[A case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis following active pulmonary tuberculosis].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Toyoda
Publications and source records attributed to T Toyoda.
[Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis by detection of antituberculous glycolipid antigen (TBGL antigen) antibodies in serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: clinical evaluation of anti-TBGL antibodies assay kit].
Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd. developed the kit for the sero-diagnosis of tuberculosis, which detects IgG antibodies against tuberculous glycolipids antigen containing cord factor (TBGL antigen) prepared from M. tuberculosis using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. We evaluated the kit using clinical specimens and the results are as follows: 1) In total, 34 out of 39 cases (87.2%) with active pulmonary tuberculosis showed positive anti-TBGL antibody. 2) Patients with cavity, patients with extensive lesions and patients excreting large amount of acid fast bacilli tended to show high positivity rates. 3) The antibody titers increased in 7 out of 11 cases after starting the antituberculous chemotherapy. 4) The use of the antibody is unsuitable for the determination of the activity of tuberculosis since the antibody titers only slightly decreased even after chemotherapy for two years. 5) Two out of four nontuberculous mycobacteriosis cases showed high antibody titers 6) All three AIDS patients with tuberculosis showed low antibody titers. 7) The antibody was negative in almost all healthy controls showing a positive PPD skin test after vaccination with BCG, and it was therefore assumed that the antibody titer is not increased by BCG vaccination. 8) The antibody titers of the staff members working in the tuberculosis wards were not high compared with those of staff members working in the other wards.
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
[Is obesity an enemy or ally to one's health?].
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Diabetes Mellitus↗
A simple and rapid method for preliminary evaluation of in vivo efficacy of anti-HIV compounds in mice.
In vivo efficacy of anti-HIV compounds is affected by various factors such as bioavailability, metabolism, clearance, and toxicity. Here we report a simple and rapid method that might be useful for preliminary evaluation of in vivo efficacy of anti-HIV compounds. MT-4 cells carrying proviral HTLV-1 were infected with HIV-1 in vitro and injected into the peritoneal cavity of SCID mice or BALB/c mice. Inoculated cells survive for 1-2 days, and support one to two cycles of viral replication which can be monitored by RT activity or p24 content in the supernatants of peritoneal wash fluids. Test compounds were administered either orally or subcutaneously. AZT, DDC and DDI, the nucleoside-type RT inhibitors currently in clinical use, all showed potent anti-HIV-1 activities in this mouse/MT-4 assay. HEPT (E-EBUdM), a non-nucleoside RT inhibitor, also showed potent anti-HIV-1 activity in vivo, whereas TIBO (R82913), another non-nucleoside RT inhibitor, was less active. In protease inhibitors KNI-272 and Ro 31-8959 showed good in vivo activities, while KNI-144, a compound closely related to KNI-272, showed poor in vivo activity. This mouse/MT-4 assay, although having a number of shortcomings as an animal model for HIV-1 infection, may be of some practical utility for preliminary evaluation of in vivo efficacy of potential anti-HIV compounds.
Animals↗
Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and surgical findings in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.
PURPOSE: This study compared the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three patients and 30 asymptomatic volunteers underwent MRI using the three-dimensional (3D) FISP acquisition technique. The 43 patients (43 joints) then underwent discectomy, and the surgical and MRI findings were correlated. RESULTS: In 28 joints (28 patients), splits surrounded by regions of high-signal intensity were seen in the discs and retrodiscal tissues on MRI. Surgically, a tear was confirmed in 26 (93%) of these joints. Histologically, these areas showed severe myxomatous degeneration. Disc deformity was visualized by MRI in all patients and increases in signal intensity were found in some discs. High-signal intensities also were observed in 30 joint spaces, in which serous joint effusion was confirmed surgically. CONCLUSION: Pathologic intracapsular changes are accurately depicted by FISP-3D, and this method is particularly useful for diagnosing changes in the disc and retrodiscal tissues.
Adolescent↗
Role of GTPase activity of murine Mx1 protein in nuclear localization and anti-influenza virus activity.
