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Biomedical subjects

T Uehara

Publications and source records attributed to T Uehara.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Relationship between stress coping and personality in patients with major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Stress coping is defined as a behavioral or cognitive response of an individual to uncomfortable or difficult situations. It has been suggested that coping, like personality, is related to the pathology and course of mental disorders. Accordingly, we here used a clinical sample to investigate the relationships between coping strategies and personality traits. METHODS: Subjects were 60 outpatients who were in remission from major depressive disorder and who completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and the Munich Personality Test (MPT). RESULTS: Task-oriented coping showed a positive correlation with extraversion and frustration tolerance. Emotion-oriented coping was closely associated with neuroticism, esoteric tendencies and isolation tendency. Avoidance-oriented coping was related to extraversion. Principal component analysis indicated three corresponding factors between coping and personality; one was related to psychopathology (loading from the neuroticism, esoteric tendencies and isolation tendency scales of the MPT, and from the emotion-oriented coping scale of the CISS), a second was a social-adaptive ability component (loading from the frustration tolerance and extraversion scales of the MPT, and from the task-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented coping scales of the CISS), and a third was a passive-avoidance coping component (loaded from the emotion-oriented coping and avoidance-oriented coping scales of the CISS only). CONCLUSION: Some personality traits such as extraversion and frustration tolerance are significantly related to task-oriented coping, and psychopathological personality traits such as neuroticism are associated with emotional-oriented coping in major depressive disorder.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Risk factors for silent cerebral infarcts in subcortical white matter and basal ganglia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the relevant risk factors for silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) in subcortical white matter (WM) are different from those in the basal ganglia (BG). METHODS: Subjects of this study were 219 adults without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and without any abnormality on a neurological examination who consecutively visited the neurology service in our hospital between January 1994 and November 1997 requesting medical evaluation for possible cerebrovascular diseases. Subjects included 141 men and 78 women ranging in age from 33 to 83 years (mean+/-SD, 63.2+/-9.5 years). We performed brain MRIs and cervical/cranial MR angiographies on all subjects. In this study, SCI was defined as a focal lesion >5 mm in diameter that was prolonged on both T2-weighted and proton density images. RESULTS: SCIs in the WM and/or BG were detected in 88 (40.2%) of the 219 subjects. No SCI >15 mm was observed in this series. Fifty of the subjects had SCIs only in the WM, 32 subjects had SCIs in both the WM and BG, and 6 subjects had SCIs only in the BG. Thus, 82 (93.2%) of 88 subjects with SCIs had lesions in the WM. Most subjects with SCIs in the BG also had SCIs in the WM. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that age, female sex, and hypertension were significant and independent predictors of SCIs in the WM, and that age, a history of ischemic heart disease, and carotid artery stenosis were significant and independent predictors of SCIs in the BG. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that the relevant risk factors for SCIs in the WM and those for SCI in the BG were different. Our results suggest that SCIs are prone to first appear in the WM in association with aging and hypertension, and the additional appearance of SCIs in the BG predicts a progression of generalized atherosclerosis that is manifested in the carotid and coronary arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[The intracellular mechanism of NF-kappa B activation involved in iNOS and chemokine induction in C6 glioma cells].

To elucidate the intracellular mechanism of NF-kappa B activation, we performed the involvement of I kappa B alpha of NF-kappa B in the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and chemokine (CINC) following pretreatment with bacterial endotoxin (LPS) or IL-1 beta, respectively, using rat C6 glioma cells. We found that herbimycin A, a tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor, blocked: 1) LPS/IFN gamma-induced iNOS expression, 2) LPS-induced intranuclear translocation of activated NF-kappa B (p50. p65) and 3) IFN gamma-induced autophosphorylation and activation of Jak 2 and Stat 1 as well as intranuclear translocation of phosphorylated Stat 1. Furthermore, transfection of a dominant negative form of I kappa B alpha (SS-->AA) suppressed LPS/IFN gamma-induced iNOS expression, suggesting that NF-kappa B, in particular, I kappa B alpha molecules could play important roles in the iNOS expression. We also found in IL-1 beta-induced CINC expression using cultured C6 glioma cells, the transient translocation of NF-kappa B in response to IL-1 beta is partly dependent on transient proteasome activation. Thus we suggest that the formation of heterodimer p50.p65 from inactive trimer p50.p65.I kappa B alpha, particularly, proteolytic degradation and dissociation of I kappa B alpha from p50.p65 are a critical phase in NF-kappa B activation during LPS-induced iNOS and IL-1 beta-induced CINC expression in astroglial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cloning of Bacillus stearothermophilus ctaA and heme A synthesis with the CtaA protein produced in Escherichia coli.

