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Biomedical subjects

T Tsubokawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Tsubokawa.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Tubular bodies (Weibel-Palade) in the endothelial cell of glioblastoma].

Authors have studied the ultrastructure of endothelial cells in the microvessels of malignant and benign gliomas and in particular, the numbers of tubular bodies (Weibel-Palade) in endothelial cells of glioma microvessels in related with blood vessel proliferation. Glioblastoma 6, astrocytoma grade II 1, oligodendroglioma 1 and 2 samples of non-tumor brain tissue were analyzed quantitatively using light and electron microscope with Karnovski fixative. All tissues were obtained from the center, the intermediate and the margin in each tumor tissue and just outside of the tumor at operation. 389 microvessels were examined in the total gliomas electronmicroscopically. Tubular body was first described by Weibel and Palade in the vascular endothelial cells of various organs in both man and animals. This is now considered to be an organelle specific to the endothelial cell, but its function is still unknown. Tubular body observed in the endothelial cells of the gliomas vessels consisted of a membrane-limited round, oval or elongated shaped intra cytoplasmic body (about 0.1-0.2 micron) which contained tubules of 150-200 A outer diameter. Tubular bodies were classified in the two types. One of them (mature type) was relatively electron dense to be more compact, the other (immature type) had relatively pale matrix. In the immature type they are located in close proximity to the Golgi complex or endoplasmic reticulum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1985

[ACNU delivery to malignant glioma tissue by osmotic blood brain barrier modification with intracarotid infusion of hyperosmoral mannitol].

Drug delivery to the tumor has been one of the major subjects in the field of brain tumor chemotherapy because of blood brain barrier. Recent studies including quantitative autoradiographic studies revealed that blood brain barrier is present and intact in the brain adjacent to tumor where viable tumor cells are infiltrating, and also in the tumors which are early in the development. In 1972 Rapoport et al demonstrated that it is possible to transiently and reversibly open the blood brain barrier by an intracarotid infusion of a hyperosmoral solution. This technique is found to increase cerebrovascular permeability to chemotherapeutic agents. Six cases of glioma, including 4 astrocytoma grade 4, 1 astrocytoma grade 3, 1 astrocytoma grade 2, were treated during operation with intracarotid infusion of ACNU 100 mg/body/5 min. (1.3-2.2 mg/kg) following intracarotid infusion of 20% mannitol 200 ml (1.3-1.6 ml/sec) through the catheter in the internal carotid artery set preoperatively, and ACNU concentration in tumor tissues and blood were measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 60 minutes after that. On every case mannitol contrast enhancement CT was studied by the intracarotid infusion of 60% conray 100 ml/5 min. following the intracarotid infusion of 20% mannitol 200 ml comparing with contrast enhancement CT and plain CT. Maximum ACNU concentrations in blood were 2.12-4.12 micrograms/ml (mean 3.1 +/- 0.74) at 5 min. after the intraarterial administration of mannitol and ACNU on every case. At 20 min. following the administration ACNU levels were decreased to half level (mean 1.49 +/- 0.42 microgram/ml) and 0.58 +/- 0.18 microgram/ml at 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Serotonergic effect on cerebrospinal fluid production].

Many details concerning CSF production at the choroid plexus remain unsettled, and the control mechanisms on the production are also not yet clarified. In the present study, the association of serotonin in the dynamics of the CSF production was studied. The authors utilized the ventriculocisternal perfusion method developed by Pappenheimer and an automatic continuous measurement technique which was designed by the authors. The experimental animals comprised 48 mongrel dogs weighing 7.0 to 12.0 kg. The animals were inactivated by intravenous injection of Dialferin after intratracheal intubation for generalized anesthesia with N2O, O2 and Halothane. Within about 2-2.5 hours after starting perfusion of the Blue Dextran-Elliott-B perfusion fluid, the optical density reached a plateau, and the CSF production in the control dogs could be calculated. Once the data for the control had been obtained, intravenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), noradrenaline (NA) and acetazolamide (Diamox) was commenced. Administration of various amount of 5-HTP, a precursor of serotonin, reduced the CSF production, that was, after administration of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg 5-HTP the CSF production reduced by 37.0 +/- 4.4%, 39.9 +/- 3.1%, and 35.2 +/- 5.5% (mean +/- SD), respectively, and no correlation with dose was observed. After administration of 5-HTP, the blood pressure showed unsteady state for about 10 minutes, showing an increase in pulse pressure. It then declined gradually. All these phenomena were within the range of autoregulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1985

Prevention from naturally acquired viral respiratory infection by interferon nasal spray.