Murine Mx1 protein is an interferon-inducible GTPase which localizes in nuclei and inhibits influenza virus infection. Wild-type Mx1 and two mutant Mx1 proteins, each carrying a single mutation either in the GTP-binding motif (S50I) or in the self-assembly motif (C71S), were expressed in MDCK cells. Wild-type Mx1 localized in nuclei, forming small granules with minute dots, and inhibited influenza virus growth. Mutant S50I, which had no GTP-binding or GTPase activities, formed linear structures in nuclei and lacked anti-viral activity, while C71S appeared diffuse in nuclei as minute dots without granules, but retained the inhibitory activity against influenza virus growth. A correlation existed between GTPase activity, intranuclear distribution and antiviral activity. We concluded that GTPase activity is essential for expression of the biological activity of Mx1 protein.
Animals↗
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens other than sputum by a specific DNA probe with amplification of the ribosomal RNA.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direst Test (MTD) for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens other than sputum, especially cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pleural fluid (PF) specimens. DESIGN: Six CSF, 17 PF and 23 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens that were submitted to our clinical laboratory for detection of mycobacteria were subjected to MTD and conventional smear and culture examinations. RESULTS: Of 6 smear-negative CSF specimens, two were positive in MTD and culture examination. In PF specimens, two of 15 smear- and culture-negative specimens were positive in MTD, while one smear-negative but culture-positive specimen was MTD negative. Three of 20 smear- and culture-negative BALF specimens were positive in MTD. Three BALF specimens in which mycobacteria other than the M. tuberculosis complex detected by culture were negative in MTD. CONCLUSION: MTD is very useful for rapid detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens other than sputum as well as sputum, and should be especially valuable for rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis which requires prompt initiation of appropriate anti-tuberculosis drug treatment.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
[Longitudinal observation of pulmonary tuberculosis patients by Gen-Probe Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test (MTD)].
To study the clinical significance of conducting Gen-Probe Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD) during the course of the disease, sputum specimens from 19 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were smeared, cultured, and tested by MTD, once a month for five months from the initiation of chemotherapy. 1) MTD-positive rates declined in parallel with decreased pulmonary tuberculosis activity, and the MTD findings of 16 patients who presented mild to moderate pulmonary tuberculosis at admission became negative by four months after the beginning of treatment. Three patients (15.8%) who were consistently positive for MTD during five months after the beginning of treatment were serious pulmonary tuberculosis patients, excreting a large number of organisms at admission. 2) During the course, a total of 43 MTD negative findings were observed, of which one (2.3%) was positive for Ogawa medium culture and the other 42 (92.7%) were negative. MTD was useful in briefly determining the absence of infection, provided that a negative culture on Ogawa medium means no infection. 3) Eleven of the 12 specimens (91.7%) showing positive smears and negative cultures on Ogawa medium were positive for MTD. Since MTD shows negative results for atypical mycobacteria, this is a very useful test in identifying acid fast bacilli which shows a positive smear and a negative culture.
Humans↗
[Two cases of tuberculous meningitis diagnosed rapidly by amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test (MTD)].
The Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD) is a rapid direct specimen assay method for identification of M. tuberculosis by amplification of ribosomal RNA and detection of the product with a specific chemiluminescent DNA probe. We report two cases of tuberculous meningitis which were positive in the MTD. Since the cerebrospinal fluid showed negative smears and positive cultures in both cases, we could diagnose tuberculous meningitis by MTD about 2 months earlier than by conventional smear and culture methods. In one patient, the fever didn't subside immediately after staring chemotherapy. In the other patient, an intracerebral focus appeared after administration of antituberculosis drugs. However, we did not hesitate to continue the therapy because of the MTD positive findings. MTD is considered to be a very useful test especially in diseases like tuberculous meningitis which need rapid diagnosis and rapid therapy, and is useful for improvement of convalescence and is economical.
Aged↗
The RNA polymerase PB2 subunit is not required for replication of the influenza virus genome but is involved in capped mRNA synthesis.