The Bacillus stearothermophilus ctaA gene, which is required for heme A synthesis, was found upstream of the ctaBCDEF/caaEABCD gene cluster as in B. subtilis and B. firmus. The deduced protein sequence indicate that CtaA is a 35-kDa intrinsic membrane protein with seven hydrophobic segments. Alignment of CtaA sequences showed conserved residues including histidines that may be involved in heme B binding and substrate binding. Expression of ctaA in E. coli resulted in increased formation of a membrane-bound b-type cytochrome, heme A production, and severe growth inhibition. Furthermore, B. stearothermophilus CtaA produced in E. coli was found to catalyze the conversion of heme O to heme A in vitro.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Enhanced myocardial glucose use in patients with a deficiency in long-chain fatty acid transport (CD36 deficiency).

UNLABELLED: CD36 is a multifunctional, 88 kDa glycoprotein that is expressed on platelets and monocytes/macrophages. CD36 also has high homology with the long-chain fatty acid (LFA) transporter in the myocardium. Although platelet and monocyte CD36 levels can indicate a CD36 deficiency, they cannot predict specific clinical manifestations in the myocardium of a given person. We examined the hypothesis that a deficiency in LFA transport augments myocardial glucose uptake in patients with a type I CD36 deficiency. METHODS: Seven fasting patients with a type I CD36 deficiency and 9 controls were assessed by cardiac radionuclide imaging using beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) as a LFA tracer and by PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). RESULTS: None of the patients with a CD36 deficiency showed myocardial uptake of BMIPP. The percentage dose uptake of BMIPP in these subjects was significantly lower than that in normal controls (1.31+/-0.24 versus 2.90+/-0.2; P < 0.005). PET studies revealed that myocardial FDG accumulation was substantially increased in patients with a CD36 deficiency. Quantitative analysis showed that the percentage dose uptake of FDG in patients with a CD36 deficiency was significantly higher than that in normal controls (1.28+/-0.35 versus 0.43+/-0.22; P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: CD36 functions as a major myocardial LFA transporter and its absence may cause a compensatory upregulation of myocardial glucose uptake.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

UFT plus cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

A phase II study of combined-modality treatment consisting of uracil and tegafur (in a molar ratio of 4:1 [UFT]) plus cisplatin (Platinol) and concurrent radiotherapy was conducted to evaluate the activity of this regimen in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Eligible patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed, unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer received UFT (400 mg/m2 orally on days 1 through 52) and cisplatin (80 mg/m2 intravenously on days 8, 29, and 50). Radiotherapy, with a total dose of 60.8 Gy, was delivered in 38 fractions on days 1 through 52. Among the 17 patients entered, 16 experienced partial responses (94%; 95% confidence interval, 83% to 100%). The median time to tumor progression was 30 weeks (range, 8 to 87 weeks), and the 1-year survival rate was 80%. Hematologic toxicity was moderate. Grade 3 leukopenia occurred in 10 patients (59%), but no grade 4 hematologic toxicity was observed. No grades 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicities were reported. These observations suggest that oral UFT plus cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy can be safely administered to patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The demonstrated antitumor activity is high, making this combined-modality treatment worthy of further investigation in a multi-institution trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Validity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging with a dual-head coincidence gamma camera for detection of myocardial viability.