Human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha), 50,000 IU per day, was sprayed into the nasal cavity of 73 volunteers twice a day from January 9 till March 4, 1984. The rise in complement fixation antibody titers against influenza A virus was not significantly different between the interferon group and the placebo group. However, the number of subjects without elevated antibody titers and without symptoms in the interferon group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Prophylactic nasal spray of IFN-alpha seems to protect against upper respiratory viral infection.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1984

Effect of temporary subdural-peritoneal shunt on subdural effusion with subarachnoid effusion.

A special entity called subdural effusion with ruptured subarachnoid effusion, which was diagnosed by CT, air study, and RI cisternography, was observed in 14 children of up to 10 months of age. 10 cases that showed symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) were treated by temporary subdural-peritoneal (S-P) shunt, and the remaining 4 cases that showed no symptoms of increased ICP were treated conservatively. 9 of the 10 cases treated by S-P shunt and 2 of the 4 cases treated conservatively showed good results. Poorly balanced absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the special transitional period of the CSF dynamics may be thought to be a pathogenetic factor.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1984

[Immunocytochemical localization of factor VIII-related antigen in blood vessels of the human central nervous system].

Using both immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic techniques with periodatelysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixation, we have studied the distribution of Factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII R: Ag) in 14 cases of human central nervous system (CNS) tumors and 1 sample of non-tumor brain tissue. F VIII R: Ag was localized to the vascular lumen, to the intercellular spaces between endothelial cells (apparently without tight junctions), and to the endothelial cell basement membrane. In the cytoplasm, F VIII R: Ag was found in the endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear space, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles and vesicles only. Characteristic of malignant tumors (6 out of 7) was strongly-positive dilated endoplasmic reticulum, whereas only 1 of 5 benign tumors showed such staining. This appears to reflect increased F VIII R: Ag synthesis in the malignant vessels. The non-tumor brain tissue showed normal capillary structure and very little F VIII R: Ag immunoreactivity. Six of 12 tumors and the non-tumor brain showed perinuclear F VIII R: Ag. Although the basement membranes were more irregular in the malignant tumors, staining was not grossly different from that of the more benign lesions. The finding of both ad-and ablumial vesicles containing F VIII R: Ag suggests that endocytosis, transcellular transport, and/or exocytosis, as well as F VIII R: Ag synthesis, occurs in the tumor endothelial cells. The relationship of these F VIII R: Ag abnormalities to the hypercoagulable state seen in some malignant brain tumor patients remains to be clarified.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Tumor of the pineal region in three brothers].

Occurrence of tumor of pineal region in three brothers was presented and previously reported cases of familial occurrence of primary intracranial tumor were reviewed. Two cases were diagnosed as germinoma clinically. The other case was diagnosed as embryonal carcinoma by pathohistological examination. All cases were of germ cell tumor. Reports of pineal tumors occurring in siblings are extremely rare. There have been three reports in the literature but no case of familial occurrence of histologically verified germ cell tumor in the pineal region in three siblings has been reported. Genetic aspects of primary intracranial tumors have been discussed but there has not been established a close relationship between heredity and oncogenecity. This case is a very interesting case because it is not only a rare case of familial occurrence of pineal tumor but it suggests the propriety of the theorum dealing with germ cell origin tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Thalamic relay nucleus stimulation for relief of intractable pain. Clinical results and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid].

