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Biomedical subjects

T Tsubaki

Publications and source records attributed to T Tsubaki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Dermal reactions in children with atopic dermatitis--changes in histamine/tryptase levels in skin chambers. Report 1].

In the present study, we used the skin chamber method to determine histamine and tryptase released by continuous loading of a single antigen on the skin in order to evaluate dermal reactions produced and thereby obtain greater insight into the role of type I allergic reactions in children with atopic dermatitis. The subjects were 46 children, 23 males and 23 females aged 10.6 +/- 4.3 years on the average, who were being treated at the National Children's Hospital for moderate or severer atopic dermatitis. Mite antigen stimulation was carried out by the skin chamber method upon admission and histamine and tryptase levels in collected antigen solution were determined. Histamine levels in the chamber were increased significantly at 6, 12 and 24 hrs after stimulation compared to the control levels (p < 0.01). Tryptase levels were increased 2 hrs after stimulation but decreased with time thereafter. Histamine and tryptase levels were significantly correlated 2 hrs after stimulation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.954 (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was observed 24 hrs after stimulation. These findings indicate that children with severe atopic dermatitis have great skin reactivity and very sensitive to stimulation by antigens. Mast cells and basophils are thought to be involved in immediate and delayed type reactions, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Incidence of latex allergy in atopic children in Japan.

Many cases of latex-induced intraoperatived anaphylaxis have been reported in Europe and the U.S. but not in Japan. We measured latex-specific IgE antibody in sera from the 108 atopic children with high serum IgE levels (over 1,000 U/ml). All of them were diagnosed to have asthma, atopic dermatitis and/or food intolerance. Eleven (10.2%) out of 108 patients were found to have latex-specific IgE by RAST, and 6 of them were positive for latex antigen by skin test. Most of the children did not realize that they were allergic to latex until we discovered it. This data suggest that we should be cautious about latex allergy when atopic children have to be operated upon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Blood pressure, heart rate and catecholamine response during fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation under general anesthesia.

Arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate were recorded at one-minute intervals during several stages of intubation in the fiberscope group and the laryngoscope group, to determine if fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation would result in fewer hemodynamic and catecholamine responses than when intubation was performed with a Macintosh laryngoscope. Blood samples were also taken to measure plasma catecholamine concentration immediately after intubation with the fiberscope. The mean ABP in the laryngoscope group was slightly greater than that of the fiberscope group for 4 min after intubation. Heart rates at 2 min and 4 min after intubation in the laryngoscope group were significantly greater than those for the fiberscope group. Even immediately after intubation, the mean plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were unchanged in the fiberscope group. Arterial oxygen saturation (Sp(O)(2)) was maintained within normal range during both of intubation procedures, although the time required for intubation was longer than in the laryngoscope group. Other cardiovascular complications were more common in the laryngoscope group than in the fiberscope group. These results suggest that fiberoptic intubation results in less severe stress than does laryngoscopic intubation. Fiberoptic intubation should therefore be used not only in patients with difficult airway, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, or cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, but also it is recommended for all patients for whom nasotracheal intubation is indicated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Airway responses to repeated exercises detected by krypton-81m in asthmatic children.

A repeated exercise program was used to test 7 asthmatic children for changes in ventilation. These changes were examined by continuously inhaled Krypton-81m and compared in subjects with positive and negative refractoriness, as defined by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Three of the seven patients showed significant refractoriness (% reduction in FEV1 > 50%). After the first exercise, they showed one or two ventilation defects which improved after the second exercise. The patient with incomplete refractoriness showed similar results. On the contrary, subjects without refractoriness showed several ventilation defects which fluctuated after the second or third exercise program. One defected area improved after the second exercise session, but deteriorated after the third; and another area deteriorated after the second exercise and improved after the third. It was concluded that approximately half of the patients were refractory in view of FEV1, but that they were all refractory in view of regional ventilation 81mKr images.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

[Study of liver function in babies with atopic dermatitis by using 13C-methacetin breath test].