An established cell line, clone 64, in which the expression of the RNA polymerase PB1 and PA subunit genes and the nucleoprotein (NP) gene but not the PB2 subunit gene of influenza virus can be induced by the addition of dexamethasone, was used to analyze the replication and transcription machineries of the influenza virus. Both NS-CATc and NS-CATv, the chimeric nonstructural protein chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (NS-CAT) RNAs in the sense and antisense orientations positioned between the 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences of influenza virus RNA segment 8 (the NS gene), respectively, can be transcribed into the corresponding complementary-strand RNA in clone 64 cells only when treated with dexamethasone. Although sense-strand poly(A)+ CAT RNA was detected in the dexamethasone-treated clone 64 cells transfected with NS-CATv RNA, CAT activity was not detected in these cells and the isolated poly(A)+ CAT RNA was inert in an in vitro translation system. However, when the poly(A)+ CAT RNA was capped by using a purified yeast mRNA capping enzyme (mRNA guanylyltransferase), the capped poly(A)+ CAT RNA became translatable in the in vitro translation system. These results indicated that PB1, PA, and NP can support the replication of the influenza virus genome as well as the transcription to yield uncapped poly(A)+ RNA and that PB2 is specifically required for the synthesis of capped RNA.
Animals↗
Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery--a case of young boy.
Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) of the popliteal artery (PA) is rare but one of the well-recognized causes of intermittent claudication. Now more than 200 case reports are available in the world, but there are only 6 cases younger than 15 years old. In this paper, we report a case of 14-year-old boy with CAD of the PA found by intermittent claudication. On examination, the pulses were not palpable below the right popliteal artery, and the angiography demonstrated about 1.5 cm-long obstruction of the right PA. We operated a resection of a cyst with artery, and replaced the autovein graft (V. saphena magna). Cyst contained mucoid degeneration-like ganglion. Two weeks after operation, the angiography showed no stenotic lesion, and follow-up at 4 years showed no symptoms.
Adolescent↗
[Respiratory disorders during sleep in Duchenne muscular dystrophy].
Respiratory disorders during sleep were studied in 42 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (mean age 18.4 years). Chest and abdominal movement, nasal airflow, snoring sounds, eye movement, and oxygen saturation were monitored during sleep. Three patterns of disorders were found: obstructive apnea, central apnea, and paradoxical respiration without upper airway obstruction (non-obstructive paradoxical respiration). Of these three patterns, obstructive apnea was the most common. Hypertrophy of the tongue and collapsibility of the upper airway seemed to be responsible for the obstructive apnea in these patients. The relationships between PaCO2 while breathing room air and the various indices of respiratory disorders were studied. The index of central apnea differed significantly between patients in whom PaCO2 was less than 50 Torr (early disease, n = 22) and those in whom PaCO2 was greater than or equal to 50 Torr (advanced disease, n = 20), but the indices of obstructive apnea and non-obstructive paradoxical respiration did not differ between those two groups. In conclusion, sleep disorders were common in patients with DMD, and the most common was obstructive apnea. In the patients with advanced DMD, blood gas analysis showed hypercapnia, and the index of central sleep apnea was high, probably because of respiratory muscle weakness or abnormalities in the respiratory center.
Adolescent↗
[Use of epicardial leads for transvenous pacing lead insufficiency with venous thrombosis: a case report].
Recent progress in the electrode tip to prevent dislodgement makes difficult to extract itself in some patients. And when multiple leads are placed through a transvenous route, more frequent occurrence of venous thrombosis is easily suspected. We experienced a case of transvenous lead insufficiency with venous thrombosis. In this patient, two of unextractable transvenous leads were already placed, and venous thrombosis was detected by venography, so we implanted the new epicardial leads instead. In case of long-term placement of transvenous leads, especially when multiple, the possibility of venous thrombosis is ever thought, and the use of the extractable leads or anticoagulant therapy is recommended.
Aged↗
[Blood gas changes in Duchenne type muscular dystrophy].