UNLABELLED: This study investigated the validity of myocardial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging with a dual-head gamma camera operated in coincidence detection mode (DCD-I) by comparing this technique with conventional PET and SPECT with ultra-high-energy general-purpose collimators (UHGPs). METHODS: The subjects included 5 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with a history of myocardial infarction. FDG (370 MBq) was injected intravenously after 75-g oral glucose loading, and PET, UHGP SPECT and DCD-I were performed 45, 60 and 210 min, respectively, after the injection. The target-to-background ratio of each imaging method was evaluated for the healthy volunteers by comparing myocardial uptake with uptake in the upper lungs or left ventricular cavity. Agreement between the results of the various imaging methods was investigated for the myocardial infarction patients, as was the validity of DCD-I for assessing myocardial viability as judged by comparison with myocardial perfusion SPECT. The left ventricular wall was divided into 18 regions, and uptake was evaluated using a five-grade defect score (0 = normal; 1-3 = low uptake; 4 = defect). RESULTS: The mean ratio of myocardial counts to lung counts was lower on the DCD images (2.77 +/- 1.12) than on the UHGP SPECT images (3.69 +/- 0.98) (P < 0.05). In contrast, the mean ratio of myocardial counts to left ventricular cavity counts was higher on the DCD images (2.76 +/- 1.36) than on the UHGP SPECT images (1.98 +/- 0.70) (P < 0.05). For the patients, only 30.6% of the defect scores obtained by DCD-I agreed with the scores obtained by PET, and the defect scores in the inferior and septal walls were higher for the DCD images than for the PET images. When DCD-I was compared with PET without attenuation correction (AC), agreement improved to 58.3%. When corrected by a modified AC method, DCD-I improved to 48.1%. Agreement between UHGP SPECT and PET was 55.0%. Of the segments (64) for which the defect score of the myocardial perfusion image was greater than that for the FDG PET image, DCD-I without AC, DCD-I with AC and UHGP SPECT allowed an accurate diagnosis in 12 (18.8%), 31 (48.4%) and 43 (67.2%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The image quality of DCD-I is superior to that of UHGP SPECT. However, because the effect of attenuation is marked, accurate AC, by the transmission method, for example, is required to equal the validity of PET.

Female↗
PubMed1999

[A case of transitional cell carcinoma presenting as rupture of a renal arteriovenous malformation].

A 76-year-old man was seen at this hospital for the treatment of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Retrograde pyelography revealed a filling defect in the left lower calyx. The diagnosis was left renal pelvic carcinoma by urinary cytology. The patient underwent left nephrouretectomy with partial cystectomy. Hemosiderin accumulation on histological examination demonstrated an arteriovenous malformation in the left lower calyx. Transitional cell carcinoma was confirmed apart from the arteriovenous malformation, and no relation between the two was seen. These findings suggest the coexistence of a renal arteriovenous malformation with a renal pelvic and ureteral carcinoma. Hematuria was due probably to rupture of the renal arteriovenous malformation.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Outpatient chemotherapy with oral UFT (tegafur and uracil) and cisplatin against metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma--an effective case].

A 64-year-old man underwent a left pneumonectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the left lung in July 1995. In May 1996, right pelvic bone metastasis occurred and was well controlled by the concurrent chemoradiotherapy; UFT (600 mg/body, day 1-14) and cisplatin (80 mg/m2, day 8) with a total 50.4 Gy of irradiation. In August 1996, left renal metastasis occurred, but regressed after two cycles of combination chemotherapy with UFT and cisplatin. In January 1997, multiple lung metastasis occurred. In accordance with the patient's request, combination chemotherapy was performed at the outpatient clinic. UFT (250 mg/m2) was given orally every day while cisplatin (60-80 mg/m2), fractionated in 3 or 5 days, was intravenously administered at an interval of 4 weeks or longer. The patient has continued the treatment for one year without serious (G3, 4) adverse events. During the treatment, the tumor growth was slow with a repeated cycle of progression and regression. The outpatient chemotherapy using UFT and cisplatin is considered to be useful, especially for the better quality of life of patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Hypoxia induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells by caspase activation accompanying cytochrome c release from mitochondria.

