Chemistry and developments of fluorinated carbohydrates.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
T Tsuchiya
Publications and source records attributed to T Tsuchiya.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for four subunits of cytochrome c oxidase from the thermophilic bacterium PS3.
The gene coding for four subunits of cytochrome aa3-type oxidase was isolated from a genomic DNA library of the thermophilic bacterium PS3 and sequenced. The N-terminus of each subunit was also sequenced to verify the initiation site of the reading frame. The deduced amino acid sequences contained 615 amino acid residues for subunit I (CO1/caaB product), 333 residues for subunit II (CO2/caaA product), 207 residues for subunit III (CO3/caaC product), and 109 residues for subunit IV (CO4/caaD product) after processing. Re-examination of the sequencing of caa revealed a longer open reading frame for CO1, which contains 14 transmembrane segments instead of 12 [Sone et al. (1988) J. Biochem. 103, 606-610], although the main portions of the sequences constituting cytochrome a (FeA), cytochrome a3 (FeB), and CuB are correct. PS3 CO2 has an additional sequence for cytochrome c after the CuA binding protein portion with 2 transmembrane segments, which is homologous to the mitochondrial counterpart. PS3 CO3 has DCCD-binding glutamyl residues but contains only 5 transmembrane segments, unlike the mitochondrial counterpart, which has 7 segments. The subunits of PS3 cytochrome oxidase (aa3-type) show clear similarity in amino acid sequences with those of cytochrome bo-type oxidase from Escherichia coli as well, in spite of the difference of hemes. PS3 CO3 and CO4 are much more similar to E. coli CO3 and CO4 than to mitochondrial CO3 and CO4, respectively.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
An autopsy case of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist.
A case of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma in a radiation technologist, who had worked in this field for 34 years, is reported. Histopathologically, a biopsy specimen from the retroperitoneal tumor revealed a biphasic type of malignant mesothelioma. Electron microscopy disclosed that the tumor cells contained prominent microvilli, basal laminae adjacent to the stroma, junctional complexes, desmosomes, tonofilaments, clusters of glycogen granules, well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), confronting cisternae showing direct continuity with the RER and membrane-bound granules suggestive of secretory activity. No increased amount of asbestos was detected in autopsied lung material or the peritoneal mesothelioma. The estimated cumulative dose of occupational irradiation was calculated to be about 40 to 50 rad at most. Irradiation was discussed in relation to the etiology of the peritoneal mesothelioma.
Autopsy↗
[Human respiratory tract infection by Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida presumably derived from the cat].
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative short rod-shaped bacteria that has been recognized as a pathogen of hemorrhagic septicemia and fowl cholera in the veterinary medicine. Infections by this microorganism as seen in the foreign literature vary widely from local infections due to bites and scratches by animals to general infections such as infections of the respiratory tract, sepsis, and meningitis. In Japan, reported cases of P. multocida infections are predominantly local infections, followed by respiratory infection. Recently, death of diabetic patients due to septicemia by this pathogen has also been reported. In this study, we experienced a case of respiratory tract infection in which the pathogen P. multocida subsp. multocida was suggested to have been transmitted from a pet cat by the agreement of the serotype of the bacterial isolates between the patient and the cat. This case was evaluated from the zoonotic viewpoint. The patient was a 68-year-old male who had been followed up since 1982 with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis. After his referral to our hospital, P. multocida subsp. multocida was isolated from his bloody sputum and, then, from the cat kept by the patient. The tow isolates were identical in terms of the biochemical properties, drug susceptibility profile, and serotype (-:1), and the derivation of P. multocida subsp. multocida infection from cat was established for the first time in this report. The incidence of P. multocida infections is increasing in Japan, and particular attention is considered to be needed about these conditions as zoonoses as indicated in "Preventive Measures against Zoonoses Derived from Pet Animals (Dog, Cat)", an official communication from the Ministry of Health and Welfare to related institutions in 1989. Also, to check whether the patient keeps any pet at the clinical inquiry is a practice of bacteriological importance in all fields of medicine.
Aged↗
Effect of acidosis on intracellular pH and calcium concentration in the newborn and adult rabbit myocardium.