We measured serum GOT levels in babies with atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Two hundred and fourteen babies (133 male, 18 female, under 2 years of age) who first visited the Department of Allergy in the National Children's Hospital were examined. Their serum GOT levels were higher than normal; the younger they were, the higher the serum GOT levels were. We carried out the 13-methacetin breath test (MBT) on 11 babies with atopic dermatitis and high serum GOT levels as well as 5 normal babies to estimate their hepatic microsomal function. 13C-methacetin was administered (0.5 mg/kg) orally, and breath was collected at 30 minutes before and immediately before administration. After administration it was collected at 15 minute intervals for the first hour and 45 minute intervals for 90 consecutive minutes afterwards. The level of 13CO2 in their breath was determined with a mass spectrometer. The peak level of 13CO2 excretion (%dose/hr) in the atopic babies with high serum GOT levels was lower and the time required for 13CO2 excretion to reach its maximum level was longer than in normal babies. Also their 13CO2 clearance rate (%/hr) was lower. These results suggested that there was some relationship between atopic dermatitis and liver dysfunction in babies.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1990

Utilization of a computerized system at the pharmacy department of the University of Tokyo Hospital--impact of prescription order entry and computerized dispensing system.

(1) A medication order entry system, (2) a fully automatic tablet counting and packaging machine connected with a medication order entry system, and (3) a check system for one dose package developed and implemented in the University of Tokyo Hospital are described. The principal objectives of these systems are (1) to reduce medication errors and the clerical workload of staff, (2) to make more efficient use of staff, (3) to provide staff with sufficient drug information for patient drug therapy. We compared computerized systems (post-computerization) and traditional multi-dose dispensing systems (pre-computerization) by analyzing inquiry rate and dispensing time in the pharmacy for inpatients. Inquiry rate was 23.0% and 2.6% for pre-computerization and post-computerization, respectively. Total dispensing time per patient was 207 seconds and 147 seconds for pre-computerization and post-computerization, respectively. Implementation of the computerized systems helped significantly in decreasing inquiry rate and time needed to complete the dispensing process when compared with a traditional dispensing system. Implementation of the computerized systems was very useful for physicians, pharmacists, and nurses in conducting drug therapy.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1989

A fulminant case of Guillain-Barré syndrome: topographic and fibre size related analysis of demyelinating changes.

In a necropsy case of early fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome, demyelinating changes were observed throughout the peripheral nervous system, most conspicuous in the spinal nerve roots. The central/peripheral nervous system transition regions and most proximal zones of the roots escaped damage. In some root areas there were widespread early changes in myelin sheaths in the absence of significant infiltrates of inflammatory cells. In the fibre size analytical study, small myelinated fibres were preferentially involved.

Cranial Nerves↗
PubMed1989

A Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent (Echigo-1 strain) recovered from brain tissue showing the 'panencephalopathic type' disease.

We used histologic evidence of degenerative changes in both the gray and white matter of the brain to diagnose a patient as having the panencephalopathic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). This type of CJD is relatively common in Japan, but not in North America or Europe. We recovered a transmissible pathogen (Echigo-1 strain) from an autopsy specimen of the patient's brain and passed it serially in Hartley guinea pigs. After a long latent period, it caused degenerative changes, mainly in the thalamic area of the guinea pig brain. On the 4th passage, a substrain emerged with a short latent period. When cross-transmitted to Golden Syrian hamsters, this substrain induced severe degeneration in both the thalamus and cerebral cortex. We compare our results with those for other experimental CJDs produced by other types of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of the desirable epinephrine concentration containing in dental local anesthetics. Comparison between two lidocaine solutions containing 1/80,000 and 1/200,000 epinephrine].

This study is a pilot study to determine the desirable epinephrine concentration containing in dental local anesthetics. Two percent lidocaine solution containing 1/80,000 and 1/200,000 epinephrine were compared in view points of onset and duration of anesthesia and hemodynamic responses after conduction and infiltration anesthesia in oral cavities of six voluntary dental students. Conduction anesthesia to the right inferior alveolar nerve, using 2% lidocaine solution containing 1/80,000 and 1/200,000 epinephrine showed no significant difference in onset and duration of anesthesia, changes in blood pressure and pulse rate. Duration of anesthesia determined by pin prick showed the longest in infiltration anesthesia, using 2% lidocaine solution containing 1/80,000 epinephrine, (103.4 +/- 18.5 min.), and followed by that containing 1/200,000 epinephrine (52.0 +/- 13.0 min.) and that excluding epinephrine (23.0 +/- 5.1 min.). These findings suggested that the desirable epinephrine concentration containing in dental local anesthetics may be 1/200,000, judging from the time of a dental practice.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1989

[Ocular motor abnormalities in progressive supranuclear palsy].