We have attempted to elucidate the mechanism of apoptotic cell death induced by hypoxia (very low oxygen conditions) in neuronal cells. Human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells under hypoxic conditions resulted in apoptosis in a time-dependent manner estimated by DNA fragmentation assay and nuclear morphology stained with fluorescent chromatin dye. Pretreatment with Z-Asp-CH2-DCB, a caspase inhibitor, suppressed the DNA ladder in response to hypoxia in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase in caspase-3-like protease (DEVDase) activity was observed during apoptosis, but no caspase-1 activity (YVADase) was detected. To confirm the involvement of caspase-3 during apoptosis, Western blot analysis was performed using anti-caspase-3 antibody. The 20- and 17-kDa proteins, corresponding to the active products of caspase-3, were generated in hypoxia-challenged lysates in which processing of the full length form of caspase-3 was evident. With a time course similar to this caspase-3 activation, hypoxic stress caused the cleavage of PARP, yielding an 85-kDa fragment typical of caspase activity. In addition, caspase-2 was also activated by hypoxia, and the stress elicited the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol during apoptosis. These results suggest that caspase activation and cytochrome c release play roles in hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1998

D-serine content and D-[3H]serine binding in the brain regions of the senescence-accelerated mouse.

An established senescence-accelerated model mouse strain, SAMP8, shows the deterioration of learning and memory compared with a normal control strain, SAMR1. D-Serine binds to strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, and enhances glutamate binding to the receptor complex. To investigate the relationship of endogenous brain D-serine and the brain dysfunction caused by aging, the level of brain free D-serine and the D-[3H]serine binding to the brain samples were examined using the SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice. The free D-serine level was highest in the cerebral frontal and occipital cortices in both the SAMP8 and SAMR1; no difference in the D-serine level was shown between the two strains. A receptor autoradiographical analysis showed that the D-[3H]serine binding to the brain section was highest in the hippocampus, and the binding in the SAMP8 brains was lower than that of the SAMR1. The D-[3H]serine binding to the crude cerebral membranes indicated that the value of the total binding sites for the SAMP8 was lower than that for the SAMR1, whereas the value of the dissociation constant Kd for the SAMP8 was similar to that of the SAMR1. These results suggest that the number of D-[3H]serine binding sites was decreased in the SAMP8 compared to the SAMR1, but the affinity of D-[3H]serine to the binding sites was not altered. These results support the view that a decrease of NMDA receptor complex is involved in the age-related neural dysfunction of SAMP8 mice.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

X-ray contact microscopy system for spectromicroscopy of biological specimens.

An X-ray contact microscopy system has been developed for the study of molecular and elemental distributions in biological specimens based on X-ray absorption characteristics. The system consists of a chamber for measuring XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) of biomolecules, and a contact microscopy system for dried specimens with an electronic zooming tube. With this system the elemental distribution of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, Ca and Fe in an HeLa cell has been studied, and the DNA-related image using a peak from the XANES profile of the DNA at the K-absorption edge of phosphorus has been obtained.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Rapid Intraoperative Scrape Cytology Assessment of Surgical Margins in Breast Conservation Surgery.

Rapid intraoperative scrape cytologic examination for diagnosing surgical margin involvement of specimens obtained by breast conservation surgery was evaluated. Four surgical margins(nipple side, two lateral sides and distal side)of the removed breast tissue were cytologically examined and histologically compared following segmentectomy in 50 breast cancer patients(200 margins). Intraductal carcinoma had a tendency to spread most extensively to the nipple, compared with other margins. The margin positive rate of tumors with ductal spread(DS)of over 20mm was significantly higher than in tumors with a DS under 20 mm(52.2% vs 7.4%)(P < 0.001). of 50 canditates 10 patients underwent total mastectomy due to positive margins on repeat cytologic examination after re-excision. Four of the 10 patients had an extensive intraductal component on microscopy. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of cytology were 96.4 %, 90.7% and 91.5%, respectively.Scrape cytology is useful to determine surgical margin involvement after segmentectomy for breast cancer, although overestimation of involvement will tend to result.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Induction of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in response to various stresses in rat C6 glioma cells.