This study investigated developmental changes in the effect of acidosis on intracellular pH (pHi) and [Ca]i in the isolated heart and isolated myocyte preparations. The whole heart or myocytes of newborn (5-7 days old) and adult rabbits were loaded with the fluorescent pH indicator 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcium indicator fura-2. Left ventricular pressure in the isolated heart preparation and the magnitude of cell contraction in the single-cell preparation were monitored. The heart and single cell were illuminated with excitation lights (340 and 380 nm, respectively, for fura-2 and 438 and 490 nm for BCECF). The intensity of fluorescence from the ventricular surface or from the cell was detected. [Ca]i was estimated from the following ratio: fluorescence at 505 nm during excitation at 340 nm/fluorescence at 505 nm during excitation at 380 nm. pHi was estimated from the following ratio: fluorescence at 530 nm during excitation at 490 nm/fluorescence at 530 nm during excitation at 438 nm. In the newborn, depression of contractile function during respiratory acidosis or metabolic acidosis was less than in the adult. Diastolic and systolic [Ca]i increased during respiratory acidosis in both the newborn and adult, and the net changes in [Ca]i were similar in the two age groups. During respiratory or metabolic acidosis, pHi decreased, but the decrease in the newborn was significantly less than in the adult. These data suggest that the greater resistance of the newborn myocardium to acidosis is due to the smaller change of pHi in this age group and not due to the difference in [Ca]i alteration.
Acidosis↗
Regression of intracardiac thrombus after embolic stroke.
Using two-dimensional echocardiography, we studied the pathophysiology of intracardiac thrombus regression accompanied by anticoagulant therapy in 82 consecutive patients with acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism. We noted intracardiac thrombus in 15 patients; nine of the 15 were started on anticoagulant therapy with warfarin potassium to maintain the prothrombin time between 2.5 and 3.5 (international normalized ratio). Serial two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained for these nine patients before and after anticoagulation, with the plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A, fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42, and D-dimer measured at the same time. In eight of the nine patients the intracardiac thrombi gradually decreased in size while the plasma level of fibrinopeptide A fell to within the normal range and the plasma levels of fibrinopeptide B beta 15-42 and D-dimer remained above the normal ranges. In the other patient the thrombus disappeared, with embolization to the right arm immediately after starting anticoagulant therapy. Mobile or small thrombi regressed earlier than nonmobile or large ones. We conclude that regression of intracardiac thrombi after anticoagulation may be based on the relative predominance of plasma fibrinolytic activity over anticoagulation-inhibited thrombin activity.
Aged↗
Characteristics of the H(+)-translocating adenosine triphosphatase of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
We have characterized H(+)-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in membrane vesicles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The ATPase required high concentrations (about 0.5 M) of Na2SO4 (or other salts) for its maximum activity. Magnesium ion stimulated the ATPase activity, but Ca2+ did not. The activity of ATPase was inhibited by tetrachlorosalicylanilide, an H+ conductor, but not by another H+ conductor, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone. The activity was strongly inhibited by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or Zn2+, and partially inhibited by azide, but not at all by vanadate.
Cell Membrane↗
Biological assessment of the enhancement of tritium excretion by administration of diuretics and excessive water in mice.
This study was undertaken to determine whether or not the administration of diuretics and excess water after tritium exposure would have any positive reducing effect not only on the retention of tritium but also on the radiation damage of hematopoietic tissue in mice. When mice were treated with diuretics and excess water for a few days after injection of tritiated water (HTO), radioactivity within the body fluid and tissues was reduced, and the number of CFU-s, clonability of splenic T cells and proliferative activity assayed by Con-A blastogenesis were increased in comparison with those in the controls. When the mice were injected with a large dose of HTO (811 MBq/mouse) to assay survival, no mice treated with diuretic and excess water died 80 days after injection, while 80% of the controls died during the first month. The final committed dose in the mice treated early with diuretics was calculated to be 60% of that in the controls. These results suggest that treatment with diuretics and excess water is useful for practical purposes when a human is accidentally exposed to tritium.
Animals↗
Increased plasma glucagon-like immunoreactivity in dogs with ileojejunal transposition.