Eleven patients, 7 males and 4 females, of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) were examined neuro-otologically for the purpose of elucidating the characteristics of ocular motor abnormalities. All cases were admitted to our hospital and age at onset was from 52 to 71 years old, duration of illness was 2 to 11 years. Range of voluntary eye movements and abnormal eye movements including nystagmus were examined on naked eyes and with electronystagmography (ENG). Smooth pursuit movements and saccadic eye movements were tested both horizontally and vertically by using visual tracking method with ENG recordings. Optokinetic nystagmus test and caloric test with visual suppression test were also performed. These neurotological examinations were made repetitively in 5 cases and their progressions were observed. Vertical gaze palsy and convergence palsy were observed in all cases as the initial symptom. In this study downward gaze was more severely disturbed than upward gaze. Using ENG, saccadic eye movements (saccades) were disturbed earlier than smooth pursuit movements. Hypometric saccades and decreased saccadic velocity were common abnormalities. In the later stage of the disease, horizontal eye movements were also disturbed. In four cases bilateral adduction palsy was added to vertical gaze paralysis so that the lesion of the MLF to oculomotor nucleus was suggested to exist. These voluntary eye movements were worsened gradually as the disease progressed. By using ENG we could find so called abnormal eye movements more frequently than the previous reports. Eight patients demonstrated horizontal gaze nystagmus, and rebound nystagmus were observed in four cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Effects of 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (clioquinol) and nerve growth factor on DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia.

To investigate molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity of clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline), the inhibitory effects of this drug on DNA, RNA and protein syntheses were examined, in relation to the action of nerve growth factor (2.5S NGF). We used an organ culture of neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Ten microM clioquinol inhibited completely DNA and protein syntheses and abolished the stimulatory effect of NGF on RNA synthesis. With regard to the chemical structure of clioquinol, hydroxylation at the 8th carbon of quinoline is essential for the inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein syntheses, and the hydrophobicity of the 8-HQ derivatives is a required property for potent inhibition. Compared with effects of EDTA, alizarine, sodium alizarine sulfate, o-phenanthroline and alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, the loss of the NGF-induced stimulation of RNA synthesis by clioquinol does not seem to be primarily caused by its metal-chelating property. Clioquinol did not significantly alter the uptake rate of thymidine, uridine and leucine, thereby suggesting that the primary action of clioquinol on inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein syntheses does not relate to uptake of the precursor into SCG. Clioquinol did not significantly alter the degradation of 3H-uridine-labeled RNA. NGF suppressed the degradation of RNA and this suppression was overcome by clioquinol. The release of free uridine from SCG into the culture medium was enhanced by clioquinol and was partially suppressed by NGF. The inhibitory effects of clioquinol were completely prevented by bovine serum albumin (BSA), but not by NGF even at a 5-fold concentration of clioquinol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A family of spino-cerebellar degeneration with disturbance of ocular movement, choreoathetosis, amyotrophy and dementia--a consideration in clinical features].

Seven cases in a family of hereditary spino-cerebellar degeneration (SCD) similar to dentatorubro-pallido-Luysian atrophy (DRPLA) were reported. The clinical features of these cases were disturbance of ocular movement (limitation of ocular movement and slow eye movement (SEM], remarkable amyotrophy, choreoathetosis, dementia and sleep apnea. The brain CT's revealed marked atrophy in pons and cerebellum. Amyotrophy had been reported in the case of DRPLA, particular ataxo-choreoathetoid form (by Hirayama). Muscle biopsy was performed in these cases, which showed scattered small angulated fiber, severe atrophic fiber with pyknotic nuclear clump, fiber type grouping and small rounded fiber were mixed. These findings indicates neurogenic change of radiculoneuropathy type (by Tanabe). In many reported cases of DRPLA and SCD with amyotrophy, this type of muscle biopsy had not been recognized. In SCD with amyotrophy, a main lesion had existed on peripheral nerve. In this case, there was no definite clinical findings (sensory disturbance, delay of conduction nerve velocity, peripheral neuropathy in nerve biopsy). In recent years, several unclassified cases of SCD with amyotrophy had been reported, which had multi-system degeneration involving peripheral neuropathy. This case is similar to these cases, which is speculates multi-systemic lesions, not only DRPLA but also peripheral nerve involvement. On neuro-otological study, velocity of saccade was slow and persuit was reserved in proband case. In younger onset case, disturbance of saccade and pursuit was mild. In older progressive case, disturbance of saccade and pursuit was progressive and accompanied with severe limitation of ocular movement. Several autopsy cases of SEM had been reported.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