The effect of stress on the production of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) was examined in rat C6 glioma cells. We studied the production of CINC, an interleukin-8 (IL-8) family protein, with bacterial endotoxin, H2O2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Each stress induced CINC mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner. Since stress activates the protein kinases regulating nuclear transcription factors, we examined the effects of protein kinase inhibitors and the over-expression of dominant-negative Ras on CINC mRNA expression. Neither over-expression of dominant-negative Ras nor pretreatment with PD98059 (MEK-1 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor), or GF109203X (protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) altered stress-induced CINC mRNA expression. This suggests that the Ras-MAPK, p38MAPK, and PKC pathways are not involved in CINC mRNA expression in glial cells. On the other hand, pretreatment with herbimycin A, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or Ro31-8220, a non-selective serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, suppressed stress-induced CINC mRNA expression. This indicates that stress-induced CINC mRNA expression is mediated by herbimycin A-, or Ro31-8220-sensitive kinases in glial cells. Since stress activates NF-kappaB and NF-IL6, we examined that the effect of herbimycin A, which suppresses CINC mRNA expression, on NF-kappaB and NF-IL6 activation. Herbimycin A suppressed NF-kappaB but not NF-IL6. These results suggest that in rat glial cells, the factors that induce CINC mRNA expression are mediated by herbimycin A-sensitive NF-kappaB activation, but not through the PKC, Ras-MAPK or p38 MAPK pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Parental Bonding Instrument and the Inventory to Diagnose Depression Lifetime version in a volunteer sample of Japanese workers.

This study replicated the factor structure of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and explored the relationships of PBI scores to demographic variables. We investigated the association between parental bonding in the parents measured by the PBI, and lifetime history of depression in their children assessed by the Inventory to Diagnose Depression Lifetime version (IDDL) in a volunteer sample of 239 Japanese workers. In factor analyses with varimax rotation (two-factor solution), the PBI items for both parents showed clear bimodality, and the total variance explained by the two factors was similar to that found in previous Western studies. Subjects with a lifetime history of depression reported a significantly lower score on maternal care than did those without a lifetime history of depression. Without requiring 2 weeks symptom duration on the IDDL, low maternal care was also related to a history of depression. The relationships between PBI scores and age, education, sex of respondent, and sex of parent differed in part from those in Western subjects. These results suggested the following: (1) child-rearing behaviors in non-Western cultures can be, similarly to those in Western cultures, described with the PBI; (2) parental styles, as measured by the PBI, may be associated with depression in non-Western subjects; and (3) sociodemographic influences on PBI scores may be different in subjects with different cultural backgrounds.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Suppression of proliferative cholangitis in a rat model with direct adenovirus-mediated retinoblastoma gene transfer to the biliary tract.

Proliferative cholangitis (PC) associated with hepatolithiasis develops the stricture of main bile ducts, and is the main cause of residual and/or recurrent stones after repeated treatments for hepatolithiasis. The aim of this study was to inhibit PC using the cytostatic gene therapy with direct adenovirus-mediated retinoblastoma (Rb) gene transfer to the biliary tract. PC was induced by introducing a fine nylon thread into the bile duct in a rat model. The adenovirus vector encoding a nonphosphorylatable, constitutively active form of retinoblastoma gene product (AdRb) was administered directly into the biliary tract. The adenovirus vector encoding beta-galactosidase (AdlacZ) was also given as a control. The bile duct wall thickness and 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index were compared among uninfected, AdlacZ-infected, and AdRb-infected PC rats. The Rb expression in the bile duct was detected using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical study. AdRb-infected bile ducts showed inhibition of the epithelial and fibrous tissue proliferation and the peribiliary gland hyperplasia, resulting in a significant reduction of wall thickness compared with uninfected and AdlacZ-infected ones. The BrdU labeling index was 4.87% +/- 3.06% in the AdRb-infected bile ducts, while those of uninfected and AdlacZ-infected ones were 15.48% +/- 4.61% and 11.72% +/- 1.23%, respectively (P < .05). In conclusion, our cytostatic gene therapy approach using direct Rb gene transfer into the biliary tract suppressed PC in a rat model and may offer an effective therapeutic option for reducing recurrences following treatments against hepatolithiasis.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1998

Leiomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix.

The clinicopathologic features of a patient with uterine leiomyosarcoma arising in the cervix are presented. A 47-year-old Japanese woman was admitted with complaints of hypermenorrhea and abdominal distention. A hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy revealed a tumor weighing 10.5 kg, which was the largest cervical leiomyosarcoma reported in the literature. She was given eight courses of combination chemotherapy (VADIC and Hydroxyurea, DTIC, Etoposide) and is alive without evidence of recurrence 35 months after the initial therapy.

Female↗