Chronic implantation of a stimulating electrode in the thalamic relay nucleus (11 cases), in the periaqueductal gray (1 case) and in the internal capsule (2 cases) was performed in fourteen cases which suffered from intractable pain. All these cases could get pain relief at least initial two months. Ventricular fluids were collected before and after stimulation with optimal combination of parameters, and measurements of beta-endorphin were performed by radio-immunoassay. Intrathecal morphine (1mg) injection was performed in eight cases. Cerebrospinal fluids were collected by lumbar tap before and 24 hours after morphine injection. beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was measured by the same method. Pain relief was judged to be excellent if the patient so claimed, and if he discontinued analgesics. Pain relief was thought to be good when it was not completely controllable by stimulation but was sufficiently improved that the patient could do without analgesics. It was thought to be fair when patient could not discontinue analgesics, and poor when patient could not get pain relief. We usually attempt to prevent the stimulation-tolerance by administration of the monoamine precursors , i.e., 1-dopa and 1-tryptophan, on the basis of the experimental observation reported previously. In somatogenic pain patients, the thalamic relay nucleus stimulation was performed in 7 cases (excellent; 3, good; 1, fair; 3) and the periaqueductal gray stimulation in one case (good).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Changes in energy metabolism and spinal cord blood flow following severe spinal cord injury].

Using a rat severe spinal cord injury model, serial determinations of local spinal cord blood flow and energy metabolism including ATP, ADP, AMP, energy charges, local tissue oxygen consumption and changes in pH values in the injured spinal cord tissue were compared topographically. Initially, following injury, energy metabolism was increased with increased ATP utilization and within 30 minutes energy metabolites were severely depleted. By 2 hours after spinal cord injury, a state of severe anaerobic metabolism was associated with the depletion of energy metabolites. This severe state of metabolic disruption and energy metabolite depletion, especially ATP, was followed by a progressive disturbance of spinal cord blood flow. By 3 hours following injury, the disturbances of spinal cord blood flow and energy metabolism were equal in severity. This study suggested that in the severely injured rat spinal cord, an initial depletion of energy metabolites creates a disruption of metabolic function which results in a progression of pathophysiological factors including.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1984

[Disturbances of hydrogen electron transport system and free radical reactions after severe spinal cord injury].

Local tissue oxygen consumption, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase, coenzyme-Q and alpha-tocopherol were measured and the relationships between damage to the hydrogen electron transport system and free radical reactions were examined in a irreversible rat spinal cord injury model. Damage to the hydrogen electron transport system became apparent in the injured spinal cord segment earlier than expected. Oxygen consumption declined to 26% of the baseline level within five to 30 minutes after injury, by one hour, further declined by 21% and by two hours another 17% and by three to four hours by an additional 13%. This severe disturbance of oxygen metabolism was associated with a marked reduction of adenosine triphosphate. A reduction in coenzyme-Q by 50% was noted within 10 minutes after injury and might be at least partially responsible for these changes since a reduction of coenzyme-Q promotes the semiquinone (.coenzyme-Q) forming reaction and also produces the superoxide radical X O2-. While coenzyme-Q reacts with H+ ion, this superoxide radical X O2-, produce a state of scavenger wastage and hyperoxygenation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase at two hours after injury. Lipid peroxigenation resulted from damage to the hydrogen electron transport system which created a state of energy metabolite disruption and cellular membrane damage and ultimately led to cellular autolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Spinal cord stimulation for post-apoplectic spastic hemiplegia].

Although the therapeutic effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for spastic movement disorders is still controversial, its effect for multiple sclerosis has been supported by several authors. Among various clinical beneficial effects, reduction of the spasticity may be attractive for physical therapy of post-apoplectic patients. Two patients suffered from post-apoplectic spastic hemiplegia were selected for SCS. Electrodes of Medtronic's SCS system were placed at lower cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord extradura. Stimulation of 30-75 Hz in frequency and 0.3-0.5 in voltage continued for 12-14 hours during daytime every days. U.S., a 74-year-old man, suffered from cerebral infarction in the right internal capsule was treated by SCS at one year after the stroke . At the fourth day after SCS spasticity of the lower extremity reduced and his gait improved remarkably. Upper extremity also showed reduction of spasticity at the seventh day after SCS. H/M ratio before SCS was 0.85 and reduced to 0.77 at 68 th day after SCS. Recovery curve of H-wave also improved after SCS. Y.K., a 47-year-old man, suffered from pontine hemorrhage showed right spastic hemiplegia. He was treated by SCS at 13th month after the hemorrhage. Spasticity of the upper extremity reduced slightly and his gait improved obviously. H/M ratio which was 1.05 before SCS, reduced to 0.75 at 122 nd day after SCS. Recovery curve of H-wave improved remarkably after the treatment. It was obvious that the spasticity reduced after SCS and function of the extremities recovered to some extent in above patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