To elucidate hormonal and metabolic changes in intestinal adaptation, an experimental study was performed in dogs subjected to ileojejunal transposition. Fasting levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) did not change significantly throughout 12 weeks. Plasma glucagon measured with an antiserum specific to the C-terminal portion of glucagon slightly increased and plasma total glucagon measured with a non-specific antiserum gradually increased. Glucose tolerance deteriorated at the 4th week in the transposed group. The response of plasma insulin and GIP to glucose in the transposed group did not differ from that of the sham operated group. Plasma glucagon increased significantly during glucose loading at the 12th week. The response of plasma total glucagon to glucose was most prominent, reaching a peak of 3,755 +/- 742 pmol/liter. The value was significantly increased, compared with that of the sham group or normal group (p less than 0.01). Insulin-induced hypoglycemia enhanced a larger increment of plasma total glucagon in the transposed group than in the sham group (p less than 0.05). At the 12th week plasma total amino acids were decreased and several amino acids were reduced. It is concluded that ileojejunal transposition elicited an exaggerated response of plasma total glucagon to glucose and several metabolic derangements and that the transposition offers an excellent model for hyperenteroglucagonemia.
Amino Acids↗
Pressure responses and conduction of peristaltic wave in guinea-pig ureter.
Physiological properties of guinea-pig ureteral segments were studied by measuring the internal pressure responses to electrical stimulation in iso-volume conditions and by recording the contraction elicited by local electrical stimulation in iso-pressure conditions with a video-system. In iso-volume conditions, the phasic pressure response of the ureter increased in magnitude with increasing resting intra-luminal pressure and its threshold was lower in the proximal end, i.e., the part nearest to the renal pelvis, and higher in the distal end. In iso-pressure conditions, the average conduction velocity of the contraction wave was 2.30 +/- 0.54 cm/s (mean and standard deviation, n = 20) in the pressure range of 2-4 cmH2O, being slower in the proximal than in the distal ureter. The velocity decreased with increasing internal pressure. The velocity was nearly equal both in the normal direction of conduction and in the reverse one. The duration of the peristaltic contraction was longer in the proximal and shorter in the distal ureter. These results are discussed in connection with the fundamental mechanical properties of smooth muscle cells.
Animals↗
Clinical studies on the occurrence and the pathogenesis of optociliary veins.
We reviewed retrospectively 20 cases of optociliary vein over the past 5 years. Fifteen of the 20 cases (75%) were over 40 years of age. There was no sex differences (9 males and 11 females). Causative ocular diseases were: central retinal vein occlusion (14 cases, 70%); optic disc drusen (2 cases, 10%); and optic nerve sheath meningioma, high myopia, glaucoma, congenital anomaly (1 case each, total 20%). The number of patients with an optociliary vein was high in central retinal vein occlusion (14/190 cases, 7.4%). We concluded that occurrence of optociliary vein is not restricted to cases with optic nerve sheath meningioma and this shunt vessel may occur under other conditions in which central retinal venous return is seriously disturbed. The most common cause of optociliary vein is central retinal vein occlusion.
Adolescent↗
Endothelin immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
A radioimmunoassay method for endothelin was developed. Antisera raised against endothelin 1 showed significant crossreaction with endothelin 2 and 3 (45 and 13%, respectively). Considerable endothelin immunoreactivity was shown to be present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, ranging from 0.3 pmol/l cerebrospinal fluid to 4.5 pmol/l cerebrospinal fluid, though no endothelin immunoreactivity was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of controls and patients with cerebral infarction, subdural haematoma or brain tumours. Endothelin immunoreactivity was also observed in two out of five cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with cerebral bleeding. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography showed that the main immunoreactive component in cerebrospinal fluid appeared to elute at the same position. There was, however, an immunoreactive component which eluted at the same position as endothelin 3. These results may support the idea that endothelin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid originate mainly from endothelial and neural tissues and that endothelin may contribute to the generation of the vasospasm often observed in subarachnoid hemorrhage, a conclusion based on the exceptionally high endothelin immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid observed in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Aged↗
Development of selective adsorbent for free-hemoglobin.
It is well-known that acute renal failure is often caused by hemolysis. Its possible causes may be free-hemoglobin (F-Hb), stroma freed from destroyed red blood cell, and their combined action. Especially, a great amount of F-Hb is liable to flow out during extracorporeal circulation. The plasma fractionation using a membrane has so far been applied to remove F-Hb (1). The molecular weight of F-Hb of 68,000 which is nearly equal to that of albumin has made it still difficult to separate F-Hb effectively. Recently, we have developed an adsorbent that is capable of selectively removing F-Hb and succeeded in obtaining its high adsorption performance.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Liver support system used sorbent urethane sheet embedded with powdered charcoal.