We studied changes in blood gas data from 32 patients with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD), who were followed for more than 5 years. Regression lines for each blood gas variable were obtained by the least square regression method, from 276 observations. The mean change per year was calculated by averaging the individual slopes. All blood gas variables (PaO2, PaCO2, pH, and [HCO3-]) correlated significantly with age the regression lines were: PaO2 = 95.6-0.45x Age, PaCO2 = 34.7 + 0.70x Age, pH = 7.397-0.0023x Age, [HCO3-] = 20.7 + 0.28x Age. The rates of change were -0.74 Torr/year for PaO2, 1.07 Torr/year for PaCO2, -0.0028 per year for pH and 0.55 mEq/l/year for [HCO3-]. The slope of each regression line was within the average individual yearly change +/- one standard deviation. AaDO2 did not change significantly with age, but chronic respiratory acidosis worsened because of alveolar hypoventilation. As an index of the severity of DMD, PaCO2 was better than PaO2, because the former was more strongly correlated with age and the values of PaCO2 deviated less from the the regression line.
Adolescent↗
Exact formula for nondiagonal Green's functions in condensed-matter physics.
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Journal Article↗
Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to alpha-interferon and its induced protein, MxA, in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease brain tissues.
The localization of alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) and its induced protein, MxA, was examined in human brain tissues from neurologically normal, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) cases. In all cases, a few neurons in the superficial cortical layers and microglial cells in the white matter were stained with the antibody to alpha-IFN. In AD brains, white matter microglia were intensely labeled for alpha-IFN and reactive microglia, such as those on senile plaques, were strongly positive for MxA protein. In PD, Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra were positive for MxA, but there was no staining for alpha-IFN in that region. These results suggest that increased expression of alpha-IFN in the white matter microglia and appearance of MxA protein in reactive microglia contribute to Alzheimer pathology. The staining of some Lewy bodies for MxA may be indicative of a viral infection or other unknown factor.
Aged↗
Replication in vitro of the influenza virus genome: selective dissociation of RNA replicase from virus-infected cell ribonucleoprotein complexes.
Replication of the influenza virus genome involves two discrete step reactions: vRNA-directed primer-independent (unprimed) synthesis of cRNA; and cRNA-directed unprimed synthesis of vRNA. Nuclear extracts from both MDCK and HeLa cells infected with influenza virus A/PR8/34 exhibited unprimed synthesis of both cRNA and vRNA strands (a parameter of RNA replication). Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with the replication activity were isolated from these nuclear extracts by glycerol gradient centrifugation in the presence of 0.1 M KCl. At 0.5 M KCl, however, these complexes were dissociated into stripped RNP and soluble protein fractions. The soluble fraction contained the activity of exogenous template-dependent unprimed RNA synthesis, indicating that the RNA replicase is dissociated from RNP upon exposure to high salt concentrations. On the other hand, the high salt-treated RNP catalyzed only primer-dependent RNA synthesis, but regained a low level activity of exogenous template-dependent unprimed RNA synthesis by adding nuclear extracts from uninfected cells, suggesting that host factor(s) is involved in the functional interconversion of influenza virus RNA polymerase.
Animals↗
Long-term evaluation of discectomy of the temporomandibular joint.
A clinical and radiographic survey was conducted with 39 patients (39 joints) who had undergone discectomy of the temporomandibular joint between 1965 and 1974 and whose cases had been followed for an average of 20 years after surgery. There were 3 males and 36 females, ranging in age from 16 to 70 years (average, 33 years) at the time of surgery. Masticatory disorders, arthralgia, limitation of condylar movement, and trismus were the chief symptoms, and clicking and crepitus were present in six and two patients, respectively. Plain radiography showed osteoarthritic changes such as osteophyte formation or lipping on the condyles of eight joints. Arthrography showed disc perforations and peridiscal adhesions in 27 patients, and displacement of the disc in eight. All discs were totally extirpated and condylar shaves were performed in eight patients who had disorders such as osteophytes, exostoses, or lipping on the condyles. In follow-up examinations, 37 patients had no pain, but mild arthralgia was noted occasionally in two patients. Postoperatively, no patients experienced subjective masticatory disorders; 38 patients were able to open their mouth more than 35 mm, and crepitus was heard in only two joints. Plain radiography showed bony changes on the condyles and eminences of all joints. From this long-term follow-up study it is concluded that discectomy is a useful operation for treatment of severe disc pathology causing pain and functional disturbance in the temporomandibular joint.
Adolescent↗