colorectal cancer using guaiac slide tests, coupled with patient compliance for a screening protocol and adequate follow-up evaluation, has the potential to identify and treat early colorectal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Chlormethiazole: an effective oral sedative for cranial CT scans in children.

Oral chlormethiazole was assessed as an alternative form of sedation for cranial computerized axial tomography in children aged 0-9 years. It was found to be highly effective with a rapid onset of action, brief period of action and no side effects. It was found to be preferable to intramuscular lytic cocktail, being particularly suitable for day cases. Chlormethiazole might lend itself to use in other non-painful procedures in childhood.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and radiology in the elderly.

The results of oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) and radiology in one hundred consecutive elderly patients were reviewed to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of endoscopy in this age group. False positive radiological features occurred in two of nine patients with normal endoscopic examinations. The remaining ninety-one patients had 138 lesions, sixty-four of which were diagnosed by both techniques. Endoscopy missed fourteen lesions partly because of unsuccessful intubation (one patient) or incomplete examinations due to obstructive lesions (eight patients). Radiology misdiagnosed or did not demonstrate sixty-one lesions. OGD proved to be safe and relatively well tolerated; it was invaluable at confirming or refuting the diagnosis of malignancy, at detecting multiple pathology and identifying bleeding lesions, but it gave inferior results with hiatus herniae. Thus it can usefully be undertaken in the elderly as a complementary examination to radiology.

Aged↗