Requirements to be met by an artificial liver support system are the abilities to perform the function of the liver, i.e., to support the functions of protein synthesis, detoxification, and phagocytosis. At present there are no artificial liver support that can satisfy all these conditions other than the detoxification and protein synthesis by removal and supply in plasma exchange. This mode of treatment poses various problems, including the disadvantage of requiring a great amount of plasma (1). Noting the adsorption performance of powdered charcoal, we have developed a new type of adsorbent for clinical application (UPC, BESPORE, Japan Medical Supply Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan) that consists of powdered charcoal immobilized and encapsulated on a blood-biocompatible sheet. UPC is capable of purifying middle to large molecular weight and protein-bound substances, which have been relatively difficult to achieve with conventional blood purification (Fig.1).
Adsorption↗
[Matrix vesicles in membranous ossification].
Calcification process in membranous ossification was examined histologically by light and electron microscopies in comparison with that in enchondral ossification. The following results were obtained: 1) In the rat tibial articular cartilage, the extracellular matrix proceeding from the transitional to the hypertrophic zone consisted of the following three layers from the proximal: the first layer in which ruthenium red positive granules were densely populated and thin collagen fibrils diffusely arranged but few matrix vesicles were observed; the second one containing numerous matrix vesicles and slightly thick collagen fibrils; and the last one in which the thick collagen fibrils were observed while matrix vesicles and ruthenium red positive granules were few. 2) In the calcified regions in the extracellular matrix of MC3T3-E1 cells, the regions of alveolar new bone formation due to orthodontic tooth movement and the calcified regions in the interparietal suture expanded mechanically in vitro, the number of matrix vesicles was less than those in the regions of enchondral ossification. 3) Ruthenium red positive granules were fewer in the regions of alveolar new bone formation after the orthodontic tooth movement than in the calcified regions of cartilage. 4) The observation on MC3T3-E1 cells revealed the two different possibilities of the processes of calcification: the calcification induced by matrix vesicles as an initiator and that directly related to mineral deposit on the collagen fibrils.
Alveolar Process↗
Synthesis of 6"-chloro-6"-deoxyamikacin and some its analogs.
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Amikacin↗
Biological activities of new anthracyclines containing fluorine, FAD104 and its metabolites.
From various new anthracyclines containing fluorine in their sugar moieties, 7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl)adriamycinone-14-hemi pimerate (FAD104) has been selected for clinical investigation, because of its excellent antitumor activity and solubility. In this paper, the mechanism whereby FAD104 exhibits good antitumor activity in vivo was studied through experiments in vitro in comparison with doxorubicin (DOX). FAD104 had weaker activity than DOX in DNA single and double strand scission in P388 cells and in binding to calf thymus DNA. FAD104 was taken up by P388 cells faster than DOX. The ester linkage in FAD104 was gradually hydrolyzed at neutral pH. FAD104 was metabolized to 7-O-(2,6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl)adriamycinone (FT-ADM) when incubated with mouse or human serum. In mouse serum the esterase activity was about 100 times higher than in human serum. The product of nonenzymatic and enzymatic esterolysis, FT-ADM, was rapidly taken up by P388 cells and accumulated, reaching at a 9.7-fold higher level than DOX. Thus FAD104 was less active than DOX in itself, but it showed much higher activity through conversion into FT-ADM, due to the action of esterase or to spontaneous and gradual hydrolysis at physiological pH. 7-O-(2,6-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-alpha-L-talopyranosyl)adriamycinol (FT-ADM-OH), another metabolite found in mouse serum had the least biological activity among the fluorine-containing anthracycline glycosides, but its activity was still higher than DOX.
Animals↗
[A well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma within adenomatous hyperplasia].
A 37-year-old male was admitted to hospital for jaundice and ascites. An ultrasonogram revealed a hypoechoic mass located in the right anterior inferior segment. A needle specimen of the liver was taken, and its biopsy led to a histological diagnosis of a hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient subsequently underwent an operation wherein it was found that the resected tumor that was taken was not clearly demarcated from the cirrhotic parenchyma. The histological diagnosis was an adenomatous hyperplasia. In a portion of this adenomatous hyperplasia, highly consistent hepatic cells and pseudogland formations were seen, confirming the diagnosis of a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma within an adenomatous hyperplasia.
Adult↗